Co-transport
Type of facilitated diffusion by which 2 substances are simultaneously transported across a membrane by the same carrier protein
Where does co-transport happen
Ileum (small intestine) and kidney nephron
Co-transport process
Glucose and Na+ attach to the same carrier protein in cell membrane. Carrier protein changes shape and deposits both glucose and Na+ into the cell. Na+ are pumped out of the cell, lowering the concentration gradient inside. Glucose leaves the cell through a carrier protein.
Na+K+ pump
Transport protein is present in the cell membrane of all animal cells and is the most important and abundant and important of all membrane pumps
Work of Na+K+ pump
Most complex - simultaneously pumping three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell for each molecule of ATP split
Cytosis
Process is active transport where parts of the plasma membrane form infoldings or outfoldings
Exocytosis
Bulk transport of molecules, too large to pass through a cell membrane even via channel or carrier proteins, out of a cell.
Endocytosis
Bulk transport of molecules, too large to pass through a cell membrane even via channel or carrier proteins, into a cell
Phagocytosis
Type of endocytosis where large solid particles or small organisms are taken into a cell. Phagocytes also engulf microbes this way
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis where liquids are taken into a cell
Endocytosis process
Phagocytosis - solid substances/sometimes whole organisms are taken into a cell through infolding of the surface membrane. Pinocytosis - Process is similar to phagocytosis, but infoldings in the membrane are much smaller. Liquids or large micromolecules are taken in through small vesicles
Exocytosis process
Opposite of endocytosis - vesicles and vacuoles move towards surface membrane, fuse with it, and release their content outside the cell