Flashcards: Antidotes

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), is a medication used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus such as in cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Bemegride (also marketed as Megimide) is a central nervous system stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning as its chemoreceptor agonism increases mean tidal volume, thereby increasing respiration and the concentration of O2 in blood although it may be theoretically used as a supportive measure in treating any depressant overdose.

Amyl nitrite is a chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO.

Dimercaprol (INN), also called British anti-Lewisite or British antilewisite (abbreviated BAL), is a medication for chelation therapy in metal toxicity, including heavy metal poisoning.

Atropine is a medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings, some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

Ethanol /ˈɛθənɒl/ (EtOH), also commonly called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.

Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), also spelled sodium thiosulphate, is an inorganic compound that is typically available as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3·5H2O.

Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride,) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or methiodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase.

Methylene blue (CI 52015), also known as methylthioninium chloride, has many uses in biology and chemistry; for example, it can be used as a stain and as a medication.

Naloxone, sold under the brandname Narcan among others, is a medication used to block the effects of opioids, especially in overdose.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also known by , is an aminopolycarboxylic acid and a colourless, water-soluble solid.

Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.

2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (abbreviated DMPS) and its sodium salt (known as Unithiol) are chelating agents that form complexes with various heavy metals.

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement.

Physostigmine (also known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.

Trimedoxime bromide (INN), also known as dipyroxime or TMB-4, is an oxime used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.

Fomepizole or 4-methylpyrazole is indicated for use as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.

Bromhexine is a mucolytic (expectorant) agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus.

Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788) is a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist primarily available by injection only.

Nalorphine (INN) (brand names Lethidrone, Nalline), also known as N-allyl-normorphine, is a mixed opioid agonist–antagonist with opioid antagonist and analgesic properties.

4-Dimethylaminophenol (abbreviated in medical practice as DMAP) is an aromatic compound containing both phenol and amine functional groups.

Methyl nitrite is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3ONO.

Avizafone (Pro-Diazepam) is a water-soluble prodrug of diazepam.

Oxilorphan (INN, USAN) (developmental code name L-BC-2605) is an opioid antagonist of the morphinan family that was never marketed.

Deferasirox (marketed as Exjade, Desirox, Defrijet, Desifer, Rasiroxpine...) is an oral iron chelator.

Deferoxamine (also known as desferrioxamine B, desferoxamine B, DFO-B, DFOA, DFB or desferal) is a bacterial siderophore produced by the Actinobacteria Streptomyces pilosus.

The chemical compound ethyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite.

Butyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite made from n-butanol.

BIMU-8 is a drug which acts as a 5-HT4 receptor selective agonist.

Nalodeine, also known more commonly as N-allylnorcodeine, is an opioid antagonist (specifically, an antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor) that was never marketed but is of notability in having been the first opioid antagonist to have been discovered.

Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin (both from Silybum, the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin, and others.

Obidoxime is a member of the oxime family used to treat nerve gas poisoning.

Idarucizumab, sold under the brand name Praxbind, is a monoclonal antibody designed for the reversal of anticoagulant effects of dabigatran.

Diacetylnalorphine (BAN) is an opioid drug described as an analgesic and antidote which was never marketed.

Atipamezole (brand name Antisedan, Pfizer) is a synthetic α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, indicated for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs.

Amiphenazole (Daptazile) is a respiratory stimulant traditionally used as an antidote for barbiturate or opiate overdose, usually in combination with bemegride, as well as poisoning from other sedative drugs and treatment of respiratory failure from other causes.

The compound cyclohexyl nitrite is an organic nitrite compound, with formula C6H11ONO.

The chemical compound isopropyl nitrite (or 2-propyl nitrite) is an alkyl nitrite made from isopropanol.

SCH-50911 is a selective GABAB antagonist.

The drug combination prednisolone/promethazine is an antidote for snake bites.

Deferiprone (tradenames include Ferriprox) is a drug that chelates iron and is used to treat iron overload in thalassaemia major.

Andexanet alfa (PRT064445, PRT4445) is a drug under investigation as a potential antidote for factor Xa inhibitors, a group of anticoagulant (anti–blood clotting) drugs that includes rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban.

Ciraparantag (INN/USAN, or aripazine) is a drug under investigation as an antidote for a number of anticoagulant (anti–blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban), dabigatran, low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin.

Asoxime chloride, or more commonly HI-6, is a Hagedorn oxime used in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.

Nantenine is an alkaloid found in the plant Nandina domestica as well as some Corydalis species.

Sulfanegen is an experimental antidote for cyanide poisoning.

Uridine triacetate is a drug used in the treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria and to treat patients following an overdose of chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, or in patients exhibiting early-onset, severe or life-threatening toxicity affecting the cardiac or central nervous system, and/or early-onset, unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., gastrointestinal toxicity and/or neutropenia) within 96 hours following the end of 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine administration.