Flashcards: Abnormal psychology

Visual release hallucinations, also known as Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS), is the experience of complex visual hallucinations in a person with partial or severe blindness.

Paraphrenia is a mental disorder characterized by an organized system of paranoid delusions with or without hallucinations (the positive symptoms of schizophrenia) without deterioration of intellect or personality (its negative symptom).

Paranoia is a thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.

Paranoid schizophrenia, schizophrenia, paranoid type is a sub-type of schizophrenia as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV code 295.

An adjustment disorder (AD) — sometimes called exogenous, or reactive, or situational depression — occurs when an individual is unable to adjust to or cope with a particular stress or a major life event.

Self-harm (SH), also known as self-injury, is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue, done without suicidal intentions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as just Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time.

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear.

Splitting (also called black-and-white thinking or all-or-nothing thinking) is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both positive and negative qualities of the self and others into a cohesive, realistic whole.

Hoarding is a general term for a behavior that leads people or animals to accumulate food or other items during periods of scarcity.

Black bile (Greek: µέλαινα χολή, melaina chole), also lugubriousness, from the Latin lugere, to mourn; moroseness, from the Latin morosus, self-willed, fastidious habit; wistfulness, from old English wist: intent, or saturnine, was a concept in ancient and pre-modern medicine.

Kleptomania or klopemania is the inability to refrain from the urge to steal items and is done for reasons other than personal use or financial gain.

Hypersexuality is a clinical diagnosis used by mental healthcare researchers and providers to describe extremely frequent or suddenly increased sexual urges or sexual activity.

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of understanding of others' feelings.

Passive-aggressive behavior is the indirect expression of hostility, such as through procrastination, stubbornness, sullen behavior, or deliberate or repeated failure to accomplish requested tasks for which one is (often explicitly) responsible.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), also known as dissocial personality disorder (DPD) and sociopathy, is a personality disorder, characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others.

Compulsive hoarding, also known as hoarding disorder, is a pattern of behavior that is characterized by excessive acquisition and an inability or unwillingness to discard large quantities of objects that cover the living areas of the home and cause significant distress or impairment.

Dissociative disorders (DD) are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), also known as non-epileptic attack disorders (NEAD), are events resembling an epileptic seizure, but without the characteristic electrical discharges associated with epilepsy.

("Emotional disabilities" redirects here. For other uses, see Emotional disability.) A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a diagnosis by a mental health professional of a behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, or other threats on a person's life.

Psychomotor agitation is a set of signs and symptoms that stem from mental tension and anxiety.

Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.

Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) or schizotypal disorder is a mental disorder characterized by severe social anxiety, paranoia, and often unconventional beliefs.

A pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) is one of the three autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and also one of the five disorders classified as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD).

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as simply depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.

Macropsia (also known as megalopia) is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the person to feel smaller than they actually are.

The affective spectrum is a spectrum of affective disorders (mood disorders).

Grandiosity refers to an unrealistic sense of superiority—a sustained view of oneself as better than others that causes the narcissist to view others with disdain or as inferior—as well as to a sense of uniqueness: the belief that few others have anything in common with oneself and that one can only be understood by a few or very special people.

Other specified feeding or eating disorder or OSFED is the DSM-5 category that replaces the category formerly called Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) in DSM-IV, and that captures feeding disorders and eating disorders of clinical severity that do not meet diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), pica, or rumination disorder.

The Ulysses syndrome (sometimes abbreviated as USyn) is a set of chronic psychosocial symptoms experienced by migrants facing chronic stress as a result of their migration.

Emotional detachment, in psychology, can mean two different things.

An intrusive thought is an unwelcome involuntary thought, image, or unpleasant idea that may become an obsession, is upsetting or distressing, and can feel difficult to manage or eliminate.

Clouding of consciousness, also known as brain fog or mental fog, is a term used in medicine denoting an abnormality in the regulation of the overall level of consciousness that is mild and less severe than a delirium.

The causes of schizophrenia have been the subject of much debate, with various factors proposed and discounted or modified.

Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is an eating disorder that does not meet the criteria for: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating.

A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder, defined by a persistent fear of an object or situation.

A delusion is a belief that is held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary.

Patricia Janak is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University who studies the biological basis of behavior through associative learning.

The effects of genocide on youth include psychological and demographic effects that affect the transition into adulthood.

The Traumatology Institute (Canada) is an international mental health consulting and training organization focused on after trauma care located in Toronto, Canada.

Psychasthenia is a psychological disorder characterized by phobias, obsessions, compulsions, or excessive anxiety.

The differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) includes various types of medical and psychological conditions, which may be misdiagnosed as AN.

Psychosexual disorder is a term which may simply refer to a sexual problem that is psychological, rather than physiological in origin.

A self-disorder, also called ipseity disturbance, is a psychological phenomenon of disruption or diminishing of a person's sense of minimal (or basic) self.

Zero stroke or cipher stroke was an alleged mental disorder, reportedly diagnosed by physicians in Germany during the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic (1921–24).

Psychotic depression, also known as depressive psychosis, is a major depressive episode that is accompanied by psychotic symptoms.

The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy, is a key aspect of psychiatry and other mental health professions and an important issue for people who may be diagnosed.

Psychomotor retardation (also known as "psychomotor impairment" or "motormental retardation") involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual.

(For further information, see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the 2013 update to the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) classification and diagnostic tool.

Morton Henry Prince (December 21, 1854 – August 31, 1929) was an American physician who specialized in neurology and abnormal psychology, and was a leading force in establishing psychology as a clinical and academic discipline.

Acute stress reaction (also called acute stress disorder, psychological shock, mental shock, or simply shock) is a psychological condition arising in response to a terrifying or traumatic event, or witnessing a traumatic event.

Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.