What do you recall?
Earth & Space
3 - What is the role of gravity in the formation of our solar
system?
What factors affect the
force of gravity?
How does gravity affect
mass and weight?
Station 3 Answers
Order
Distance from
Sun
Size
Rotational
Period
Revolution
Period
1
mercury
mercury
venus
neptune
2
venus
mars
mercury
uranus
3
earth
venus
mars
saturn
4
mars
earth
earth
jupiter
5
jupiter
neptune
uranus
mars
6
saturn
uranus
neptune
earth
7
uranus
saturn
saturn
venus
8
neptune
jupiter
jupiter
mercury
Station 3 Answers
1) B, weigh less on Mars (less massive)
2) C, more craters on mercury (no weathering,
no tectonics)
3) A, Keplers law orbit faster as they approach
sun (gravity)
4) A, inner planets fewer moons due to sun
gravity
Think about this: role of gravity
6 What factors have caused Earth
to evolve over geological time?
Station 6 Answers
1) TFB crust neither created nor destroyed
2) CB crust destroyed
3) DB crust formed
4) DB seafloor spreading,ridges, rifts, volcanoes
5) TFB shift positions earthquakes no volcanoes
6) CB subduction, trenches,
7) B ring of fire convergent boundaries
8) B deep earthquakes (focus) associated to trenches
9) A alternate polarity (magnetic striping) evidence seafloor
spreading
10) D radiometric dating provides a numerical age of rocks
Station 6 Answers
Evidence for Wegener’s continental drift theory: shape,
fossils, geologic formations, climate (glaciers)
Other disciplines helped modify Wegener’s theory to for the
tectonic plate theory: paleontology (fossils), cartography
(maps), climatology, geology
8 What characteristics are used to
classify stars?
Station 8 Answers
The Sun
Other Stars
color and temperature
yellow, average
red to blue, cooler to hotter
size
medium
many smaller and larger
apparent magnitude
brightest
much less bright
absolute brightness
average
many brighter/dimmer
1) C, distance effects apparent magnitude
2) B, bigger more gravity, more gravity hotter
3) D, sunspots show rotation
4) A, light, solar flares, prominences erupt from surface
Station 8 Answers
12 Describe what happens to
radiant energy once it enters the
Earth's atmosphere.
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•
•
•
•
•
•
UV absorbed by ozone
Some reflected/absorbed
by clouds
Warms Earth unevenly, tilt,
clouds, surface type
Earth warms air above
Warmer air rises -low pressure, "stormy" weather
Cooler air sinks -high pressure, good weather
Different pressures cause wind
Station 12 Answers
1) A, different substances heat/cool at different rates
2) A, water moderates temperatures
3) C, radiation from sun heats earth
4) B/C, earth heat air, conduction, convection, radiation
5) B, hot air (less dense) rises -- low pressure
6) A, pressure differences cause wind (air from high to low)
7) radiation
12) adiabatic cooling
(complex)
8) convection
13) evaporation, downdrafts
9) conduction
(complex)
10) conduction
13 What is the energy source that
drives plate tectonics? Describe
how this energy moves the plates
Heat from core due to pressure,
heat leftover from formation, &
radioactive decay, unevenly
heats mantle above causing
convection currents. Friction
moves plates above
Earth layered by density.
Station 13 Answers
1) Top (cap) represents crust
2) Middle (wax/water) represents mantle
3) Base (light) represents core
4) A, heat’s in core
5) B, heat from mantle to crust by conduction
6) A, convection in mantle/atmosphere similar -- density
7) C, divergent -- ocean rift, seafloor spreading
8) B, convergent ocean/ocean -- volcanic islands
9) A, convergent continental/continental -- mountains
22 Interaction of Earth’s Spheres
Station 22 Answers
1) A, black hotter -- absorbs more energy
2) D, ice like shiny can -- reflects more energy
3) A, Earth absorbs Sun’s radiant energy
4) C, UV rays absorbed by ozone in stratosphere
5) B, clouds reflect radiation
6) C, gulf stream moderates coastal climate (bad question)
7) A, east coasts warm current, west coast cooler currents
8) C, bad question, not a high likelihood on a hurricane on
any specific day
23 What causes change of seasons,
moon phases and tides?
Station 23 Answers
1) B, rotation night/day not seasons
2) D, winter solstice December
3) D, waxing gibbous
4) H, waning crescent
5) lunar eclipse, Earth’s shadow on moon
6) 1st, 3rd quarter -- neap tides (right angles)
7) full/new -- spring tides (aligned)
26 How are objects in outer space
organized?
Station 26 Answers
universe, galaxy, nebula, solar system, stars, planets,
moons, comets
1) C, billions and billions galaxies
2) C, billions and billions stars
3) A, miles short distances < 1 AU
4) C, big jump in distance between inner/outer planets
5) B, nebula several LY across
6) B, Milky Way 100,000 LY across
7) C, Andromeda 2.5 MLY away
8) D, space is empty
28 Describe how rocks change over
time (rock cycle)
Any type of rock
can become any
other type of rock
Station 28 Answers
1) A, more surface area weather faster
2) D, physical weathering (wind, water, plants) all
3) D, sinkholes/caverns* chemical weathering limestone
4) B, limestone to marble, sedimentary to metamorphic
5) bare, more erosion (movement of sand)
6) wind, source of erosion
7) A, sand from weathering and erosion
8) D, reduce erosion -- protect soil, habitats, buildings
9) C, volcanoes -- source of igneous rock, cooling magma
10 D, convergent mountains source of metamorphic rock
* result in Floridan aquifer
What Do You Recall?
Physical Science
Station 1 --Investigating Forces
Do you know your forces? ANSWERS
1--D- Magnetism: The iron filings move around
in the containers (with the magnet) due to
magnetic force. This is a NON contact force,
meaning magnetism is a force that can act at
a distance.
2--A-Friction (or really, drag). The filings move
slower through the water due to friction
(drag), but are still attracted to the magnet.
3--C-Electric Force (static electricity). When
the balloons are charged (electrons are
stolen!), they are unbalanced, so they seek
protons and are attracted to other objects.
4--A-Friction is the only contact force between
friction, gravity, electric, and magnetic.
5--A-The magnetic force was greater than
gravity because the filings stopped traveling
downward with gravity and were attracted by
the magnet.
1- What forces are involved in
making a hot air balloon move?
2 - What happens when the forces acting on the balloon are balanced?
What happens when they are unbalanced?
Station 2--Observing Motion
Forces with causes:
Lift = (D) Hot air balloon;
Weight = (C) Gravity (F= MxA);
Thrust = (B) Push with finger, though this is a
stretch… thrust would be rocket fuel boosters
or engine propelling you forward, or air
moving out of a balloon, propelling you
forward (Newton’s 3rd law). Push with finger
is more APPLIED;
Drag = (A) Friction
1--When the glider is hovering (but not moving),
what forces are balanced? C-Thrust and
Drag AND Lift and Weight. No movement =
Balanced. Constant motion is also balanced-INERTIA!!! 1st Law!!! An object in motion
stays in motion, an object at rest stays at rest
(at same speed in same direction (velocity)
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force!
2--What must happen to begin movement?
...needs thrust to initiate (and counter drag).
**
3--Now that it’s moving, what will happen when
all the forces are balanced? A--It will
continue doing what it was...Inertia.
4--When 2 gliders collide-- B-Net force is
determined by subtracting.
4N
2 N Net force = 2 N
Describe the glider’s speed over time (note the
axis labels!!!).
* Speed is constant until 4 seconds--slope the
same. Then the glider slows (flatter slope),
then it stops. No change in distance over
Station 7 Matter Matters
1--Protons are the identity! 9 protons = F
2--Add a proton? Protons are the identity! =
Ne
3--Neutrons do not affect the element! Varying
numbers of neutrons mean the atoms are
ISOTOPES. = Still Ne
4--Electrons are EXTREMELY small.
5--Families (columns) on the periodic table
share similar properties!
7--Matter Matters --Solid, liquids,
gases
6--A was the
liquid.
7--B Molecules
of a solid are
NOT motionless.
There is a bit of
movement.
8--Liquid to gas is vaporization (evaporation).
Condensation is gas to liquid, deposition is
gas to solid, and sublimation is solid to gas.
7- Matter Matters pH
7 What are some similarities and
differences between elements,
compounds and mixtures?
Pure
Pure
Mixture (separate
by physical means)
Pure
10 --The solar powered race car
*Nicholas, where is my car?? ;)
How should a scientist confirm that
an experiment has good (valid and
reliable) data?
1. Malik and Anthony were testing TWO variables….they had TWO test
variables in ONE experiment. --Width and size (C). This INDEPENDENT
(TEST) Variable was the variable that the experimenters changed ON
PURPOSE, BUT changing TWO variables makes this experiment NOT
valid in the first place.
2. The intended DEPENDANT Variable was the speed of the car (D), as it
relied on the tire size (and width unfortunately).
3. The constant was the SAME material for the tires attached the same
way. Constants are used to be sure that there are no other variables that
could affect the results of the experiment.
4 --The force that slowed the motion was friction (c).
10--Solar powered car
5--Force created by the solar cell was thrust….the POWER
behind the movement.
6--Multiple trials done by the same people is repetition (A).
7--The data shows that the thin big wheels are best (D)--ick.
I don’t like this experiment!!
8--The boys who did the experiment and repeated it several
times gave it to their friends to do. Their results were similar.
This says that the experiment can be REPLICATED (B)!
Others do it and get similar results.
**They could improve their experiment by isolating a test
variable!
11 What are 3 ways that heat can
move from one substance to
another?
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radiation - INITIAL transfer of heat to
anything! through anything (vacuum)
conduction - transferring heat through solids
convection - transferring heat through fluids
from areas of higher temp to
areas of lower temp.
(Heat moves cold does not).
no such thing as cold only
various amounts of heat
•
11--Heat Flows toward cooler
objects.
1--Metal rod heated fastest --conductor!!!
2--Metal rod also cooled the fastest! Conductor (it
lost its heat as the heat moves quickly in and out
of conductors).
3--Yes! The ice GAINED the heat, hence it melted.
Heat moved into the ice, not the cold moving out
of the ice. Heat moves! Cold doesn’t!
4--Transfer of heat through rods (conduction)-solids.
5--Steam moving upward (air circulating) --
11
Radiation is the initial heat transfer. What they
are getting at here is if you held your hand
near the plate that was initially transferring
the heat, that radiation would warm your
hand. If you touched someone’s arm after
that, conduction would transfer that heat.
Convection and conduction are secondary
transfers of energy….Radiation is the initial
transfer. ie., sun warms the swing at the
park (radiation). You sit on it...conduction!
11
7 When adding ice, the boiling water transfers
its heat to the ice, so the overall temperature
drops.
Changes in State--
14 List several physical properties
of matter.
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density *
conductivity *
pH
color
boiling point *
melting point *
mass
Which can identify a
pure substance? *Characteristic Properties!
14 Physical Properties of Matter
Calculate Density!
20 g/mL = 4 g / x mL? This seemed to stump
people. If you are ever not sure how to set
up an equation, put in numbers that you can
easily solve for and think about how you
would solve!
14
Tips-Solvent = means the substance doing the
dissolving (the water in salt water).
Solute = the substance being dissolved (salt in
salt water).
Saturated means dissolved until no more can
dissolve so there is extra! Think Kool-aid
sludge at the bottom.
15 What are some similarities and
differences in light and sound
waves?
Both are forms of energy that move as waves
(characteristics: wavelength, frequency,
amplitude)
Sound requires matter
to compress
Light is slowed (impeded) by matter
18 Describe how energy is
converted from one type to another
in the production of electricity.
Stored potential energy
(coal, water, oil) converted
to mechanical kinetic
energy (spinning turbine)
converted to electrical
potential energy
21 Diagram the electromagnetic
spectrum, label low/high frequencies
and long/short wavelengths.
27 Compare and contrast physical
and chemical changes.
What Do You Recall?
Life Science
4 - How are physical traits inherited
from one generation to the next?
5 - What factors affect the survival
and change (evolution) of a species
over time?
9 What characteristics are used to
classify organisms?
16 List and describe the functions
of as many cell organelles as you
can.
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•
•
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•
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wall
membrane
nucleus
vacuole
mitochondria
chloroplast
cytoplasm
17 What is the difference between
mitosis and meiosis? How do they
relate to reproduction?
mitosis - asexual, identical,
growth
meiosis - sexual, produce
gametes (sex cells) half the chromosomes,
variation
19 How is carbon removed from the
atmosphere? How is it added? How
is energy transformed during the
carbon cycle?
Sun's energy stored in
chemical bonds of
plants, fossil fuels.
Released as heat, light
when burned
20 Test & Outcome
What is the difference between test and
outcome variables?
How are control groups different from
experimental groups?
24 Organisms interact with each
other in a variety of ways in an
ecosystem. Describe as many of
these interactions as you can.
25 All things are made of atoms
29 Give several examples of how
organ systems work together to
maintain homeostasis in the human
body.