EOC Review Packet #3
Biomolecules Comparison Chart
Organic molecules are based on
CARBON.
• Use the chart in the packet comparing the
following biomolecules in the venn diagrams:
Carbohydrates & Lipids
SUGARS,
STARCHES,
CELLULOSE
CHITIN
Used for
energy and
structure
CHO
ENERGY
Fats, oils,
phospholipids
waxes and
Steroids
Used for cell
membranes
Nucleic Acids & Proteins
DNA & RNA
Store and
transmit
genetic
information
CHONP
CHONPS
CHON
Amino acids
Enzymes
Used to
build and
repair
Carbohydrates & Proteins
CHO
SUGARS,
STARCHES,
CELLULOSE
CHITIN
Used for
energy and
structure
CHONPS
Amino acids
Enzymes
Used to
build and
repair
Nucleic Acids & Lipids
CHONP
DNA & RNA
Store and
transmit
genetic
information
CHO
Fats, oils,
phospholipids
waxes and
Steroids
Used for cell
membranes
Label these Structures
Nucleotide/Nucleic Acid
Monosaccharide/carbohydrate
Amino Acid/Protein
Triglyceride/
Lipid
3 Protein to amino acids
2 They are complex molecules made from
smaller molecules.
• Which compounds present in insects are
composed of the amino acids that provide the
Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their
nitrogen?
A. Proteins
C. Sugars
B. Carbohydrates
D.fats
• Which compounds present in insects are
composed of the amino acids that provide the
Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their
nitrogen?
A. Proteins
C. Sugars
B. Carbohydrates
D. Fats
Identify the stages of Mitosis
• A. Prophase
• B.
Metaphase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Telophase
• E. Cytokinesis
Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to both
each other and the parent cell due to the complementary
rule.
Describe what is happening at each
phase of the cell cycle
• G1 – cell performs regular
processes. If the cell gets
too large, then…
• S – DNA replicates
• G2 – cell gets ready to
divide
• Mitosis – nuclear division
• Cytokinesis – divison of
the cytoplasm
DNA Replication
A
B
C
A. Nucleotide
B. DNA strand
C. New DNA strand
Semiconservative Model
of DNA replication shows that
each new DNA molecule has one
original and one new strand
due to original strand serving
as a template for the new
strand (complementary rule).
Protein Synthesis
• Describe the purpose
and process of
transcription and
translation.
Transcription – a copy of
the gene is coded in
mRNA
Translation – the mRNA is
read by the ribosome
and a protein is made.
A
2
Genetics – Punnett Squares
A
MEIOSIS:
• Explain why there is only
half the number of
chromosomes in the
resulting gametes:
Reduction division – the cell
goes through 2 rounds of
division. DNA doesn’t
replicate before the 2nd
round so by the end the
number of chromosomes is
reduced by half.
Genetic Recombination
Examine the process of genetic recombination which occurs during
prophase I of meiosis. In your own words explain what and how
recombination occurs.
Chromosomes cross over and pieces break off and combine
with the homologous chromosome.
How does genetic recombination lead to diversity within a species
population?
Mixes up the genes on the chromosomes into new
combinations.
4
2
4
Modern Genetics:
• What is the name of the
figure to the right? What is
the name of the
abnormality in the circle?
Karyotype
• During which process did
this abnormality result in,
mitosis or meiosis?
Meiosis
• How did this abnormality
occur?
Nondisjunction (failure of
chromosomes to separate
during meiosis I or II)
• What is the name of the
figure to the left?
DNA fingerprint
• How is this figure used?
Identifies individual since
each DNA fingerprint
is unique to that
individual (exception is
identical twins)
• Which suspect left the
DNA at the crime scene?
How do you know?
2 because it matches the
• What is the name of the figure to
the left? Pedigree
• Are the males carriers of this
disease or is it passed on to them?
Can’t be carriers; passed on
• Explain how this is a x-linked
disease:
Males have the disorder because
they only inherit 1 X
chromosome.
• Why did only one son become
affected and the other did not?
50/50 chance each conception
3
Types of Mutations: Identify as deletion,
inversion, duplication, or translocation
DELETION
TRANSLOCATION
INVERSION
DUPLICATION
1
EVOLUTION
• Explain how adaptive
radiation is a mechanism of
natural selection:
Environment favors
phenotypes that give
organisms an advantage.
Those best adapted to the
environment survive to
reproduce passing on their
genes to the next generation
Each generation better
adapted to the environment
then the one before.
A. Compare homologous to
analogous structures.
Analogous – no recent closely
related relative. Different
structure, same function.
Homologous - recent closely
related relative. Same
structure , different
function.
B. Which structures share a
recent closely related
ancestor?
homologous
How does embryological evidence support the
theory of evolution?
Right after conception, all vertebrates start out looking
very similar. The more closely related, the longer they
look alike.
3
3
What is occurring in each graph?
• 1. Either end of the
spectrum is favored.
• 2. The mid-range of the
spectrum is favored.
• 3. The range of the
spectrum shifted from
smallest to the largest.
2
• From the following list of common and Latinized
names determine which pair represents the two
most closely related plants.
• broad bean
Vicia faba
• castor bean
Ricinus communis
• kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
• potato bean
Apios americana
• scarlet runner bean Phaseolus coccineus
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
broad bean and castor bean
castor bean and kidney bean
kidney bean and scarlet runner bean
scarlet runner bean and castor bean
potato bean and broad bean
C
Dichotomous Key on Norns
1. Has pointed ears .................................... go to 3
....Has rounded ears ....................................go to 2
2. Has no tail ............................................. Kentuckyus
....Has tail .................................................. Dakotus
3. Ears point upward .................................... go to 5
....Ears point downward ..............go to 4
4. Engages in waving behavior ............................. Dallus
....Has hairy tufts on ears
..........................................Californius
5. Engages in waving behavior .............................
WalaWala
....Does not engage in waving behavior....................go
to 6
6. Has hair on head .............................................
Beverlus
....Has no hair on head (may have ear tufts) .......go to 7
7. Has a tail ............................................. Yorkio
....Has no tail, aggressive ............................ Rajus
Identify the names of
the two norns below by
using the dichotomous
key to the left.
Beverlus
Dallus
Describe how viruses and bacteria are similar:
•Describe the importance of antibiotic treatment and the
failure of its effectiveness: Antibiotics kill bacteria but
overuse leads to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
•How is this similar to chemical pesticide resistance in
plants? Same thing happens with pesticides and insects.
•How does resistance to treatment affect particular
populations in terms of survival of the fittest and species
continuation or depletion? Those best adapted survive to
reproduce - Leads to resistant strains of bacteria.
2
3
1