Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
THE STUDY OF NON-USE CAUSES AND OBSTACLES OF ELEARNING AT ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY BANDARGAZ
BRANCH AND PRESENTING PRACTICAL MODEL
Masoumeh Bagherpour
Islamic Azad University (Bandargaz Branch) Iran (bagherpour@bandargaziau.ir)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is the study of non-use causes and obstacles of E-learning at Islamic Azad
University Bandargaz Branch. We have randomly selected 230 students. The method of this research is
correlation based on the prepared questionnaire model by UNESCO. The results found a meaningful relation
between age and training rate of internet. It is obtained a meaningful ration between decreasing society
acceptance and application of E-learning. There are a meaningful relation between family income, equipment
and facilities and application rate of electronics learning. It hasn’t observed a meaningful difference between
various educational field and e-learning application. In regression analysis, only income rate and equipments
among foresighted variables influenced e-learning application. At the end, suggested a practical model of elearning.
KEYWORDS
Information and communication technology, computer, internet, e-learning
INTRODUCTION
Electronic learning or "E- learning" is a special kind of distance education. In this method, we
present learning and retraining by using web-based technologies such as Internet or Intranet
and multimedia instruments, animation and simulator in a virtual environment. The important
points of this educational system included: the existing physical distance without limitation
between teacher and student; lack of temporal limitations on education; education for each
person with age and physical state (Kavoosi, 2009).
This technology is influenced on the state of education and learning of learning, and these
influences are successful when learners and teachers have necessary abilities for using the
technology. The combination approach of communication and information technology skills
on curriculum is more influence than skills education as separate form and separate form and
separate subjects. Communication and information technology also play an important role on
knowledge transfer for change ability and active relation establishment to learners.
Main factors for promotion of education level and making high quality learning are
protecting usage of information and communications technology on educational innovation
area such as planning area, content and text compilation, teaching and learning methods
specially for educational environment. For better utilization of information and
communication technology phenomenon on curriculum, collecting preparation for utilizing of
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
innovations in curriculum is very vital and important (Motevaze, 2009). Nowadays, the
universities are collecting, analysis place of last scientific information. The equipment of
university to each technology is necessary that it plays an important role on transfer of
information and communications and information science (Nili Ahmad Abadi, 2001). In
today world, e-learning and training lead to basic changes on training and learning such as:
the learns independence on learning the content power of choice according to interests, more
real recognizing officially of individual differences of students, dissolving of time and place
limitation for learning, the presentation capability of examples on evident format by using
internet facilities, increasing information registration, analysis of students answers and
present ting feedback (Sandi and Eat, 2004) because nouns of the technology is caused
inequality for using of suitable educational opportunities (Islami, 2003) the students as one of
main bases of higher (university) education on acceptance and use of communicational and
informational technology (E-learning application) must be observed by higher education
deciding. There are more researches about E-learning on higher education such as Nushirvani
and Pahlavani (2008) research as E-learning place its techniques, advantages and
disadvantages is expressed that this technology an educational centres is considered very low
for the lack of electronic information, lack of facilities and the lack of steady distribution in
country. Mortazavi (2006), in a research as some family, social and academic factors about
utilizing information and communications technology by student is expressed that family
factors (job, education, economic state), social factors( media, social environment) and
school factors (perception of schoolmasters and teachers, existence of educational facilities,
extracurricular activities and educational content) are influenced on information and
communication technology application). Karimi (2007), in a research under the heading " the
study of challenges and outlooks of information and communication technology application
on training and learning of Isfahan university and industrial university of Isfahan indicated
that the basic challenges of view point of professors and finishing education students is
included the protection of private sector, fast network of telecommunication, clear politics,
technical support for elimination of problems or defects, standards for using of educational
hardware, standards for using of educational software, a mechanism for evaluation and
investigation of obstacles and executive problems.
Islam (2006) indicated that in a research as "opportunities and challenges" the computerbased learning is caused the increasing stimulus or motivation of students for learning,
strengthening morale, self-confidence and research resources by internet is caused more
useful learning. Alshvi (2007) performed on the study of effective factors on computer-based
learning of internet by teachers (professors) that is expressed the gender, age, computer skills,
order and regularity and availability of facilities at university are influenced on decreasing
and increasing of internet application. Yei (2008) indicated that effective factors on
computer-based learning of internet are generally the gender, age, social and economic state,
family income, and place of residence. Ben Yusef (2008) performed an investigation for
relation between computer-based learning of information and communications technology
and students performance that it is indicated clear and fast development of students on their
practical and educational activities.
Bertea (2009) performed a research under the heading "the case study of the students outlook
evaluation about E-learning that is indicated technical ability relationship and students
outlook toward E-learning; and he imposed that making technology field is the base of Elearning. In a research as collaborative we-based E-learning environment for information
security curriculum, Hu (2009) concluded that although, there isn’t a mutual relation for
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
students and teachers, but it is accomplished a good information in exchange and thus ,it can
send and receive more information in each time and by least amount of time. Hammani
(2010) expressed E-learning need to management, substructures and facilities. It can
presented correct relationship between elements.
METHOD
This research is used sectional descriptive–survey method of computer-based education. for
data collection of research is used certain questionnaire of computer-based education .it is
noteworthy to say that for preparing this questionnaire is applied the prepared questionnaire
model by UNESCO for this field as questionnaire framework of computer-based education,
that it has 14 questions for students. The questionnaire has 4 sections as follows: 1- individual
and family characteristic 2- computer-based education 3- Internet-based education 4computer-based education of software. In addition to computer-based education, used central
and dispersion index orientation, Spearman coefficient of correlation; one-way analysis of
variance test and the seventh question of multi- variable regression analysis.
FINDINGS:
Table (1). Spearman coefficient of correlation between age and the rate of E-learning application
variables
age
Correlation rate
Meaningful level
The capacity of
model
computer-based
education
-0.130*
0.016
Internet-based
education
-0.11*
0.02
230
P<0.05*
P<0.01**
According to the results of the above table, there are a meaningful relation between age and
the rate of computer-based education, because the correlation -0.130 and meaningful level
p=0.016 indicate inexistence of relation between 2 variables; and there are a meaningful
relation between age and the rate of Internet-based education, because the correlation -0.11
and meaningful level p=0.02 indicate inexistence of relation between 2 variables.
Table (2). Spearman coefficient of correlation between 2 variables of decrease the rate of society acceptance and
the rate of E-learning application
variables
computer-based education
Correlation rate
Meaningful level
The capacity of
model
0.015*
0.01
Internet-based
education
0.022**
0.000
230
P<0.05*
P<0.01**
According to the results of the above table, there are a meaningful relation between the rate
of society acceptance and the rate of computer-based education, because the correlation 0.022
and meaningful level p=0.000 indicate inexistence of relation between 2 variables ;and there
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
are a meaningful relation between decrease the rate of society acceptance and the rate of
internet -based education, because the correlation 0.015 and meaningful level p=0.01 indicate
inexistence of relation between 2 variables .
Table (3). Spearman coefficient of correlation between 2 variables of family income and the rate of E-learning
application
variables
computer-based education
Correlation rate
Meaningful level
The capacity of
model
internet-based
education
0.210**
0.000
0.190**
0.001
230
P<0.05*
P<0.01**
According to the results of the above table, there are a meaningful relation between family
income and the rate of computer-based education, because the correlation 0.210 and
meaningful level p=0.000 indicate inexistence of relation between 2 variables. There are a
meaningful relation between family income and the rate of internet-based education, because
the correlation 0.190 and meaningful level p=0.001 indicate inexistence of relation between 2
variables.
Table (4). One-way analysis of variance test for the investigation of relation between various educational fields
and the rate of computer-based education
Meaningful level
f
SQU
df
0.27
1.22
30.67
23.44
4
226
230
computer-based
education
According to the results of the above table there are no meaningful relation between various
educational fields and the rate of computer-based education.
Table (5). One-way analysis of variance test for the investigation of relation between various educational fields
and the rate of internet-based education
Meaningful level
0.14
f
1.53
SQU
14.20
8.78
df
4
226
230
Internet-based education
According to the results of the above table, there are no meaningful relation between various
educational fields and the rate of Internet-based education.
Table (6). Multi-variable regression analysis statistic
Std. Error of
Adjusted
R square
the Estimate
R Square
4.78
0.029
0.032
*predicting : income
Criterion variable : computer-based education
R
0.17
income
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
For investigation of this question, it is used a research of multiple regression analysis by step
by step (progressive) method. According to the obtained results, in table (6), only income rate
has enters the rate the regression equation rate, decreasing rate of society acceptance,
educational field, and foresighted variables. Only income rate is predicted 32% dispersion of
criterion variable (computer-based education rate) and others variables is not influenced.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this articulation, there are no meaningful negative relation between age, the decrease rate
of acceptance society and internet- based education. Mahmud (2002) indicated that the age is
influenced on the rate of computer-based and Internet-based education. He explained male
students between 20-25 more use internet –base education. And the research results of
Aishavi (2007), Yei (2008) and Ben Yusef (2008) agree with above results it hasn’t been
observed a meaningful relation between various education fields and the rate of computerbased education and internet -based education. The report of Mahmud (2002) and Zare
Zavaraki (2003) indicated a meaningful relation between 2 variables. With existence of
nature and various characteristics of education field, it can’t be expect that they use same
amount of this technology. Disparity of the researches the result of current research may be
for passing of time, development and increasing need of fields of the technology. Nowadays,
all fields need to computer-based and internet -based education. Khosh Kenar (2005)
indicated that educational groups related to ineffective factors on access rate computer-based
and internet -based education. Only income rate is influenced on the rate of computer and
internet -based education among variables of age, the rate of decreasing acceptance society,
educational field as foresighted variables, and other variables is not effective. Thus, their
family income problem is only effective causes on E –learning education application between
students. Yei (2008) believed that one of the effective factors on E-learning education is
family income suggestive pattern for E-learning application on Islamic Azad university of
Bandargaz.
According to the importance, E-learning is a model for making a required of frequency
substructure , such as the development of information an commutation technology skills in al
society level for the research on information technology, quantitative and qualitative
development on educational software production; equipping schools and universities to
internet and access to world network; development of information and communications skills
education centers; the support of internet network substructures in country; development of
the general access level to computer and world network; culture development, using
information technology in routines. According to completed studies, the existence state of
Islamic Azad University for using information and commutation technology is small. It is
considered about substructure and equipments (such as computer, telephone, modem, and
limitation internet), Internet literacy and politics (data processing council, the regulations of
using information science world network and…). According to the university students
statement, students use no more about computer and specially internet and its causes are lack
of internet literacy, lack of suitable content by this instruments and presentation of content as
traditional form, lack of space for using information and communication technology,
existence of some politics that prevent the use of this technology and finally lack of holding a
job. In educational system , first we should conduct individuals for using this instrument at
home space and university and make an effective usability of computer and internet for
students by presenting educational classes and instruction and communication technology
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
whereas the universities is more mechanized. Thus, researcher presented a model for optimal
use of students about E-learning that he/she help in this direction. According to above point,
it can be considered these cases:
A) Development of information and communication technology skills: development of
information literacy and relationship between university staffs (such as educational,
directional and service), development of informational and communicational literacy of
university students. The university should try to increase a necessary field for informational
and communicational skills to the student cant performed instruction and educational
activities, routine and vocational activities and he/she can use these skills in minimum
necessary time in indexes of information and communication technology of university, the
digital literacy of students, teachers (professors) and stave (2008) was 4%, 39% and 40%,
according, this is indicated that we should perform the action for promotion of computer
literacy.
B) Substructure and equipments: Another part of the model are substructure of information
and communication substructure on education, access to information and communication
networks informational substructure (compilation of digital content, designing of
communicational lines and….) that it is provided accessibility to information and
communication applicants. Islamic Azad university pay attention to this that also needs to
more attention, because there are no computer in terms of a percent of student and also,
internet network is not used for all the times and all people. In indexes 2009 contain index of
access to internet 81%, access to more speed internet 6%, zero acceptable width band and
equipment power of students at home 31% in 2008. Therefore, the universities should be
prepared computer and network facilities for optimal use of students.
C) Education content and quality: the main purpose of education is acquiring knowledge of
learning about existence information and issues and the teacher is like learner or database of
educational site. Information is the same content, in design, production process and
presenting content is used various techniques such as Hyper Text, web casting by Flash
technology, educational slides, conference video, educational programs about multimedia
environments ,multimedia classes design . in information and communications, technology
index of Islamic Azad University Bandargaz, the use of software for presenting lesson (2008)
for 50% contain: active teachers (professors) on E-learning: zero, Electronic sources per cap
it: zero, Electronic lesson :zero. thus, enrichment of lesson sources related to multimedia
environment focus on axis learner education, making flexibility for education method and
preparing education condition in all site and time, adjustment on the basis of personal life
planning to each person experience more benefit, and provide the possibility of repeating
lesson and more deliberation on scientific discussions and also making the possibility of
using digital libraries for students.
D) Executive precautions and instruction and educational productivity (efficiency), executive
innovations and techniques, the compilation of presentation criteria, budget allocation for
development, precautions for using staff and users about facilities, politics, precautions and
regulations should possess comprehensiveness and translucence and it make a suitable
competitive space and environment. In Islamic Azad university regulations has adjusted the
rules about using word network of internet for profiting university’s staff for the services of
this university that is not comprehensive and complete and it hasn’t a necessary translucence;
in this regulations is indicated that it is necessary to have an agreement for using internet. At
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2011)
INTI International University, Malaysia
this moment in time that they should use information and communication technology, it
shouldn’t be needed an agreement. In this case is presented the precaution and frameworks to
the students for using information and communication technology don’t encounter a
difficulty and also it is presented the precaution for needs and risks measurements, principles
description and educational outputs, executive innovations and techniques. The compilation
of presentation criteria, budget allocation for development, purchase and protection of
hardware and software, precautions for using staff and users about facilities, politics,
precautions and regulations should possess comprehensiveness and translucence and it make
a suitable competitive space and environment. in Islamic Azad University regulations has
adjusted the rules about using world network of internet for profiting university s staff for the
services of this university that is not comprehensive and complete and it hasn’t necessary
translucence; in this regulations is indicated that it is necessary to have an agreement for
using internet .at this moment in time that they should use information and communication
technology, it shouldn’t be needed an agreement. in this case is presented the precaution and
frameworks to the students for using information and communication technology don’t
encounter a difficulty and also it is principled the precautions for needs and risks
measurement, principles description and educational outputs, executive innovations and
techniques, multimedia classes design, description of managerial processes, protective
service, budge allocation for development. According to indexes of information and
communication technology of university, some fields such as preparing software and
hardware and criteria compilation and executive techniques are almost a suitable level. The
presented model of this research is a practical model for making educational center that is not
a complete model and it has problems, but it is included almost the principles of E-learning
system and it can use a suitable pattern (model) for making for E-learning center.
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