Flashcards: Central nervous system disorders

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff's syndrome.

Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of white-matter brain injury, characterized by the necrosis (more often coagulation) of white matter near the lateral ventricles.

A minimally conscious state (MCS) is a disorder of consciousness distinct from persistent vegetative state and locked-in syndrome.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.

Meningoencephalitis (/mɪˌnɪŋɡoʊɛnˌsɛfəˈlaɪtᵻs, -ˌnɪndʒoʊ-, -ən-, -ˌkɛ-/; from Greek: meninges- membranes; enkephalos brain; and -itis inflammation) is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the brain.

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus, specifically in the CA-1 (Cornu Ammonis area 1) and subiculum of the hippocampus.

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is the formation of a blood clot within the cavernous sinus, a cavity at the base of the brain which drains deoxygenated blood from the brain back to the heart.

Rasmussen's encephalitis, also known as chronic focal encephalitis (CFE), is a rare inflammatory neurological disease, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis (paralysis on one side of the body), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and dementia.

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) describes a hypothesis that there exists a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders and these symptoms are caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections.

Misophonia, literally "hatred of sound," is a presumed disorder of uncertain classification in which negative emotions, thoughts, and physical reactions are triggered by specific sounds.

Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources, within the brain tissue.

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and motor neurone disease (MND), is a specific disease that causes the death of neurons which control voluntary muscles.

There are four main causes of infections of the central nervous system (CNS): bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal.

Central nervous system fatigue, or central fatigue, is a form of fatigue that is associated with changes in the synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters within the central nervous system (CNS; including the brain and spinal cord) which affects exercise performance and muscle function and cannot be explained by peripheral factors that affect muscle function.

Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are cysts that occur within choroid plexus of the brain.

Georg Herman Monrad-Krohn (14 March 1884 – 1 September 1964), born in Bergen, Norway, is known for his work on the development of neurology early in the 20th century.

A colloid cyst is a cyst containing gelatinous material in the brain.

Wernicke's encephalopathy (or Wernicke's disease) refers to the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B1).

Transverse myelitis is a neurological condition in which the spinal cord is inflamed.

Disorders of consciousness are organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli.

Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are disorders of the structure or function of either the spinal cord (e.g., a myelopathy) or brain (e.g., an encephalopathy), both of which are part of the central nervous system.