Climate change
attributed mostly to the changes in temperature, changes in precipitation, sea level rise and the melting of ice and snow in the Northern hemisphere
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC
62.7%
damages incurred to agriculture sector by Climate change
463 billion
economical damage due to extreme weather events over the past decades
Land, Labor, Capital
factors of production
Small and fragmented farm land
Growing rural population - attributed to the declining farm sizes
republic act 6657, august 10, 1988
CARP republic act
Comphrehensive aggrarian reform program
aggravated the fragmentation of farm land
Rampang coversion of arable land
attributed to the slow growth of the agricultural sector • country’s arable land estimates at 12.44 million ha
Declining manpower in agriculture
diminishing farm size and declining relative income incentivized the shift out of number of workers in agriculture
Limited capital resources
62% (estimates) of small farmers and fisherfolk able to borrow from formal sources (Galang 2020). • a significant proportion of other small farmers and fisherfolk resorted to self finance
Because of lesser processing time, minimal documentary requirement, and timely release of the loan
why did farmers resort to informal lender
Due to high interest rate, long processing time, and a collateral or a guarantor requirement
why did farmers resort self finance
Geographical location
Philippine - one of the world’s most natural disaster-prone countries • due to its vulnerability to high incidence typhoons, floods, landslides and droughts • coastal communities dependent on fisheries and aquaculture - vulnerable to rising sea levels, storm surges, and saltwater intrusions • lead to the destruction of aquatic resources
Lack of post harvest facilities
• crop losses of farmers are mostly due to postharvest losses • largely attributed to poor private and public investment in infrastructure • This includes: • lack of storage facilities • equipment to inhibit losses due to pests and natural deterioration
Limited connectivity
• Lack of quality rural transport (i.e., farm-to-market road) → discourages farmers from increasing production • Lack of access to information on production technologies → limits the adoption by farmers of new and value-adding technologies
Natural resources degradation
• expansion of agricultural lands → attributed to the declining forest cover and biodiversity • Anthropogenic threats to fisheries