substrates
nutrients ingested from food in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
bioenergetics
chemical pathways of the cell that convert the substrates into energy
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions in the body
what is the definition of a calorie?
measure of the amount of heat needed to raise 1g of water by 1 degrees celsius
how is energy released?
when chemical bonds are broken
carbohydrates are converted into ____ that is transported through the blood to all ___________ __________
glucose
body tissues
under resting conditions, glucose is stored in the ______ and ______ as _________
muscles
liver
glycogen
the only energy source used by brain tissue are __________
carbohydrates
why is fat less readily available for cellular metabolism?
must be broken down from a triglyceride to glycerol and free fatty acids
what is the only component of fat used to form ATP?
free fatty acids