Flashcards: Blood disorders

Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular).

In medicine, hemoglobinuria or haemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine.

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood.

Antiphospholipid syndrome or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS), or often also Hughes syndrome, is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies.

Leukopenia (also known as leukocytopenia or leucopenia, from Greek λευκός "white" and πενία "deficiency") is a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection.

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) (/ˌfʌnˈvɪlᵻbrɑːnt/) is the most common hereditary blood-clotting disorder in humans.

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease.

Leukocytosis is white cells (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood.

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an extremely rare, life-threatening, progressive disease that frequently has a genetic component.

Hemoglobin C (abbreviated as Hb C or HbC) is an abnormal hemoglobin in which substitution of a glutamic acid residue with a lysine residue at the 6th position of the β-globin chain has occurred (E6K substitution).

Anisocytosis is a medical term meaning that a patient's red blood cells are of unequal size.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare autosomal dominant metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme, the oxygen-binding prosthetic group of hemoglobin.

Purpura is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure.

Polycythemia (or Polycythaemia, see spelling differences) vera (PV) (also known as erythremia, primary polycythemia, Vaquez disease, Osler-Vaquez disease and polycythemia rubra vera) is a neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia (lowered white blood cell count), most commonly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.

Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood.

Hypoalbuminemia (or hypoalbuminaemia) is a medical sign in which the level of albumin in the blood is abnormally low.

Thrombocytopenia refer to a disorder in which there is a relative decrease of thrombocytes, commonly known as platelets, present in the blood.

Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood’s ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired.

Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 4.

Hemosiderosis (AmE) or haemosiderosis (BrE) is a form of iron overload disorder resulting in the accumulation of hemosiderin.

Haemophilia C (also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) deficiency or Rosenthal syndrome) is a mild form of haemophilia affecting both sexes, due to factor XI deficiency.

Epistaxis, also known as a nosebleed, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.

Thrombophilia (sometimes hypercoagulability or a prothrombotic state) is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis (blood clots in blood vessels).

Haemophilia B (or hemophilia B) is a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the factor IX gene, leading to a deficiency of factor IX.

Paraproteinemia, also known as monoclonal gammopathy, is the presence of excessive amounts of paraprotein or single monoclonal gammaglobulin in the blood.

Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by a rickettsial parasite of ruminants, Anaplasma spp.

Haemophilia A is a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII, which causes increased bleeding and usually affects males.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes.

Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood.

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare blood cell disease which is characterized by deposition of fragments of infection-fighting immunoglobulins, called light chains (LCs), in the body.

Neutropenia or neutropaenia, is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood.

Hyperviscosity syndrome is a group of symptoms triggered by increase in the viscosity of the blood.

Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) or Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow dysfunction, skeletal abnormalities, and short stature.

Hemoglobin H disease is a type of alpha thalassemia caused by impaired production of three of the four alpha globins, coded by genes HBA1 and HBA2.

Macroglobulinemia is the presence of increased levels of macroglobulins in the circulating blood.

Pancytopenia is a medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.

No reflow phenomenon is the failure of blood to reperfuse an ischemic area after the physical obstruction has been removed or bypassed.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (or haemolytic-uraemic syndrome), abbreviated HUS, is a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells), acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

The term leukemoid reaction describes an increasedwhite blood cell count, or leukocytosis, which is a physiological response to stress or infection (as opposed to a primary blood malignancy, such as leukemia).

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that can occur as a complication during the treatment of cancer, most commonly after the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias.

Panmyelosis is a form of myelofibrosis.

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease or veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed.

Hyperproteinemia is the state of having overly high levels of protein in the blood.