takes place in inner membrane, only during AeR

e^- flow down ETC

H atoms dissociate from NADH, FADH₂ & split to H⁺, e^- > inner membrane impermeable, H⁺ remains in matrix > NAD, FAD regenerated for reuse > e^-transferred down ETC of series of progressively lower energy levels via redox to final e^- acceptor, O₂

Chemiosmosis

e^- passed down carriers in ETC > energy released, used to pump H⁺ via active transport from matrix across inner membrane into intermembrane space > H⁺ accumulates, electrochemical/proton gradient set up for ATP synthesis > H⁺ diffuse through ATP synthase into matrix, flow of H⁺ releases energy driving phosphorylation of ADP>ATP

Learn: H2 Biology 24 - Respiration