Important Peace
Treaties from European
History.
What was the Peace Treaty that
established Catholic and Lutheran
religions in Germany according to
ruler of the region?
The Peace of
Augsburg 1555.
• This peace established that the ruler’s
religion sets the religion for that area.
• It also made clear that any ruler who converted
to Lutheranism was not allowed to then make
his region Lutheran.
• This was a great victory for Protestants! It
was official recognition of the newly arrived
Lutheran church
• But, it would make German more
fragmented.
What was the Peace Treaty that
ended the Thirty Years War?
Treaty of Westphalia,
1648.
• Continued terms of Augsburg (1555) but with
Calvinism added to Lutheranism as officially
accepted religions.
• The extensive Holy Roman Empire was dissolved—
the Dutch and Swiss were now separate, Lorraine
went to France, territory went to Sweden. The
mouth of the Rhine was now controlled by Dutch.
• The Treaty maintained independence and
Sovereignty of 300 separate German States.
Germany was fragmented and wrecked by the war.
• This was the last great war over religious issues.
What was the Peace treaty
between the Austrian Empire
and Ottoman Empire?
Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699.
• This treaty helps to end the Turkish
invasions of Eastern Europe
• Last great incursion was during the
Siege of Vienna 1683. Vienna is
rescued by Eugene of Savoy and Jan
Sobeiski of Poland.
Name the Treaty that ended
the War of Spanish
Succession--
Treaty of Utrecht, 1713
The Victors are those who allied
against Louis XIV’s armies.
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Spain’s dominions are broken up and dispersed:
Gibraltar and Minorca (island) goes to British.
Sardinia goes from Spain to Italy (Piedmont)
The Spanish Netherlands (today’s Belgium) goes to
the Austrian Netherlands.
• Spain does retain South America.
• In Canada, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia go to
Britain.
• British greatest winners at the treaty.
How about the Treaty that
ended the Seven Years
War?
Treaty of Paris 1763.
• French give to British all territory
East of the Mississippi—Canada is
now controlled entirely by British
• Prussia gets to keep Silesia—
Prussia emerges as a strong
German State.
And what about the Treaty
that ended the American
Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris,
1783
•Britain also signed separate agreements with France,
Spain, and the Netherlands which had been negotiated
earlier.
•The colonies of East and West Florida were ceded to
Spain, and Spain also reclaimed the island of Minorca,
while the Bahamas Islands and St. Kitts were returned
to Britain.
•The treaty with France largely reinforced earlier
treaties, guaranteeing fishing rights off Newfoundland.
And can you name the six
month Peace talks that ended
the Napoleonic Wars?
Congress of Vienna, 1815
• British retain possessions and make significant
gains in India.
• Holland and Belgium united into Netherlands
to form barrier against France
• Prussia takes left side of Rhine river to “stop”
France aggression.
• Bourbons restored to thrones of France and
Spain.
• German nationalism was ignored.
• New Poland is created under Alexander of
Russia.
This Treaty got Russia out
of World War I.
Treaty of BrestLitovsk, December 3, 1917.
• Lenin promises Peace, Land and Bread and
wants to end the War to consolidate Bolshevik
power.
• Russia gives up Poland, Ukraine, Finland and
the Baltic Provinces.
• Lenin believes that Germany will eventually
be defeated and they will get some of the land
back.
• With this peace agreement, Germany sends its
soldiers to the Western Front to continue
fighting against the Americans who arrived in
May 1917.
Famous Treaty held after World
War I
Treaty of Versailles,
1919
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Wilson’s fourteen points seen as idealistic
Alsace Lorraine returned to France.
Germany cannot have troops in Rhineland
Germany loses all its colonies in Africa and
Indonesia.
War damages to be paid to France and Belgium.
Germany forced to give up fleet, merchant marine
ships, make coal deliveries, and give up all property
owned by German citizens abroad.
Germany must sign a war guilt clause accepting
responsibility for the war.
New independent staes of Finland, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
A cordon sanitaire is created to buffer Europe from
the newly communist Russia.
Can you name the
Peace Talks at the end
of World War II?
Potsdam, July 1945
• Germany divided into zones of
occupation by British, French, Americans
and Russia
• Germany disarmed and de-militarized.
• De-nazification process and war trials to
be held
• Reparations from Germany to all zones,
but additional reparations to be given to
Russia from the three Western Zones.
• Cold War begins.
European integration is at present based
on four founding treaties:
•The Treaty of Paris, establishing the
European Coal and Steel Community, which
was signed on 18 April 1951, entered into
force on 23 July 1952 .
The Treaty establishing the
European Atomic Energy
Community (Euratom)
Also, the Treaty establishing the
European Economic Community
(EEC), which was signed - along
with the Euratom Treaty - in Rome
on 25 March 1957, and entered into
force on 1 January 1958.
These two Treaties are often
referred to as the "Treaties of
Rome.”
•The Treaty on European
Union, signed in Maastricht
on 7 February 1992, entered
into force on 1 November
1993. It changed the name of
the European Economic
Community to simply "the
European Community“
•This is the Treaty that set the
goal of a common currency.