Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders (anxiety, affective, or eating disorders) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnOJgDW0 gPI#aid=P9W4M9Qh3VY

Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders
• Prevalence is a statistical concept in medicine (or psychiatry). It refers to the percentage of individuals within a population who are affected by a specific disorder either currently or during their lifetime.
Prevalence rates change cross-culturally and between genders.

Symptoms
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Fatigue or loss of energy
• significant weight loss or gain
• loss of appetite
• headaches, and pain
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• difficulties concentrating
• negative attitudes towards the self, the world and the future .
• (Feelings of guilt and worthlessness seem to be symptoms that are primarily experienced in
Western cultures).
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Distress and sadness
• loss of interest in the world.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Disturbed sleep patterns
• self-destructive behavior (suicidal thoughts)
• avoidance of social company.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

Prevalence of Major Depression
• The National Comorbidity Study
(1994) found that prevalence for lifetime major depression in the
USA was 17.1%.
• The National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) in the USA found that lifetime prevalence of depression was 16.6% with 13.2
% for males and 20.2 for females
(Kessler et al. 2005).
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

EATING DISORDER: BULIMA NERVOSA
Symptoms
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Nutritional deficiencies and hormonal changes could lead to
– disturbances in the menstrual cycle
– Fatigue
– digestive problems
– Tooth decay
– muscle cramping.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders
• Distorted body image
• low self-esteem
• sense of lack of control during binge-eating episodes

Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Fear of becoming fat
(fat phobia)
• body dissatisfaction
• depressed mood.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Self-starvation in combination with recurrent binge eating episodes and compensatory behavior such as vomiting and misuse of laxatives to avoid weight gain.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Fairburn and Beglin (1990) found that bulimia nervosa affected between
1 and 2 % of young women in the USA and the
UK.
• APA (2000) estimated 1–
3% of young adult females to have Bulimia.
• The disorder occurs much less frequently in men.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• People who have anorexia have an intense fear of gaining weight.
• They severely limit the amount of food they eat and can become dangerously thin.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Starts earlier than bulimia (teens compared to early twenties)
• It may start as dieting, but it gets out of control.
• You think about food, dieting, and weight all the time.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

People with anorexia may severely limit the amount of food they eat. Or they eat and then make themselves throw up.
Other behaviors include:
• Cutting food into small pieces or moving them around the plate instead of eating
• Exercising all the time, even when the weather is bad, they are hurt, or their schedule is busy
• Going to the bathroom right after meals
• Refusing to eat around other people
• Using pills to make themselves urinate (water pills or diuretics), have a bowel movement (enemas and laxatives), or decrease their appetite
(diet pills)
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• Early treatment can be very effective.
• But if not treated early, anorexia can become a lifelong problem.
• Untreated anorexia can lead to starvation and serious health problems, such as bone thinning, kidney damage, and heart problems.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

• The biggest challenge in treating anorexia nervosa is helping the person recognize that he or she has an illness.
• Most people DENY
• Goals of treatment are to restore normal body weight and eating habits.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders