how many functional groups do organic compounds usually have
one or more
what is a functional group
an atom/group of atoms in an organic compound that determines the chemical and physical properties of the compound
what are arenes
organic compounds that contain a benzene ring
chemical property of arenes (1)
due to delocalised electron-ring are electron-rich and can undergo electrophilic attack by strongly positively charged
chemical properties of arenes (2)
resistant to addition reactions because the delocalised electron-ring system makes benzene very stable
arenes are very different from
alkenes
how are alkenes very different from arenes
alkenes are very reactive and undergo additional reactions while arenes are stable and undergo electrophilic attack
physical properties of arenes (1)
benzene has Van der Waal dispersion forces of attraction between molecules and so have a low boiling point
physical properties of arenes (2)
insoluble in water due to the nonpolar hydrocarbon part
what would need to happen in order for benzene to become soluble and why doesn't it
benzene should break the hydrogen bonds in water which is not energetically feasible
what are halogenoarenes
aromatic compounds that contain a halogen bonded to a benzene ring
what are halogenoarenes also known as
aryl halides
chemical properties of halogenoarenes (1)
prone to electrophilic attack due to the pi-ring
chemical properties of halogenoarenes (2)
halogens can take part in substitution reactions
physical properties of halogenoarenes (1)
chloro-, bromo-, and iodo- benzene are all liquid with an oily texture at rtp
physical properties of halogenoarenes (2)
boiling point increases if the halogen size increases due to an increase number of electrons