tubules
Where is the concentrations of drugs typically the highest?
local ischemia and ATP depletion increase ROS/inflammation; cellular necrosis
What are the causes of Intrinsic tubular damage? (2)
impair cell metabolism; inflammation
Ischemia can _______ and increase _______.
cast formation, interstitial inflammation, backleak into vessels
What are the effects of cellular necrosis? (3)
b
Which medication increases ROS & inflammation?
a) aminoglycosides
b) cisplatin
c) Protease Inhibitors
d) amphotericin B
alter cell permeability which disrupts calcium regulation; increasing ROS
How do Anti-viral protease inhibitors cause Intrinsic AKI?
d
Which medication causes the influx of Na+ into cells and disregulates calcium?
a) aminoglycosides
b) cisplatin
c) Protease Inhibitors
d) amphotericin B
a
Which builds up in lysosomes and causes them to burst?
a) aminoglycosides
b) cisplatin
c) Protease Inhibitors
d) amphotericin B
the number of cationic groups
What causes aminoglycosides to be toxic?
b
Which is more nephrotoxic?
a) Tobramycin
b) Neomycin
complex with polyanionic compounds- dextran sulfate/hexasulfate, raise pH- bicarbonate/ca supplement, use derivatives w less binding
How can we prevent AG accumulation? (3)
protease inhibitors, sulfonamides, calcineurin inhibitors, methotrexate, triamterene
Which medications cause crystal formation & tubule damage? (5)
tacrolimus, cyclosporine
What are the Calcineurin inhibitors? (2)