Startup: Week 3
• Weekly Quiz! You have 5 min. to
study…
– What’s on the quiz?
• Blood Vessels
• Blood flow through the hearts
• Review your outline and notes from
last week!
• Checking Outline 37-2!
• We have a lab this week, please do not
miss a day!
Why do we study the
cardiovascular system?
I. Disorders of the blood
A. Anemia (a reduction in bloods ability to
carry oxygen)
1. Cause by: lack of iron, reduce RBC formation,
excessive bleeding or it can be genetic
(Thalassemia)
2. Symptoms: lack of energy
3. Treatment: dietary adjustments or drugs
B. Leukemia
1. Caused by an uncontrollable production of
immature leukocytes.
2. Symptoms: Inability to fight off infection
3. Treatment: Bone marrow transplants, radiation
and chemotherapy
C. Hemophilia and Sickle-Cell Anemia
1. Genetics
II. Disorders of the Blood Vessels
A. Varicose Veins
1. Cause - valves in the veins fail and blood
over
stretches the veins
2. Symptoms - large protruding veins, painful
3. Treatment - surgery or injections to collapse
smaller ones.
4. Prevention – exercise, don’t cross legs over
knees.
** Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the
rectum.
B. Aneurysm
1. Hereditary, artery wall is weakened.
2. Symptoms - none!
3. Treatment - immediate surgery
III.Cardiovascular Disease
A. Kills over 1 million Americans a year!
B. Most common form is Coronary Heart Disease
1. Cause
a. Slow build up of fatty plaque (atherosclerosis)
along the walls of the coronary arteries
b. Reduced blood flow to heart leads to a heart attack
2. Diagnosis
a. Outward symptoms of a heart attack
•
•
•
•
•
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pain in chest and left arm
cyanosis of lips
nausea and a cold sweat
dizziness
shortness of breath
denial!!!
IV. Cardiovascular Disease
b. Lab Tests
1.
2.
Exercise EKG
Angiogram
a. A small tube is inserted into an artery of pelvis and worked
into the aorta
b. Dye is injected into the artery
c. A fluoroscope will show where the dye goes
d. Blocked arteries don’t show up
3. Treatment
a. Coronary bypass surgery
1. Remove a vein from the leg
2. Graft the vein to the aorta and an unblocked portion
of the artery.
3.
Treatment (cont.)
b. Angioplasty
1. A small tube with a balloon at the end is inserted
into an artery in the leg.
2. The tube is manipulated into the block artery of
the heart.
3. The balloon is inflated.
4. The fatty plaque is smashed up against the
artery wall
5. Sometimes a stint is placed in the artery to keep
the artery open
C. Stroke (The interruption of blood flow to
the brain)
1. Causes
a. Blood clot
b. Atherosclerosis
c. An aneurysm
D. Risk Factors associated with Heart
Disease (Check your parents!)
1. age
2. gender
3. genetics
4. diets high in fat (hyperlipidemia)
5. high blood pressure
6. smoking
7. stress
8. alcohol
9. obesity
10.inactivity
Startup: Risks of Heart Disease
• Please write this in your notebook directly after
your last page of notes (no need to start a new
page).
• Step 1: Write down verbatim, “The risks of heart
disease that I know are…”
• Step 2: Complete the sentence with as many
risks factors as you can of heart disease (there
are 10). There are no wrong answers!
• If you can come up with 6 risk factors that are on
my list of 10, you get +1. +5 if you can name all
10. I will give you one, “Age”.
Heart Pressure Lab
• Today: Learn to take blood pressure
and pulse.
• Thursday: Experiment
• Friday: Results and graph
• Assessment: 2-3 typed lab report.
Heart Rate & Blood Pressure
Lab
•
What is Heart Rate?
– The number of times your heart
beats in a minute
•
How to measure Heart Rate
1. Position the patient’s arm wrist-up
2. Place your index and middle finger
on the patient’s wrist on the
thumb-side of their hand
3. Feel for a pulse
4. Count the number of beats in a
60-second period
Heart Rate & Blood Pressure
Lab
• Systolic Pressure (Higher #)
– Reading of pressure while the heart is
beating (contracting)
– Normal is around 120
• Diastolic Pressure (Lower #)
– Reading of pressure while the heart is
resting (between beats)
– Normal is around 80
– Expressed as 120/80
Heart Rate & Blood Pressure
Lab
How to measure Blood
Pressure:
Tools:
1. Sphygmomanometer
2. Stethoscope
Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Lab
•
How to measure Blood
Pressure
1.
Place cuff around patient’s arm just
above elbow
2.
Inflate cuff just enough to cut-off
circulation
3.
Place stethoscope just under cuff
on inner elbow
4.
SLOWLY release cuff pressure
5.
Listen for heartbeat. When it
starts, the reading on the gauge is
the Systolic BP, when it stops the
gauge reading is the Diastolic BP
Design your experiment for homework.
• What activities will increase or
decrease blood pressure?
Startup: What increases or
decreases blood pressure?
• Copy the title of the startup directly
underneath yesterday’s startup in
the front of your notebook!
• If you do not have the startup from
yesterday, copy from a neighbor and
you still get a stamp!
• Make a T-Chart of a list of
behaviors/activities that increase or
decrease blood pressure!
Class Business
• Club Olympian Today!! If you missed
anything this week, come to Club Olympian
or come to do your homework for the week!
• +5 HP if you come to Club Olympian
• Today we are doing a B.P. Lab
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We will be in groups of 4!
Elect one person to be a team leader!
One person to be the doctor!
One person to be the lab rat!
One person to be recorder!
Startup: Risk Factor Survey
Do the following in the front of your
notebook below your previous startup.
• Complete the survey for everyone at your table
including yourself!
• Count 1 point for each Yes, 0 for no.
• Count 1 point if you are male!
Name
Do you Do you Are you
smoke? have
overweight
stress? ?
Do you
exercise
?
Are you
male?
Classroom Business
• Take home survey for homework!
• Outline 37-3 Due and Workbook next week!
• Quiz on Monday will be..
– Review of Risks of Heart Disease
– How to take blood pressure/pulse
– Key Concepts from 37-3
• No school NEXT Friday
• Your lab report will be due Week 5.
• Next week is 4, no late assignments after week
4.
Today’s Business
• Finish B.P. Lab
• THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO FINISH!
• At the end of class you need to have finished
taking data. We worked in groups to take the data
but everyone needs their own data samples for
their own lab report!
• You will have two weeks to finish the lab report!
(Report should be 2-3 pages and include graphs,
introduction, and conclusion). You will be given a
rubric next week and we will go over the outline of
your report!