Population distribution
The pattern of human settlement, how people are spread across the earth
Population density
The measure of average population per square mile/kilometer, how crowded an area is
Midlatitudes
Regions between 30° and 60° north and south of the equator
Social stratification
The heirarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/or ethnicity
Arithmetic population density
Calculated by dividing a regions population by its total area
Phisiological population density
Calculated by dividing population by amount of arable land
Carrying capacity
The population an area can support without significant environmental deterioration
Arable land
Land suitable for growing crops
Agricultural population density
Calculated by the number of farmers to an area of arable land
Redistricting
Boundary adjustments based off of population
Infrastructure
The facilities and structures that allow people to carry out their typical activities
Overpopulation
More people than an area can support
Age-sex composition graph/population pyramid
Used to show age and gender data
Cohorts
Age groups
Birth deficit
Slow down of births
Baby boom
Once hostilities end and peace resumes, birth rate spikes
Baby bust
Birth rates lower until "boomers" reach childbearing age
Echo
Increase that reflects earlier boom
Potential workforce
People ages 15-64 that are expected to be society's labor force
Dependent population
People under 15 or above 64 that are dependent on the workforce to keep society running
Dependency ratio
The comparison between dependent population and potential workforce
Demographic balancing equation
Used by geographers to describe the future population of a region at any scale (future pop = current pop + (number of births - number of deaths) + (number of immigrants - number of emigrants))
Immigrants
People who move to a country
Emigrants
People who move out of a country
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Number of live births oer year for every 1000 people
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children born per woman aged 15-49 in that country
Life expectancy
Average number of years a person lives
Infant mortality
The number of children who die before their first birthdays
Crude death rate
Deather per 1000 population
Arithmetic growth
Constant increase each period (addition)
Exponential growth
Constant increase each period (multiplication)
Population doubling time
Time it take to double the population
Demographic transition model (DTM)
shows 5 typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize
Demographic momentum
the ratio of the size of the population at that new equilibrium level to the size of the initial population
High stationary (1)
High fluctuating birth rate, high but fluctuating death rate
Early expanding (2)
High but fluctuing, rapidly declining
Late expanding (3)
Decreasing, slower decline
Low stationary (4)
Low, low
Declining (5)
Falls below death rate, low sometimes increasing
Epidemiological
Predictable stages in diseases and life expecency that countries esperience as they develop by Abdel Omran
Malthusian Theory
Malthus' ideas about population growth that agriculture grows at one rate and population grows faster
Overpopulation
When a population becomes unsupportable
Boserup theory
The more people there are, more hands to work
Neo-Malthusians
People who still accept his fundamental premise as correct today
Antinatalist policies
No more babies, attempts to decrease the number of births in a country
Pronatalist policies
More babies, attempts to increase birth rate
Demographic balancing equation
Total population +/- natural increase +/- net migration = balanced population
Total fertility rate
Average number of children per woman lived through child bearing years