PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY
VM 7586 / FALL 2012
CONTACT INFORMATION:
Instructor
David K. Price DVM
david.price@usu.edu
Teaching Assistant
Melisa Bishop
melisa.bishop@usu.edu
Course Description:
Develop foundation surgical skills appropriate to perform live animal surgery
. (1.0 credits)
Course philosophy:
Welcome to Principles of Surgery. We hope to start your DVM training off with an exciting course that
will give you a global view of the next four years of your training, in addition to teaching you some of the
fundamental surgery skills and principles necessary to be a successful veterinarian. The goal of this first
semester course is to prepare you with the skills and knowledge that will allow you to contribute,
positively, to a veterinary practice as a 1st year DVM student. By gradually increasing your exposure to
surgery skills over the next two years, your skill level and knowledge will reach a level where you will be
prepared to perform your first live animal surgery during the first semester of your 3rd year. We believe
we have an ethical and moral obligation to your first patients to expect that your foundation surgical
skills are appropriate to perform live animal surgery. Our goal is to have ZERO technical error
complications during your first live animal surgery experience and for you to complete the surgery in a
timely manner.
We want you to learn about surgery, develop foundation technical skills and have fun. This course is
constantly evolving and improving. However, it is very likely we will find weaknesses or missed
opportunities with the course or the laboratories. Please make sure you let Dr. Cary know when you
notice those things. Subsequent surgery training opportunities are built on the foundation we establish
in this class. As we learn more about how you learn best, we will strive to implement those elements
into the course.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this course students should be able to:

Have a more global view of the next four years of your training

Learn some of the fundamental surgery skills and principles necessary to be a successful
veterinary practitioner

Possess foundation surgical skills preparing you to preform your first live animal surgery during
your 3rd year
Course Resources:
Canvas
Canvas is the Learning Management System that we will use for our course. You can login to Canvas at
https://learn-usu.uen.org/login your user name is your A# and your password is your global password.
Textbook
Required Text Books
“Techniques in Large Animal Surgery” 3rd edition, edited by Dean Hendrickson
“Small Animal Surgery” 3rd edition, edited by Theresa Fossum et al.
These books will be required in the respective large or small animal surgery laboratories later in your
training (3rd year) so they will be well used by the end of your schooling. They will be incredibly valuable
resources as you begin your life as a veterinarian, so they end up being worth the expense. Both have
the important information we will need for our weekly discussions, with the exception of one topic, so do
NOT feel as though you need to purchase both at this time. You simply need access and they will both be
on reserve in the library. If you are going to be a mixed animal practitioner, you will likely need both books
in the future. In addition, these texts will be an excellent resource to help put context on other course
material you will be learning throughout the next few years. The required text books will be on reserve in
the library if you are interested in comparing information or if you are not sure which book is most
appropriate for you.
Additional Readings
Readings will be taken from peer-reviewed journals and education magazines. Most readings will be
available in Canvas in PDF format. Other readings will be available online, with a hyperlink provided in
Canvas.
Required Equipment
You will be given access to your own suture kit that will contain the instruments and a practice suture
block as well as some suture material so you can practice during the semester. It will be highly
advantageous for you to consider purchasing some instruments of your own (quality and cost will be up to
you), particularly needle drivers, so that you can continue your practice at home and during the times in
your training when there are not surgery labs.
COURSE ACTIVITIES:
Lectures
Lecture will take place on Monday at 2:30 PM starting August 20 (week 1) and ending October 29th.. We
will have a total of 10 lecture hours.
Laboratory Sessions
Laboratory sessions will take place Monday 3:30 to 5:30 beginning September 10. You will have lab
every other week for a total of 6 labs. The final lab will be November 26
Homework Assignments
Each week (except week 3 ) will have an assignment for completion prior to the class discussion. They
will be different formats and all will be focused on application of material in the reading to clinical
situations. For many of the assignments, we will build on what you learned in our class discussion. It is
imperative that you complete these exercises. Each assignment is worth 5 points. (50 points of your
100 point total in the course)
There will be ten homework assignments
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Team assignment questionnaire Due Aug 19th, Surgical skills, knowledge and attributes vision: 1-2 page
essay. Due August 27th,
Group clinical scenario. Due: Sept. 10 and ongoing development as skills and knowledge improve
Problem set “Suture materials and patterns, surgical instruments” Due: Sept 10
Application of wound healing to your specific clinical scenario Due: Sept 17
Explain direct application of surgical principles to your clinical scenario Due: Sept 24
Problem set “Sterilization, asepsis, and sterile technique” Due: Oct 1
Describe the pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative considerations of a dog spay or a calf or
foal umbilical hernia repair. Due: October 8
Research assigned bandage or drain situation. Be prepared to present the information to your
colleagues Due Oct 15
Client consent, post op instructions, presentation Due Oct 22
Surgical site infection flow chart due Oct 29
Examination Schedule
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Week 15
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The final examination will be an assessment of your technical and clinical skills. Important
Monday December 3rd 2:30 TO 5:30
lecture material may be incorporated. This will be an active test. An OSATS (objective structured
assessment of technical skills) exam is one that requires you to demonstrate a skill and
potentially explain your rationale. The exam will cover the material listed under “Practical Final
Skills”. Because all these skills are critical, you will be expected to demonstrate a mechanical
understanding of the skills. Please note: Failure of this examination will require remediation
and retesting during the 2nd semester of your second year.
COURSE POLICIES:
Office Hours
By appointment only.
Student Feedback/Communication
I welcome all feedback on the course. My preferred method of communication with individual students is
via email. Please send your email to david.price@usu.edu.
If you experience a legitimate emergency (according to my standards) that will prevent you from
completing required coursework on time, I expect you to communicate with me at the earliest reasonable
opportunity. Please state the nature of the emergency, and when you expect to turn in the coursework.
Syllabus Changes
This syllabus is subject to change. I will notify the class regarding all changes. In the event of any
discrepancy between this syllabus and Canvas, the information in CANVAS WILL TAKE
PRECENDENCE.
Submitting Electronic Files
All electronic files must be submitted in PDF format. Please name your file in the using the following
convention: Assignmentname_Yourname.doc. Thus, if my name where Alex Noteworthy and I was
submitting the “Syllabus Draft” assignment, I would rename the “SyllabusDraft.pdf” file as
“SyllabusDraft_AlexNoteworthy.pdf”.
Files in formats other than PDF and/or without the proper naming convention (or at least a reasonable
attempt) will be returned to the student and additional handling charges (lost points) may apply.
Course Fees
None
Late Work
Late work due to procrastination will not be accepted. Late work due to legitimate emergency may be
accepted.
The due date and time associated with each quiz, discussion, exam and assignment are stated clearly in
Canvas and on the Course Schedule.
UNIVERSITY POLICIES:
Honor Pledge
Students will be held accountable to the Honor Pledge which they have agreed to: “I pledge, on my
honor, to conduct myself with the foremost level of academic integrity.”
Academic Dishonesty
The Instructor of this course will take appropriate actions in response to Academic Dishonesty, as defined
the University’s Student Code:
Acts of academic dishonesty include but are not limited to:
1. Cheating: (1) using or attempting to use or providing others with any unauthorized assistance in taking
quizzes, tests, examinations, or in any other academic exercise or activity, including working in a group
when the instructor has designated that the quiz, test, examination, or any other academic exercise or
activity be done “individually”; (2) depending on the aid of sources beyond those authorized by the
instructor in writing papers, preparing reports, solving problems, or carrying out other assignments; (3)
substituting for another student, or permitting another student to substitute for oneself, in taking an
examination or preparing academic work; (4) acquiring tests or other academic material belonging to a
faculty member, staff member, or another student without express permission; (5) continuing to write after
time has been called on a quiz, test, examination, or any other academic exercise or activity; (6)
submitting substantially the same work for credit in more than one class, except with prior approval of the
instructor; or (7) engaging in any form of research fraud.
2. Falsification: altering or fabricating any information or citation in an academic exercise or activity.
3. Plagiarism: representing, by paraphrase or direct quotation, the published or unpublished work of
another person as one's own in any academic exercise or activity without full and clear acknowledgment.
It also includes using materials prepared by another person or by an agency engaged in the sale of term
papers or other academic materials.
Full text of the Student Code available at available at available at
http://www.usu.edu/studentservices/pdf/StudentCode.pdf:
Students with Disabilities
Students with ADA-documented physical, sensory, emotional or medical impairments may be eligible for
reasonable accommodations. Veterans may also be eligible for services. All accommodations are
coordinated through the Disability Resource Center (DRC) in Room 101 of the University Inn, (435)7972444 voice, (435)797-0740 TTY, (435)797-2444 VP, or toll free at 1-800-259-2966. Please contact the
DRC as early in the semester as possible. Alternate format materials (Braille, large print or digital) are
available with advance notice.
Class schedule
Lecture Schedule:
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Week 1 Aug 20:
Course introduction, expectations, learning clinical skills
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Week 2 Aug 27:
Surgical considerations. What do we need to know/do ?
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Week 3 Sept 3:
No Class
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Week 4 Sept 10:
Suture materials and patterns, surgical instruments
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Week 5 Sept 17:
Wound healing and tissue behavior
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Week 6 Sept 24:
Week 7 Oct 1
Surgical Principles
Sterilization, asepsis, sterile technique
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Week 8 Oct 8:
Bandages, drains, and other support for surgical sites
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Week 9 Oct 15:
Week 10 Oct 22:
Pre-operative and Post-operative considerations
Hernia
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Week 11 Oct 29:
Fracture repair
Lectures
Lecture 1: Course introduction, expectations, and clinical skills learning
Objectives:
1. Introduce the unique characteristics of principles of surgery course
a. You will be expected to demonstrate progressive proficiency in operating room
behavior and surgical skills
b. You will understand the rationale behind the course being based on a concept called
team-based learning
c. You will become aware of different learning resources related to the principles of
surgery
d. You will be introduced to concepts of clinical reasoning, problem solving, and applied
learning
2. Understand learning “curves” for clinical skills and be able to explain why it is necessary to continually
practice technical skills for a period of time.
3. Build enthusiasm for the learning opportunities available to you over the next four years.
4. Determine one client and one patient (or group of patients) who will make you want to live up to your
full potential as a veterinarian.
Reading assignment:
Principles of surgery core document
Large Animal Surgery: Skim Chapters 1-8
Small Animal Surgery: Skim Chapters 1-12
Become aware of material in VM 7586 course folder
Homework assignment:
1. Fill out the team assignment questionnaire and turn it in by noon Sunday, August 19. I will make
team assignments the first day of class. Required activity. Zero points awarded
2. Picture yourself getting ready to do your first solo surgery in practice the day after you graduate.
Write 1-2 page vision of what you want to know, be able to do, and be like by that time. (In other
words: what skills, attributes, characteristics, and knowledge will be MOST important for you to
have by the time you do your first surgery) Due: August 27
3. Your group will be given a specific scenario (surgical procedure, resources, client, patient, and
environment). Given your set of circumstances, what do you see as the specific challenges to
performing surgery safely and successfully? What recommendations would you make to minimize
any adverse conditions? Note: At this point, you are to use your common sense and your group’s
current knowledge along with the basic “gist” from skimming the book chapters. Due: These
scenarios will be used to illustrate different points throughout the semester. Your group may be
called on any time to provide insight. You may wish to periodically consider your scenario in light of
information that is covered in class and lab. Due; Aug 27
4. Begin viewing videos from the course file on Canvas
Lecture 2: Surgical considerations. What do we need to know/ do?
Objectives:
1. Be able to describe in basic terms what is involved with taking an animal to surgery.
2. Articulate considerations and issues that may influence your surgical planning, execution, or
outcomes
3. Understand the contribution of the following to your surgical success:
a. Patient
b. Client(s)
c. Environment
d. Surgical team
e. Yourself
Reading assignment: Large Animal Surgery: Chapters 3 (pages 33-59), Chapter 4 (pages 61-70) and
Chapter 5 (pages 71-91)and Chapter 6 ( pages 77-91)
Small Animal Surgery: Chapter 8 (pages 47-56), Chapter 9 (pages 57-78)
Homework assignment:
Problem set “Suture materials and patterns, surgical instruments” Due Sept 10
View the following videos in preparation for the first lab on Sept 10th and 17th
Scrubbing
Gowning-Gloving
Open Gloving
Changing Out Contaminated Gloves
Half Hitch
Two Handed Tie
Journal article reading assignment:
.
Knot security of suture materials Vet Surg 1989 Jul-Aug; 18(4):269-73.Rosin E, Robinson GM.
Suture material and Patterns. In Practice 1999; 21:308-320 doi:10.1136/inpract.21.6.308. Niles
J, Williams J
Lecture 3: Suture materials and patterns, surgical instruments
Objectives:
1. Identify suture patterns by sight
2. Describe the effect of suture patterns on tissue
a. Inversion
b. Apposition
c. Eversion
d. Tension relieving
3. Identify basic characteristics of suture materials
4. Describe the salient characteristics of the “classic suture materials”
5. Identify basic surgical instruments and their use
Reading assignment:
Equine Wound Management Chapters 1, 2 (pages 1-34)
Small Animal sugery Chapter 15 ( pages 159-166)
Homework assignment: : Given the information from this section, please explain briefly what
you anticipate happening with your surgical procedure. For instance, are there special
considerations for the tissues? What do you anticipate in terms of healing times and character?
Due: September 17
Review the same video(s) as above for lab
Lecture 4: Wound healing and tissue behavior
Objectives:
1. To explain, in general terms, what happens to tissue when we do surgery
2. To understand the basic stages of wound healing
3. To develop a sense about tension lines and what to consider when making a surgical approach
Reading assignment: Use any resources to find material on William Halsted and his surgical principles.
Homework assignment: Explain how the principles of surgery will directly apply to your surgery
Due: Sept 24
View the following videos in preparation for lab on Sept 24 and Oct 1
Two Handed Tie
Ford Interlockng
Review all previously viewed videos as needed
Lecture 5: Surgical Principles
Objectives:
1. Understand a bit about surgical history
2. Explain what William Halsted , the father of modern surgery, contributed to our profession
3. Describe what is meant by Halsted’s Principles (universal surgical principles)
a. Gentle tissue handling
b. Meticulous hemostasis
c. Preserve vascularity
d. Remove necrotic tissue
e. Approximate tissue without tension
f. Obliterate dead space
g. Use strict aseptic technique
h. Keep accurate medical records
4. Explain how those principles guide our surgical decisions.
Reading assignment:
Large Animal Surgery: Not adequate information, please see Small Animal Surgery text
Small Animal Surgery: Chapter 1 (pages 1-8), Chapter 2 (pages 9-14), Chapter 3 (pages 15-18), Chapter 6
(pages 32-37), Chapter 7 (pages 38-46)
Homework assignment: Problem set “Sterilization, asepsis, and sterile technique” Due: Oct 1
Review all previously viewed video(s) as needed for lab
Lecture 6: Sterilization, asepsis, sterile technique
Objectives:
1. Demonstrate working knowledge of aseptic preparation of patients
2. Describe the difference between cleaning, disinfecting, antisepsis and sterilizing
3. Understand the basic components to maintaining sterility in a surgery
Reading assignment:
Large Animal Surgery: Chapter 1 (pages 3-6) and skim Chapter 2 (pages 7-32)
Small Animal Surgery: Chapter 5 (page 22-31) DO NOT get stressed about the details. Look for big
concepts.
Homework assignment:
Describe the pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative considerations of a dog spay or a calf or
foal umbilical hernia repair. Due: October 8
View the following video(s) in preparation for lab on Oct 8 and 15
One Handed Tie
Review all previously viewed video(s) as needed for lab
Lecture 7: Pre-operative, Intra-operative, and Post-operative considerations
Objectives:
1. Characterize patients based on their ASA status
2. Explain what the ASA status tells us about a patient
3. Understand what is meant by prognosis
4. Be aware of basic rehabilitation after surgery
5. Consider what type of information should be given to owners and in what form following
surgery
6. Be aware of post-operative needs of patients, including analgesia
Reading assignment:
Large Animal Surgery: Chapter 7 (pages 93-101)
Small Animal Surgery: Chapter 15 (pages 159-192)
Homework assignment: Research assigned bandage or drain situation Due Oct 15
Review previously viewed video(s) as needed
Lecture 8: Bandages, drains, and other surgical site support
Objectives:
1. Demonstrate a basic understanding of bandages and their uses
2. Explain how bandages improve wound healing
3. Identify major components of bandages
4. Identify different types of drains
5. Explain basic uses for drains
Reading assignment:
You should familiarize yourself with umbilical hernia repair in calves. What does the procedure entail?
What are the pre-op and post-op considerations?
Homework assignment:
Please write out the client consideration for making an informed consent to proceed with surgery.
What post-operative instructions would you give the client? How do you think you should deliver this
information? Due Oct 22
View following video in preparation for lab on Oct 22
Intradermal
Review all previously viewed video(s) as needed
Lecture 9: Hernia
Objectives:
1. Use the information presented during the course to solve a real-world medical problem
2. Consider how to investigate the cause of increased incidence of complications in a surgical
setting
Reading assignment: Look over information related to fracture repair (in any species)..
Homework assignment: Develop a flow chart to assess for sources of a surgical site infection. Due:
Oct 29
Review all previously viewed video(s) as needed
Lecture 10: fracture repair
Objectives:
1. Understand principles of fracture repair
Consider how to investigate a surgical site infection for root cause issues
Homework Assignment:
View following video in preparation for lab on Nov 9 and 16
Vessel Ligation
Review all previously viewed video(s) as needed.
Laboratory Schedule:
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Lab 1 Week 3,4
Sept 10, 17
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Lab 2 Week 5,6 Simple continuous pattern, cruciate, ford interlocking
Sept 24, Oct 1
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Lab 3 Week 7,8
Oct 8, 15
One-handed hand tie, mattress patterns, inverting patterns
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Lab 4 Week 9,10
Oct 22, 29
Intradermal
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Lab 5 Week 11,12
Nov 5, 12
Vessel ligation
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Lab 6 Week 13,14
Skill checklist/Final exam review
Introduction to knot tying, instrument throw, two-handed hand ties
Nov 19, 26
Laboratories
The laboratory schedule is a suggested pace and order of skills to learn. Some of you will have prior
experience with some of these skills. Please feel free to help your classmates learn. You may work
ahead if you have mastered the objectives of the laboratory. There will be two review sessions as well
as the Wednesday evening and Friday afternoon open lab times to ensure you have as much time as
necessary to master these critical fundamental surgical principles.
Laboratory 1:
Objectives:

Be able to identify and demonstrate tying the following and know the strengths and weaknesses
of each
a. Slip knot
b. Granny knot
c. Square knot
d. Surgeon’s knot
 Learn to place and tie a simple interrupted suture pattern using your needle holders
 Begin to work with the concept of two handed-hand ties
 Understand and demonstrate appropriate preparation of a surgical site (clip and scrub)
 Understand the principles and demonstrate draping of a surgical site
 Understand the principles of hand scrubbing and demonstrate appropriate technique
 Understand the principles and demonstrate ability to gown and glove aseptically
 Learn surgical instrument names and demonstrate the basic use of those instruments
 Learn to identify different types of suture needles and identify basic use of those needles
Laboratory 2:
Objectives:
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Continue to refine the two-handed hand tie
Demonstrate correct technique of holding needle drivers, tissue forceps, and scissors
Demonstrate secure square knot when tying off to double stranded loop
Work with placing appositional patterns
o Simple continuous
o Cruciate
o Ford interlocking
Discuss different characteristics of suture material
o What impact does size have on knot security?
o What impact does memory have on knot security?
o What suture materials have good knot security and which have poor?
o What suture materials do you like to use?
o Which suture materials seem like they would be friendly to tissue?
Learn to interpret the information on a suture package
o Size
o Needle type
o Expiration date
o Characteristics of the suture material
o Color
o Length
o How do you know if it is going to be something weird instead of a simple strand of
suture on a needle?
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Learn the principles and demonstrate how to open a sterilely wrapped package and place it on a
sterile surgery table
 Demonstrate how to wrap a pack for sterilization
 Learn the principles and demonstrate how to pour fluids into a sterile bowl on a sterile table
 Learn to fill a bulb syringe completely
Laboratory 3:
Objectives:
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Learn and demonstrate one handed hand tie
Demonstrate appropriate method of loading and removing scalpel blade
Demonstrate appropriate method of handing hemostatic forceps to another person
Demonstrate ability to make incision in skin correctly using the palm grip
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Demonstrate appropriate placement and mechanics of the following mattress patterns:
o Vertical mattress
o Horizontal mattress
Demonstrate appropriate placement and mechanics of the following inverting patterns:
o Connell/Cushing
o Lembert
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Laboratory 4:
Objectives:
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Demonstrate accurate placement of needle in pre-marked spaces for a simple interrupted
pattern
 Correctly identify dermis vs subcutaneous tissue
 Demonstrate intradermal pattern
o Bury knot at beginning of suture line
o Keep suture confined to appropriate layers (not penetrating external surface of skin)
o Bury knot at the end of the suture line
 Identify characteristics of suture materials
Laboratory 5:
Objectives:
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Learn and demonstrate the principles behind ligating a lacerated superficial vessel
Learn and demonstrate the principle behind placing a ligation in a hemostat “crush” (for
example, when used for an uterine pedicle)
 Ensure working knowledge and ability of all previous objectives
 Demonstrate use of active and passive drains
 Evaluate situations for breaks in sterility and aseptic technique.
Laboratory 6: Final Review
Objectives:
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Ensure skills are at level appropriate to pass final examination
o Ensure you can meet the objectives for each lab
Complete surgical skills checklist
Grading
Your grade will be determined by homework assignments (50%) and the practical final (50%). Minimum
level to achieve a Pass is 80/100 points. This is a pass/fail course.
Practical Final Examination Skills Checklist:
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Demonstrate aseptic preparation of a surgical site
Demonstrate draping for standard abdominal surgery (spay) while maintaining asepsis
Demonstrate ability to scrub, gown, and glove without breaking sterile technique
Identify these basic surgical instruments and needles, including general indication or
use
o Needle holders: Mayo-Hegar, Olsen-Hegar
o Scissors: Mayo, Metzenbaum, suture, Lister bandage
o Hemostatic forceps: Kelly, Crile, Halsted mosquito, Carmalt. Oschner
o Tissue forceps: Allis, Babcock, Doyen
o Thumb forces: Adson, Brown-Adson, Rat-tooth, Debakey
o Towel Clamps: Backhaus, non-penetrating
o Retractors: Army-Navy, Senn, Hohmann, Ribbon, Gelpi, Balfour, Weitlander,
Finochietto
o Bard-Parker #3, #4, #7 scalpel handles
o Scalpel blades: No. 10, 11, 12, 15, 20
o Snook Ovariohysterectomy (Spay) hook
o Suction tips: Poole, Yankauer, Frazier
o Bulb syringe
o General orthopedic instruments: periosteal elevators, bone curette, osteotome,
mallet, Jacob’s chuck and key, rongeur
o Suture needles: cutting, reverse cutting, taper, straight, curved, eyed, swagedon, S-needle
Demonstrate appropriate handling of instruments:
o Change or attach and remove a scalpel blade to/from a handle safely
o Hand hemostatic forceps to another person appropriately
o Use scissors correctly with fingers in appropriate locations
o Thumb forceps (pencil grip to be used)
o Make incision in skin demonstrating the palmed grip
o Needle drivers using three points of contact
Identify different suture characteristics
o Memory
o Monofilament vs braided/mutifilament
o Wicking
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o Friction
o Plastic deformation
Explain how suture characteristics and size impact knot security
Demonstrate an understanding of how to read suture packages and explain what the
information means
Identify errors in aseptic technique or breaks in sterility
Demonstrate opening a sterile instrument tray appropriately
Pour fluids into bowl on surgical table without breaking sterile technique
Fill bulb syringe completely
Correctly demonstrate a square knot and surgeons knot.
Be able to identify the conditions where using a surgeons knot vs a square knot are
appropriate
Demonstrate the following suture patterns with appropriate mechanics. You are
expected to have the patterns memorized and to place the pattern in a technically
correct manner. You will be expected to critique your efforts and explain areas in need
of improvement. (see further explanation in the section that follows)
o Simple interrupted
o Simple continuous
o Cruciate
o Ford interlocking
o Vertical mattress
o Horizontal mattress
o Connell/Cushing
o Lembert
o Intradermal paying close attention to
 Burying the starting and ending knot appropriately
 Finding the appropriate layer of the animal to place the intradermal
pattern to close the skin
Accurately place needle in pre-marked spaces during simple interrupted pattern
Demonstrate both 1 and 2 handed hand-ties correctly without dropping suture tags or
putting undue tension on the tissue.
Identify and describe how to use basic drains (passive and active)
Demonstrate appropriate technique to tie off skin bleeder
Demonstrate the use of a hemostat and ligation for a uterine body model (how to use
the hemostat crush area for the ligation)
Demonstrate what is meant by skin tension and Langer’s lines
VM 586 Feedback and Input
Please answer the following questions regarding your experience the VM 586. You are being asked to
put your name on this sheet to be given credit for the assignment and to allow the course coordinator
to follow up with any additional questions based on your feedback. Please be honest and constructive
in your assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the course. This document will be used to
inform decisions for future courses, including the surgery courses in your 2 nd and 3rd year. Your
answers will not be used to penalize you in any way. You will receive full credit for completed,
constructive assignments.
NAME:___________________________________
The aspects of this course that made it effective for my learning were:
The aspects of the laboratory that contributed most to my learning were:
What would have made this course even better would have been:
What would have made the laboratory even better would have been: