e
AAP Open Ebook Standards Initiative
Recommendations Summary
22.01.2001
Presenter:
Robert Bolick, McGraw-Hill Professional
bob_bolick@mcgraw-hill.com
Table of Contents - Overview
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Publishers’ Next Steps
1
Over the past year, the AAP has defined a strategy for ebook
market success and has now established standards in
targeted areas to help build a mass market.
Overall Program Approach
Define
Strategy
11/99 – 3/00
Mobilize
Effort
3/00
Establish ongoing
standards governance
Develop Standards
5/00 – 11/00
Ongoing
Today
 Begin process of implementing
numbering and metadata
standards
 Utilize DRM recommendations
Completed
2
Table of Contents - Numbering
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Toward Ongoing, Coordinated Governance
The Road Map for Success: Overview
3
The emergence of electronic content creation and distribution
presents new requirements for book numbering systems.
Selected New Requirements for Book Numbering
What Is It?
Why Important?
Unique
 Identifies a given digital object
uniquely and unambiguously
 Required to locate digital content
accurately
Persistent
 Permanent regardless of its location
or the information associated with it
 Supports distributed information so
important to Internet businesses
Granular
 Allows identification of objects nested
within other objects
 Enables creation of new products
based on combinations of digital
objects
Infinite
 Provides for the generation of an
unlimited number of identifiers
 Eliminates limitations inherent in
earlier numbering systems
Extensible
 Allows for the addition of new
features or uses at a later date
 Encourages innovation within the
ebook market
4
A DOI-based ebook numbering standard meets these needs
and works with the ISBN so that investments for easy
coordination with legacy systems are protected.
Digital Object Identifier Structure
 The DOI prefix starts with “10” to distinguish it
from other implementations of the Handle
System*
Prefix
Suffix
10.9999
9999999999.99
Registration
Agency
Assigned
Object Identifier
Illustrative
 The “9999” component of the prefix is assigned
by a registration agency that ensures unique
numbers
 The DOI suffix can be any alphanumeric string
chosen by the registrant (i.e., publisher)
Publisher
Assigned
(Could be ISBN)
 The recommended suffix format will be
“Node1.Node2…NodeN” where
- Node1 = ISBN (or other std. Identifier)
- Node2 = Component number
- Node3 = Sub-component number
- Node4 = Sub-sub-component number
* The Handle System is a comprehensive system for assigning, managing, and resolving persistent identifiers, known as "handles," for digital objects and other resources on the Internet.
5
Numbers can be assigned to portions of an ebook, enabling
new book products and business models.
DOI Numbering of Book Elements
Prefix
10.9999
Suffix
Intellectual
Property
9999999999.99.9999
Object Identifier
ebook
10.1111
10.1111
Hard cover
1234567890
Chapter 1

Illustrative
Chapter 2
Paper
back
Other
Manifestations
Chapter 3
1234567890.12
Before beginning to assign DOIs to ebooks and ebook components each publisher or publishing unit
should establish its own policy for setting the syntactic maps for the DOI suffix. Publishers must:
 Decide for a given work what the smallest piece of content it is you are likely to want to sell
 Understand the structure of the work and translate that into a syntactical map for the DOI suffix.
 Estimate per node the likely number of saleable components
6
A flexible catalog system will link individual ebook identifiers
to content generally located in multiple locations.
DOI Resolution - Illustrative Example
5a
4a
User could be routed
to a metadata sheet
(or a web site, etc.)
which could indicate
formats available
Activated DOI
User could be enabled
to do something else
such as select the
format desired
4b
The
ebook
Title
Author
…
Available in
PDF, LIT, RBK
by
Scott
.LIT
3
DOI
User could be
routed to a digital
object rendered in
a specific delivery
format
DOI returns
location
DOI System
1

User takes some
action (e.g.,
‘clicks’) on the DOI
2
DOI
TYPE
Location
10.1111/0446603589
RBK
www.PublisherA.com/…rbk
10.1111/0446603589
LIT
www.PublisherA.com/…lit
10.1111/0446603589
PDF www.PublisherA.com/…pdf
DOI System ‘looks
up’ where to
resolve the request
An activated DOI may be displayed in numerous and various locations and ways: online catalog, the copyright page, as part of
a reference in another electronic work, behind an icon or the title of the ebook, etc.

There are Resolution options. The publisher may choose to have the user resolve to:
•
•
•
4a
4b
5a
a Metadata sheet where the user could possibly select a specific format
directly to a specific format of an ebook
or to any other location (e.g., vendor web site, etc.).
This is enabled by a set of parameters which would be included
with the string that is passed to the resolution system
7
Table of Contents - Metadata
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Toward Ongoing, Coordinated Governance
The Road Map for Success: Overview
8
The metadata team has identified three types of metadata:
Discovery, Core and Private Metadata that are needed to
support the ebook market.
Recommended Metadata Types
Type
Characteristics
Discovery
Metadata
 Provides the information necessary to help consumers locate and
purchase desired titles
 Includes information such as: title, author, cover image, ebook
description, author bibliography
 Located in e-tailer catalogs, and intended for public consumption
Core
Metadata
 “Kernel” data that is part of the ebook package
 Enhances consumers’ experience by supporting features such as
cataloging and digital libraries
 Intended for public consumption by users of ebook reading devices
Private
Metadata
 Private data not intended for public consumption, but necessary to
enable the book selling process
 Includes rights specification, format information and return metadata
9
Discovery Metadata is based on ONIX, the international
standard for metadata. The first release was created for paper
books only.
ONIX
 Created to provide “rich” product information to online booksellers
 ONIX provides the ability to define more than 100 distinct types of metadata
including title, author, book identification, subject, etc.
 ONIX is based on XML
Sample Record
<Product>
<RecordReference>1234567890</RecordReference>
<ISBN>0816016356</ISBN>
<Contributor>
<PersonNameInverted>Schur, Norman W</PersonNameInverted>
<BiographicalNote>A Harvard graduate </BiographicalNote>
</Contributor>
<Product>
 For more information visit http://www.editeur.org and download ONIX
10
Extending ONIX to support ebooks provides an easy way for
information to be transmitted to service providers .
Recommended Ebook Discovery Metadata Fields
Ebook Product
• Filesize
• Filesize Unit Code
• Approximate Page Count
• Distributor
• Replaced-By Product
Format Code
• Audience Code Details
• Other Text Type Code
• Referring ISBN
• Referring ISBN Product
Form Code
Ebook Product
Components
• Product Form Code
• Product Form Source
Code
• Contained Component
Identifier
Ebook Format
• Ebook Software
• Ebook Software
Description
• Format Edition
Statement
11
Ebook Usage
Rights
• Usage Rights
Code
• Usage Rights
Code Type
• Usage Rights
Description
• Rights Country
Ebook Version
Information
• Version Number
• Ebook Software
Version Number
For Future ONIX
Releases
• Work ID
• Copyright Holder
• Ancillary Texts
Core Metadata, data that is displayed on ebook reading
devices for cataloging and digital libraries, is not collected
using a standardized format.
Core Metadata Example
ABOUT THIS TITLE
Title:
Coffee
Author: John Doe
ISBN: 123456789
Description: This book
contains everything you need to
know about coffee...
12
Core Metadata
We recommend using a subset of ONIX as a guideline for what
metadata can be bundled with the ebook content to enhance
the user experience with their reading device.
Two Types of Core Metadata Fields
“Strongly Suggested” Fields
Fields to Use for Further Identification
and Description of the Content:
Additional fields that may enhance a
reader’s use and experience if provided on
the software/device:
Serves to enhance the user experience by
enabling features like cataloging and
digital libraries:














Product Numbers
Series Information
Set Information
Title
Subtitle
Contributor Role
Contributor
Edition
Approximate Pages
Publisher
Imprint
Publishing Dates
On Sale Date
Approximate Filesize











13
Language
Illustrations
Subject
Audience
Territorial Rights
Other Text
Images/Audio/Visual
Website
Prize
Currency
Recommended Retail Price ISBN
Private Metadata, however, is not being standardized as
requirements are currently too dynamic to recommend a
comprehensive, adoptable standard.
Private Metadata Recommendations
 Format-specific information and rights specification language are
not currently being standardized. In the near term, multiple ebook
formats and DRM solutions will exist resulting in multiple
requirements.
 Return metadata is not being standardized now. There is a wide
variety in the type of metadata and the relationships developed to
obtain and share sales information as well as data provided by
consumers. What information is collected will be determined by
industry participants.
 As interoperability in the eBook market evolves, opportunities to set
standards in the above areas should continue to be explored
14
Table of Contents - Digital Rights Management
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Toward Ongoing, Coordinated Governance
The Road Map for Success: Overview
15
Digital rights management (DRM), the tools and techniques
that secure digital content, provides a foundation of trust
between author and consumer.
The eBook Market Model
Can I trust that I will be
properly compensated
for the content I
create?
Can I trust that this
content is authentic and
that my privacy will be
protected?
Information Flows
eBooks
Compensation
(Financial & Information)
16
The trust foundation provides a number of key benefits
to both content providers and consumers.
Key DRM Benefits
 Identification of parties to the transaction
and source(s) of the content
 Secure ebook distribution
 Controlled content access
 Verification of authenticity
 Appropriate collection/protection of
consumer data
17
DRM consists of a number of technical elements
which should be balanced with initiatives in other areas
to increase the protection DRM provides.
DRM Domains
Technical
 Legislation
 Compliance
 Investigation
 Enforcement
Legal
 Rights specification
 Encryption
 Authentication
 Packaging
 Accessibility
Social
Business
 Value Proposition
 New Business Models
18
 Expectations
 Mores
 Education
While there are many companies and organizations focused
on DRM, at this early stage of the market, there are no
generally accepted standards for DRM.
DRM Industry Participant* Input
bn.com
Glassbook
IBM
Adobe
Open eBook
Forum
Working
Groups/
Reciprocal
PREVIEW
SYSTEMS
EBX
Working Group
OverDrive
NuvoMedia
* Representative sampling of some industry participants consulted
NetLibrary
19
Intertrust
Lightning
Source
Magex
Despite the lack of standards, publishers can use
“simulated interoperability” to simultaneously support
multiple DRM and content file formats.
Near-Term DRM Scenario
The
eBook
by
Scott
Publishing
Step
OEB
PDF
LIT
RB
Other
• Ebooks are distributed
to the selling step in
multiple formats
Selling
Step
• Consumer acquires
the eBook in the
format and DRM
appropriate for her
reading device
DRM A DRM B DRM C DRM D DRM E
RB
PDF
• Publishers create
ebooks in multiple
formats either using
in-house capabilities
or a service bureau1
LIT
Exchange
Step
DRM A DRM B DRM C DRM D DRM E
• Consumer can transport the
eBook to a new reading
device or give/lend the book
• Exchange step either
translates the eBook format or
enables DRM-controlled key
exchange as appropriate
1 • Distribution file formats may be different than retail file formats
• Publishers may choose to limit distribution formats to reduce production costs while
supporting multiple retail formats to maximize available markets
20
The
eBook
by
Scott
With simulated DRM interoperability, consumers can
experience content without being hampered
by the formats used.
Today’s Multiple DRM Scenario
Consumer 1
eBook
Source
“.XYZ”
format
Rdr A
 Multiple DRM systems required
 Multiple file formats supported
DRM “A”
 Complex support requirements
Key
DRM “B”
 Increased costs
“.123”
format
Rdr B
 Limited user interoperability
Consumer 2
21
Ultimately, elements of DRM can be standardized to achieve
increased interoperability which benefits consumers.
DRM Standardization Framework
What Is It?
Why Important?
Rights
 Vocabulary for expressing ebook
Specification
rights permissions
Language
Electronic
Package
Control
File
Formats
 Enables ebook business
models under DRM protection
 Encryption and packaging technology  Provides secure ebook content
to support the DRM system
storage and transmission
 Specifications for storing ebook
content and rendering it on a reading
device
 Key element to enable
interoperability between reading
ebook devices
 Protocols and interfaces that allow
 Inter-DRM communication
Trust
one DRM system to establish “trusted”
reduced implementation costs for
Infrastructure
communications with another
industry participants
22
A standardized rights specification language will allow
industry participants to pursue a variety of new business
models under DRM security.
Desirable Rights Management Features
Reading
Authenticate
View or Play
Print
Copy
Changing
Delete
Extract
Sharing
Lend
Specification Options
Export
Edit
Transfer
Install
 Multiple distribution models
Imbed
Keeping
Backup
Uninstall
Restore
 XML-based tagging
 DRM program interface
23
Standardized electronic package controls will enable
a variety of devices to unwrap and open ebooks
regardless of the original formats.
The Ebook Electronic Package
Electronic Package
Content
<Table of Contents>
<Text>
<Graphics>
<Audio>
<Video>
Trust
Infrastructure
Metadata
 Number(s)
 Usage Rights
 Marketing Info
 Other Data
24
 Content “logically”
separate from metadata to
increase flexibility
 Multiple content types and
file formats supported
 Core Metadata located
with package, other
metadata can be located
elsewhere
 Standardized encryption
used to secure both
content and metadata in
package
Interoperable file formats will improve publishers’ efficiency in
creating and maintaining ebooks.
Ebook File Formats Today and Tomorrow
Today, there are
requirements to
support multiple
formats
Adobe
“PDF”
Microsoft
“LIT”
Tomorrow,increased
interoperability of file
formats means less
cost and complexity
Microsoft
“DOC”
Standard
Format
“A”
Rocket
Book
“RBF”
Adobe
“PSC”
Internet
“HTM”
Reciprocal
“NFF”
Palm
Pilot
“PRC”
25
Standard
Format
“B”
Internet
“XML”
MS-DOS
“RTF”
 Lower technical support
 Less editing / proofing
 Simpler computer systems
 Fewer process errors
Standardized elements of DRM systems will allow them
to intercommunicate, enabling true interoperability.
Tomorrow’s Standard Scenario
 Industry standard DRM elements
Consumer 1
Ebook
Source
DRM
Standards
 Industry standard file format
(.ISF)
Rdr A
 Enhanced interoperability
achieved
“.ISF” format
 Consumer support simplified
Rdr B
 Reduced costs
Consumer 2
26
Simulate DRM interoperability in the near term while working
with AAP and the open ebook standards organization to develop
DRM standards facilitating true interoperability.
Key DRM Recommendations
 Adopt a balanced approach to DRM that includes technical, social and legal dimensions
 Determine new ways to add value to publisher-sourced content so that it is more valuable
than unauthorized versions
 In the near-term, simulate interoperability by simultaneously supporting the DRM and file
formats needed to meet market needs
 Over the longer-term work with AAP and the open ebook standards group to develop
DRM standards needed for true interoperability
- Participate in AAP’s Enabling Technologies Committee to refine publisher-specific
DRM recommendations
- Actively contribute to the open ebook standards organization working groups focused
on DRM
27
Table of Contents - Publishers’ Next Steps
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Publishers’ Next Steps
28
The AAP Enabling Technologies Committee will coordinate the
development of publisher-specific standards related to
ebooks.
AAP Enabling Technologies Committee Design
aap
Preliminary
 AAP-led committee continues development
of publisher-specific standards
recommendations and requirements
Enabling Tech. Comm.
• “Voice of the publisher”
 Committee is staffed by volunteers from
AAP membership
• Develops publisher-specific standards and
requirements
 Committee oversees publisher-specific
working group projects, and a subcommittee will participate in the open
ebook standards group
• Staffed by 1 AAP and several publisher
volunteers
Publisher-Specific Working Group Projects
 Working groups meet at AAP or publisher
locations at frequency determined by the
teams and AAP
 Committee will meet with other industry
participants to discuss issues
29
Publishers can take next steps with guidance from the AAP
work just completed.
Immediate Next Steps
 Review the AAP recommendations for ebook
standards and make plans to implement
http://www.publishers.org/home/ebookstudy.htm
 Assign individual(s) to work with AAP’s Enabling
Technologies Committee to develop publisher-specific
ebook technology requirements
 Contact Open Ebook Forum regarding participation in
standards development
http://www.openebook.org
 Launch initiatives to select technology for pilot
programs
30
Thanks.
For further information:
emccoyd@publishers.org
bob_bolick@mcgraw-hill.com
Table of Contents
AAP Open Ebook Standards Project Overview
Numbering - A New DOI Based Standard for Ebooks
Metadata - Extensions to ONIX, the Existing Standard
Digital Rights Management - Publisher Recommendations
Ebook Standards - Toward Ongoing, Coordinated Governance
35
In May, the AAP and seven sponsoring publishers came
together to create open ebook standards that benefit all
industry participants.
AAP Ebook Standards Project
Project Leadership
Sponsoring Publishers
 HarperCollins
 Holtzbrinck
 Houghton Mifflin
 McGraw-Hill
 Pearson
 Random House
 Thomson Learning
Peter Jovanovich
Chair
Bob Bolick
Larry Klein
Richard Sarnoff
Accenture Support
Metadata Team
Liisa McCloy-Kelley
- Random House
Accenture Support
Numbering Team
Bob Bolick - McGraw-Hill
DRM Team
Larry Klein - Pearson
Accenture Support
Accenture Support
Communications Team
Kathryn Blough - AAP
Accenture Support
36
Ed / Professional Team
Nettie Douglas - Thomson
Accenture Support
The project deliverables will help create an environment that
works for all consumers.
Ebook Usability Goals
 Finding ebooks will be enjoyable and efficient
 Buying ebooks will be secure and private
 Reading ebooks will be comfortable and enjoyable
 Storing ebooks will be safe and convenient
 Disposing of ebooks will include flexible options
37
These standards help create an environment where it is easier
and more comfortable for publishers and authors to get into
the market.
Benefits to Publishers and Authors
 Common language for describing content (metadata standard) enables fast and
reliable exchange of marketing data among rights holders, distributors, sellers and
readers
 Flexible numbering system that easily identifies granular content but links to legacy
systems such as ISBN
 Coordination of publisher-specific recommendations to guide development of DRM
technology that works for all industry participants
 AAP leadership of publisher-specific recommendations through the AAP Enabling
Technologies Committee
 Coordinated development of future standards in open ebook standards group with
publishers positioned to provide direction in critical areas
38
This work is widely regarded as laying the groundwork for a
vibrant ebook market.
Ebook Project Messages
 Publishers have come together to make it easier for consumers to find
and use ebooks
 We are laying the groundwork for making more ebooks available by
making it easier and more comfortable for publishers and authors to
get into the market.
 Our work encourages reading and experiencing content in new ways;
anytime, anywhere, and on any device. ‘Experiencing’ content refers
to using additional features such as audio, video, links, and
interactivity.
39
Publishers can act now to implement a new digital object
numbering standard for all ebooks.
Key Numbering Recommendations
 Implement a new numbering standard based on DOIs for all ebooks
 Use the DOI in conjunction with the ISBN (or EAN, UPC, ISSN) for legacy purposes.
 Assign and register one ISBN and one DOI to cover all renderings of an ebook
 Include the ISBN and DOI in the ONIX metadata
 Indicate the ebook’s available rendering (e.g., PDF, LIT, etc.) in the ONIX metadata
 Establish a policy for setting the syntactic maps for the DOI suffix
 Resolve the user to a metadata sheet or use parameter passing to support resolution
to specific renderings
 Assign DOIs to saleable pieces of ebooks by extending the ebook DOI via the use of
nodes
40
Each publisher or publishing unit should establish its policy
for setting the syntactic maps for the DOI suffix.*
Numbering ‘Next Steps’
 Determine, for a given work, the smallest subcomponent to be offered to the reader, estimate
the number of them in the work, and work up from this to the syntactic map for the DOI suffix.
 Decide on the approach to handling format identification: a) the AAP/Accenture primary
recommendation of parameter passing or b) the AAP/Accenture alternate recommendation for
assigning a DOI and ISBN to every rendering of every saleable component.
 Decide to what the DOI is expected to resolve and ensure that the metadata records are
prepared accordingly.
 As each piece goes into the digital asset management (DAM) system or Production, assign a
DOI to it and note, if necessary, that component's place in the work's sequential structure.
 As each piece goes into the DAM system or Production and the DOI is assigned, create the
core ONIX metadata record for that piece. That core metadata record is the same record one
will need when the DOI is registered with a Registration Agency.
 Each publisher will have to determine their parameter set for each ebook, and register with a
DOI Registration Agency, including how the resolution system would handle each type specific
resolution request (e.g., URL addresses). This will require that product databases include all
the ONIX-compliant codes so that info about different formats, different distributors, usage
rights, etc., are communicated to DOI Registration Agency when registered.
* These are intended to be 'preliminary' guidelines with which to get started, but your Editorial, Production, and Systems staffs
can contact the AAP's Enabling Technologies Committee to ensure that they obtain the latest guidance.
41
It may be helpful to walk through some basic examples.
General Illustrative Examples (ISBN
Prefix
10.9999
Registration
Agency
Assigned
= 1234567890)
Suffix
 10.1111/ISBN - This reflects the simplest
situation: a whole ebook, intended to be sold
only as the whole.
9999999999.99
Object Identifier
 10.1111/ISBN.1 - This reflects one of the
simplest situations: one saleable chapter in a 10chapter book (0-9), where the publisher does not
intend to sell any element smaller than a chapter.
Publisher
Assigned
(Could be ISBN)
 10.1111/ISBN.01 - This reflects an ebook with as
many as 100 individually saleable chapters (0099).
42
Questions?
43
Metadata, descriptive information about a book’s content and
characteristics, is created and used throughout the life of a
book. It helps readers find and learn about ebooks, as well as
organize their own libraries of ebooks.
Ebook Market Process Model
Create and
Publish
Market and
Distribute
Metadata
created and
used to catalog
ebook
information
Metadata used
to help market
to booksellers
and distributors
Sell to
Consumer
Metadata helps
consumers find
and evaluate
potential
purchases
44
Consume
Content
Metadata
provides
additional text to
augment reading
experience
Support
Consumer
Publishers’ ability to manage metadata and consumers’ ability
to enjoy ebooks is enhanced through the metadata standards.
Potential Metadata Benefits
 The process by which metadata is collected and distributed is
simplified
 Requirements for inefficient “one-to-one” arrangements between
publisher and metadata receiver (e.g., e-tailer) are reduced
 Ebook metadata accuracy is improved, reducing consumer confusion
 Ability to search metadata is enhanced, supporting consumers’ ability
to find ebooks
 Ebook device features such as “cataloging” and “digital libraries” are
enabled, enhancing the consumer experience
 The metadata can help communicate information about new ebook
products and services that are created, such as selling book sections
and superdistribution
45
To promote the adoption of metadata standards, the following
next steps should be followed when utilizing ONIX for
Discovery Metadata.
Discovery Metadata Next
Steps
 Identify resources to understand the ONIX International Standard
 Determine what metadata fields in ONIX to complete
(Note: Core Metadata should be the minimum set of information defined)
 Map ONIX to existing systems
•
Include “translation tables” to store code mappings to internal systems
•
Determine how to use new ONIX Ebook extensions
 Select an option to implement ONIX:
•
Modification of current systems to be ONIX compliant
•
On Site translation of current in-house data Into an ONIX record
•
Off Site (3rd party) translation of current in-house data Into an ONIX record
 Coordinate “ONIX Readiness” schedules with each vendor to confirm date when
ONIX will be accepted
 Test ONIX feed with vendors
 Supply ONIX feed for both paper and electronic books
46
Questions?
47
In addition, the following next steps should be followed when
utilizing ONIX for Core Metadata.
Core Metadata Next Steps
 Use Core Metadata as the minimum amount of metadata that should
be captured for an ebook.
 Adopt Core Metadata for use with all service providers in the creation
of an ebook.
 Create the Core Metadata feed
•
Extract Core Metadata from Discovery Metadata feed for use by service
providers
•
Send the entire Discovery Metadata feed for service providers
Note: Core Metadata should never be modified once it is linked to the content.
48
Individual publisher plans should be derived from strategies
to create new content offerings enabled by DRM technology.
DRM Roadmap
DRM
Strategy









Market Entry
Approach
Business
models
Competitive
opportunities
Value
propositions
Service offerings
Required DRM
features


Sourcing
Plan
Implementation
Plan
Partnership
options
In-house options
Economic
dynamics of
each option
Required
sourcing








Experimentation
Evolutionary
ebook program
Revolutionary
ebook
transformation
Required
investment
levels
Impact to
existing
production
systems
Prerequisite
changes
Integration
Testing
Training
Planning
contingencies
File Formats


Market
penetration by
device
Device format
support
Interoperability



Execute
Plans





Pilot programs
“Friends and
family” program
Full roll out
Monitor results
Evaluate market
penetration and
customer
satisfaction
49
Interoperability
needs at
consumer,
publisher and
bookseller
Options
Necessary
Interoperability
features
Technology



Develop
Standards


Participate in
AAP technology
initiatives
Contribute to
standards
development
through open
ebook standards
organization
Current product
features and
benefits
Enabling
technologies
Standards
compliance
Iterate

Iterate through
this roadmap as
market
conditions
change
Questions?
50
Many standards initiatives are underway within industry
and trade organizations, but these efforts should be focused
toward common goals.
Current and Desired Standards Landscape
Open
eBook
Forum
AAP
Technolog
y Group
ONIX
XrML User
Group
Open
Ebook
Standards
Electronic
Book
Exchange
OPIMA
Int’l. DOI
Foundation
Open DRM
Book
Industry
Study
Group
51
An effective governance process is needed for ongoing
stewardship of the new standards and to create needed
standards for DRM interoperability.
Recommended Governance Process
Standards Requirements
DRM Infrastructure
Working Group
DRM Rights Language
Specification Working Group
AAP
Metadata
Standards
Ongoing Metadata Standards
Working Group(s)
AAP
Numbering
Standards
Ongoing Numbering Standards
Working Group(s)
AAP DRM
Recommendations
 A standards council, including
publishers and other industry
participants, approves standards
development
 AAP DRM recommendations are an
input and drive DRM working groups
 AAP numbering and metadata
standards are the basis for ongoing
evolution of standards
 Publishers actively participate in
various working groups, along with
other industry participants
 Publishers have opportunity to veto
inappropriate standards proposals
 Harmonized, publisher-endorsed
standards result from the process
Standards Integration
Harmonized,
Integrated
Standards
52
Preliminary
AAP will encourage publisher participation in standards
setting through the Enabling Technologies Committee and an
open standards organization.
Recommended Governance Framework
…and collaborates with open
ebook standards group on
broader standards issues.
AAP-led, publisher-sponsored
working group develops publisherspecific standards recommendations
and requirements...
Enabling Tech. Comm.
• “Voice of the publisher”
• Develops publisherspecific standards and
requirements
• Staffed by 1 AAP and
several publisher
volunteers
Preliminary
AAP Standards Committee
Other
Industry
Participants
Standards Groups Liaison
• Staffed by 1 AAP who
links with industry
standards groups
• Members of Enabling
Tech. Comm. will
participate in the work of
the standards group
Libraries
Book
Distributors
Publisher-Specific Working Group Projects
Publishers
Open Ebook
Standards Group
• Sets unified
ebook
standards
Other
Standards
Bodies
Other
Rights
Holders
Technology
Providers
Book
Sellers
Service
Providers
Notes
AAP working group leader who also sits on the
Global eBook Standards Council
Publisher volunteer who participates in AAP working
group and may also sit on Global eBook Standards Council
53
Non-AAP members representing other standards
groups and industry participants, invited to participate
in AAP committee discussions
AAP will work with an open standards organization to
coordinate development of standards across a broad group of
industry participants.
Recommended Standards Governance Coordination
aap
Standards Groups
Liaison
• Staffed by 1 AAP who
links with industry
standards groups
• Members of Enabling
Tech. Comm. will
participate in the work
of the standards
group
Other
Industry
Participants
Libraries
Book
Distributors
 Liaison between AAP Enabling
Technologies Committee and Open
Ebook Standards Group coordinates
activities
Publishers
Open Ebook
Standards Group
• Sets unified
ebook
standards
Other
Standards
Bodies
Other
Rights
Holders
Technology
Providers
Book
Sellers
Service
Providers
 Open ebook standards group membership reflects broad base of
industry participants on a global basis; including significant rights
holder participation
 Voting rights are determined based on participation in open ebook
standards group activities and sponsorship of the standards body
54
Preliminary
 Liaison participates in standards group
governance and encourages participation
of publishers
 Publishers have ability to “veto”
inappropriate standards, proposals, or
recommendations
 Voting process protections guard against
arbitrary interference with needed actions
 Open ebook standards group
membership includes representation from
multiple industry participants, including
significant rights holder involvement
 Open ebook standards group administers
desired governance process and working
groups
AAP standards oversight committee will establish coordinated
approval of standards by publishers.
Recommended Standards Oversight Committee
Preliminary
 Standards committee directs ongoing standards work
by publishers
AAP Standards Committee
 Committee members participate in the working groups
of the Open Ebook Standards Group
55