Flashcards: Amino acid derivatives

Aspartame (APM; /ˈæspərteɪm/ or /əˈspɑːrteɪm/) is an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.

Agaritine (AGT) is an aromatic, antiviral, hydrazine-derivative mycotoxin and IARC Group 3 carcinogen that occurs in mushroom species of the genus Agaricus.

Trimethylglycine (TMG) is an amino acid derivative that occurs in plants.

N-Acetylaspartic acid, or N-acetylaspartate (NAA), is a derivative of aspartic acid with a formula of C6H9NO5 and a molecular weight of 175.

Tricine is an organic compound that is used in buffer solutions.

Lisinopril is a drug of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class used primarily in treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and after heart attacks.

Hippuric acid (Gr. hippos, horse, ouron, urine) is a carboxylic acid found in the urine of horses and other herbivores.

Valaciclovir (INN) or valacyclovir (USAN) is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex, herpes zoster (shingles), and herpes B.

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), is a medication used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus such as in cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Coprine is a mycotoxin.

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) is an amino acid derivative used in several metabolic pathways in most organisms.

N(6)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML), also known as N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, is an advanced glycation endproduct (AGE).

(S)-3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine or DHPG is a potent agonist of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) mGluR1 and mGluR5.

Polylysine refers to several types of lysine homopolymers, which may differ from each other in terms of stereochemistry and link position.

Remacemide is a drug which acts as a low-affinity NMDA antagonist with sodium channel blocking properties.

Tetrazolylglycine (Tet-Gly, LY-285,265) is a potent and selective NMDA receptor agonist, stimulating the NMDA receptor with higher potency than either glutamate or NMDA.

Tryptophan tryptophylquinone(TTQ) is an enzyme cofactor, generated by posttranslational modification of amino acids within the protein.

WAY-213,613 is a drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the glutamate transporter subtype EAAT2, selective over other glutamate transporter subtypes and highly selective over metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors.

N-Methylphenethylamine (NMPEA), a positional isomer of amphetamine, is a naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulator in humans that is derived from the trace amine, phenethylamine (PEA).

Nopaline is a chemical compound derived from the amino acids glutamic acid and arginine.

4-Fluoro-L-threonine is an antibacterial made by Streptomyces cattleya.

L-Photo-Leucine is a synthetic derivative of the L-Leucine amino acid that is used as its natural analog and is characterized for having photo-reactivity, which makes it suitable for observing and characterizing protein-protein interactions (PPI).

Fructose-asparagine is a glycosylamine compound that is used during Salmonella-mediated inflammation of the intestine.

4-(γ-Glutamylamino)butanoic acid is molecule that consists of L-glutamate conjugated to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Aceglutamide (INN, JAN) (brand name Neuramina), or aceglutamide aluminum (JAN, USAN) (brand name Glumal), also known as acetylglutamine, is a psychostimulant, nootropic, and antiulcer agent that is marketed in Spain and Japan.

Acivicin is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Aspartylglucosamine is a derivative of aspartic acid.

Brivanib alaninate (INN/USAN) also known as BMS-582664 is an investigational, anti-tumorigenic drug for oral administration.

Nitrosoproline is a nitroso derivative of the amino acid proline.

Fenclonine, also known as para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), acts as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin.

Glutaurine is a chemical compound which is an amide formed from glutamic acid and taurine.

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.

L-Arginine ethyl ester or LAE is an alternative supplement form of the conditionally-essential amino acid arginine bound to an ethyl ester.

Methylselenocysteine, also known as Se-methylselenocysteine, is an analog of S-methylcysteine in which the sulfur atom is replaced with a selenium atom.

2-Oxohistidine is a form of histidine damaged by reactive oxygen species.

Ciraparantag (INN/USAN, or aripazine) is a drug under investigation as an antidote for a number of anticoagulant (anti–blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban), dabigatran, low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin.

Glycocyamine (or guanidinoacetate) is a metabolite of glycine in which the amino group has been converted into a guanidine.

Acetylleucine is a drug used in the treatment of vertigo.

O-(2-Fluorethyl)-L-thyrosine or 18F-FET is an neuro-oncologic PET tracer.

Oxaceprol is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Tiopronin (trade name Thiola) is a prescription thiol drug used to control the rate of cystine precipitation and excretion in the disease cystinuria.

Cilastatin is a chemical compound which inhibits the human enzyme dehydropeptidase.

DCPG ((S)-3,4-DCPG) is a drug used in scientific research, which acts as a potent and subtype-selective agonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR8.

DDAIP is a pharmaceutical ingredient added to topical products to increase penetration through the skin.

Ombrabulin was an experimental drug candidate discovered by Ajinomoto and further developed by Sanofi-Aventis.

N-Methyl-L-glutamic acid (methylglutamate) is a chemical derivative of glutamic acid in which a methyl group has been added to the amino group.

Hadacidin, and hadacidin analogues, have anticancer activity and activity against adenylosuccinate synthetase.

Citiolone is a drug used in liver therapy.

Octopine is a derivative of the amino acids arginine and alanine.

Orthanilic acid (2-aminobenzenesulfonate) is a biological acid with roles in benzoate degradation and microbial metabolism in diverse environments.

Fructoselysine is an Amadori adduct of glucose to lysine.

N-Methylornithine is an amino acid with the formula CH3N(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.

Dibromotyrosine is an antithyroid preparation and a derivative of the natural amino acid tyrosine.

Argpyrimidine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C11H18N4O3.

(Not to be confused with β-Hydroxybutyric acid.) β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (hydroxymethylbutyrate, HMB), is a naturally occurring metabolite in humans that is used as an ingredient in medical foods and sold as a dietary supplement.

Topaquinone (TPQ) is a redox cofactor derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine (also known as γ-glutamylcysteine) is a precursor of glutathione.

Benzylmercapturic acid is a minor metabolite of toluene in humans.

Milacemide (INN) is an MAO-B inhibitor and glycine prodrug.

Thiorphan is the active metabolite of the antidiarrheal racecadotril (acetorphan).

Carglumic acid is an orphan drug, marketed by Orphan Europe under the trade name Carbaglu.

Biocytin is a chemical compound that is an amide formed from the vitamin biotin and the amino acid L-lysine.

Lymecycline is a tetracycline broad-spectrum antibiotic marketed by the pharmaceutical company Galderma.

Aminohippuric acid or para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), a derivative of hippuric acid, is a diagnostic agent useful in medical tests involving the kidney used in the measurement of renal plasma flow.

N-Formylmethionine (fMet) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.

N-Acetylglutamic acid (abbreviated NAcGlu) is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase.

Acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine.

Carbocisteine (INN), also called carbocysteine (USAN), is a mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily.

Valganciclovir, sold under the brandname Valcyte among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus infections.

Eflornithine (α-difluoromethylornithine or DFMO) is a drug found to be effective in the treatment of facial hirsutism (excessive hair growth) as well as in African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

Salicyluric acid is the glycine conjugate of salicylic acid and is the primary form in which salicylates are excreted from the body, via the kidneys.

Alanosine (also called SDX-102) is a substance that is being studied for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Nocardicin A is a β-lactam antibiotic included in the monobactam subclass.

CPHPC (R-1-[6-[R-2-carboxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-oxo-hexanoyl] pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a proline-derived small molecule able to strip amyloid P (AP) from deposits by reducing levels of circulating serum amyloid P (SAP).