“Use It in Our Daily Lives” Likening the Scriptures A teenager spoke in Sacrament Meeting on the topic of “likening the scriptures to ourselves”. She said she looked through the scriptures and found multiple passages that she could not liken to her life such as Alma and four sons of Mosiah going around destroying the Church and Abraham nearly offering Isaac. What an interesting insight she had. Other examples that she could have included are good people who fell in character such as King David, Solomon and Samson, or of scoundrels like King Noah and Korihor. Are there sections of scripture that we cannot practically liken to ourselves? We could take the examples above and say that we should liken them but in an opposite way. However there are other sections that seem mostly removed for our time and circumstance, such as the very specific sacrifices and rituals detailed in the book of Leviticus. Taking that entire book in its entirety we can apply an overall message “that God requires the sanctification of the whole man, body as well as spirit” (Bible Dictionary, “Leviticus”). However its 27 chapters of complex directions are not required to deliver a message so simple. Are then all parts of scripture for our likening and use? Nephi famously said – … For I did liken all scriptures unto us, that it might be for our profit and learning. (1 Nephi 19:23). The 1828 Websters Dictionary defines all as – Every one, or the whole number of particulars. (1828 Websters Dictionary.) Nephi’s brother Jacob said of the writings of Isaiah – And there are many things which have been spoken by Isaiah which may be likened unto you, because ye are of the house of Israel. (2 Nephi 6:5) Jacob did not say “all” but “many” thus there are some parts of Isaiah that are not likened to us. Is it possible that he and Nephi he did not use the word all in the same allinclusive sense that we do? The 1828 dictionary says that all means everything, but it includes a second meaning – This word, not only in popular language, but in the scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died; all Judea and all the region round about Jordan; all men held John as a prophet; are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part or very great numbers. (1828 Websters Dictionary.) In other words Nephi might have meant that while we can liken “a great part” (from the dictionary) of the scriptures to ourselves, some parts may not necessarily lend themselves to doing so. LDS scholar Kent P. Jackson wrote – But a word of caution is in order, as one Latter-day Saint commentator has pointed out: "To 'liken' a scripture to a different situation than that in which it originated is not always to learn the original message of that scripture. To correctly interpret a scriptural passage is to learn its original meaning … There is a distinction between the interpretation of a scripture and some personal application of the same scripture to show a principle or lesson." Readers should not assume that every statement of an ancient prophet must have a specific meaning in the latter-day setting. (From his chapter in Studies in Scripture, ch. 11, “Nephi and Isaiah.” He quotes from Monte S. Nyman, Great Are the Words of Isaiah, p. 12.) Daily Lives Currently in the Church we have expanded on Nephi’s idea of likening to using, and we frequently hear and say this phrase: “that we may use it in our daily lives.” Our intention is that every lesson must be applied on a daily basis. Some of us have taken it further to believe that anything in the gospel that does not apply here and now, and that does not result in a correction in our behavioral, should not be taught. These ideas are not supported in scripture. The word pairs “daily lives” and “daily life” do not exist in scripture. The word “daily” used alone does not appear anywhere in association with applying principles. The famous line “Choose you this day” (Joshua 24:15, Moses 6:33, Alma 30:8) appears to be an exception but it is more of a one-time decision or occasional re-commitment. The fact that the phrasing of using principles in daily life is not scriptural should signal caution, and upon reflection indeed there are multiple problems with the concept. The first is the timeframe: daily. A lesson about the Sabbath is mostly applicable on that day along and not for the other six days of the week. Likewise home teaching is normally once per month and preparing for baptism, whether for oneself or for helping someone else, is infrequent at best. Another problem is that some doctrinal topics do not fit into the timeframe of mortality at all such the final judgment, the resurrection, and the three degrees of glory. Seeing those events as lofty goals allows us to implement some aspects here and now, but the majority of the meaning and power is yet to come. Other topics involve events that will happen sooner but are still distant, such lessons for the youth about preparing for a mission and preparing for marriage and parenthood. “Using It” – Practical As already mentioned, the emphasis of applying principles immediately has at times unwisely gone to the point of deriding anything that goes beyond it as impractical. In contrast the Lord asks us to widen our vision – Hearken ye to these words. Behold, I am Jesus Christ, the Savior of the world. Treasure these things up in your hearts, and let the solemnities of eternity rest upon your minds. (D&C 43:34.) Here the timeframe is eternity, which has a much different feel than daily. The practicality of treasuring up words and letting them rest within us is like planting orchards where the benefit is in the distant future. Most of the things of the temple are of the same sort. While we often emerge from the temple refreshed, or calmed, or enlightened, the blessings promised therein span well beyond mortality. Behavioral Change In “using” principles in our daily lives, the focus is usually on those points that result in changes in the near term in how we act. Generally those points fall into three overall categories – 1. Being a better person. 2. Being more obedient. 3. Serving others more. There are teachings in scripture that do not fit those categories or do not result in an immediate reorientation of our actions, for example – … Things which are at home, things which are abroad; the wars and the perplexities of the nations … and a knowledge also of countries and of kingdoms. (D&C 88:79.) That passage lists specific examples of the Lord’s commandment in the preceding verses to “teach ye diligently and my grace shall attend you, that you may be instructed more perfectly in theory, in principle, in doctrine …” While those words are somewhat familiar to us, less well remembered is the reason the Lord gave for them – That ye may be prepared in all things when I shall send you again to magnify the calling whereunto I have called you, and the mission with which I have commissioned you. (v. 80.) Thus getting an understanding of “the perplexities of the nations” is part of preparing to adequately magnify our future callings and missions. How often is that in missionary preparation or leadership classes? Likely it is bypassed because it does not quite result in immediate changes of heart, or it is not seen as a practical commandment in our daily lives. Daily and Practical, Part 2 There is a tantalizing twist on these points however. If we accept that God’s commandments are indeed practical – even including those best described as “theory” – and if we realize that pondering “perplexities” and “wars” are a commandment, along with “treasuring up” (D&C 84:85) the Lord’s wonderful ideas, then we can indeed do such things in our daily lives. Pondering and treasuring truths that extend beyond our space and time have a value that is hard to measure immediately but is real. Joseph Smith gave taught – What is the object of our coming into existence, then dying and falling away, to be here no more? It is but reasonable to suppose that God would reveal something in reference to the matter, and it is a subject we ought to study more than any other. We ought to study it day and night, for the world is ignorant in reference to their true condition and relation. If we have any claim on our Heavenly Father for anything, it is for knowledge on this important subject. (History of The Church, v. 6, p. 50.) If we take Joseph’s counsel as sensible, and because he understood the nature of reality far more than any of us have, doing what he said then is practical. And because most of us are not doing this already, it would also lead to behavioral change. Groups The above points are somewhat easy to grasp. There is however something more difficult to discern in scripture, and is evidenced in the quote from Nephi about likening – … For I did liken all scriptures unto us, that it might be for our profit and learning. The words us and our are odd in that context. If we in our time had written it we would say “unto me” and “for my profit.” The same nuance exists in Jacob’s words about likening but it is more subtle – … may be likened unto you, because ye are of the house of Israel. English does not have a separate word to denote plural you, and Jacob is clearly speaking to a group because earlier it says – … Which he spake unto the people of Nephi (v. 1) Secondly his specific likening was because they were “of the house of Israel.” He did not say “because each of you are an Israelite.” He spoke in plural, likening one group of people (the Nephites) to another group of people (the house of Israel). That is slightly odd because when nowadays we speak of “using it our daily lives” we mean that each of us as an individual should go to our individual homes and apply it in our own individual activities. We might respond that the difference is unimportant, it is just a manner of speech. Besides, a group is simply a collection of individuals. By doing so we reveal a bias that is ingrained into our culture; in other words a way of looking at things that in fact other cultures see differently. Seeing a group as just a bunch of individuals denies the concept of “holism” – A theory or belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holism) Any doctrine that a system may have properties over and above those of its parts and their organization. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/holism) Nephi and Jacob both spoke to a group that was “greater than the sum of its parts.” The group of Nephites, or a group of Israelites, have a character and power beyond the sum of the individual people within it. And the scattering of Israel for example is more than a set of individuals who happened to do the same thing, likewise the repeated fall and rise of the Nephites throughout the Book of Mormon, or the Israelites in the book of Judges, and so forth. Individualistic vs. Collectivistic Americans, Canadians, Australians and most Europeans see life in terms of individuals – Individualistic cultures are those that stress the needs of the individual over the needs of the group as a whole. In this type of culture, people are seen as independent and autonomous. Social behavior tends to be dictated by the attitudes and preferences of individuals. Cultures in North America and Western Europe tend to be individualistic. (http://psychology.about.com/od/iindex/fl/What-AreIndividualistic-Cultures.htm) To most of us modern members of the Church there is no practical alternative: the individualistic approach is just the nature of reality. However other groups on earth, including people in ancient scripture, saw reality differently – Collectivistic cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual. In such cultures, relationships with other members of the group and the interconnectedness between people play a central role in each person's identity. Cultures in Asia, Central America, South America, and Africa tend to be more collectivistic. (http://psychology.about.com/od/cindex/fl/What -Are-Collectivistic-Cultures.htm) The two perspectives are not necessarily entirely different. An individualistic culture can see that an entire group may need to repent, and a collectivistic culture can accept that repentance requires a change of heart of each individual. Yet the overall difference between them is significant. Notice how strange this response sounds by the Nephites to King Benjamin’s speech – And they all cried with one voice, saying: Yea, we believe all the words which thou hast spoken unto us; and also, we know of their surety and truth, because of the Spirit of the Lord Omnipotent, which has wrought a mighty change in us, or in our hearts, that we have no more disposition to do evil, but to do good continually. (Mosiah 5:2.) Their response goes on for another three verses and continues in the same language. Verse 5 starts with – And we are willing to enter into a covenant with our God to do his will … “We are willing to enter into a covenant …”? None of us now enters into a covenant except individually, whether at baptism or in the temple. The idea of a group doing so seems counter the very nature of the gospel to us. A group of us would not cry out saying about “a mighty change in us” at the end of a talk. It is not our prerogative to speak for someone else, especially something so personal. Collectivistic cultures however differ not just in the way they go about things, but people in them see even their own identity differently – Wikipedia – Louis Dumont has contrasted "holism" to "individualism" as two different forms of societies. According to him, modern humans live in an individualist society, whereas ancient Greek society, for example, could be qualified as "holistic", because the individual found identity in the whole society. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holism#In_sociology) By seeing a gospel tenant only as something I (me) must use in my daily life misses the nature and power of many major doctrines and covenants: the council in heaven, the fall, the flood of Noah, the house of Israel, the scattering, the gathering, the book of Isaiah, Christ’s visit to the spirit world, his forty-day mission after the resurrection, the restoration, the signs of the times, the millennium, the spirit world, etc. Me, Me, Me As mentioned earlier the phrasing “daily lives” does not appear in scripture. In fact the idea of applying principles in “daily lives” has become popular in the Church only in recent decades. Inasmuch as the idea is presented mostly to reform “me,” perhaps it is no coincidence that those same recent decades have been called “the me generation.” Wikipedia – The "Me" generation in the United States is a term referring to the Baby Boomer [post-WWII] generation and the self-involved qualities that some people associated with it. ... The phrase caught on with the general public, at a time when "selfrealization" and "self-fulfillment" were becoming cultural aspirations among young people, who considered them far more important than social responsibility. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_generation) National Institutes of Health; 58% more college students scored higher on a narcissism scale in 2009 than in 1982. Millennials [people born since 1980] received so many participation trophies growing up that 40 percent of them think they should be promoted every two years – regardless of performance. They are fame-obsessed: three times as many middle school girls want to grow up to be a personal assistant to a famous person as want to be a Senator, according to a 2007 survey; four times as many would pick the assistant job over CEO of a major corporation. They're so convinced of their own greatness that the National Study of Youth and Religion found the guiding morality of 60% of millennials in any situation is that they'll just be able to feel what's right. ("Millennials: The Me Me Me Generation," Time, May 20, 2013.) We might respond to the italicized part with, “Well, we’re teaching them so that when they respond with what they feel, those feelings will be right.” That however misses the point of the study: millennials have been so puffed up A possible concern for us then is this: Does stressing “use by adults over time that they tend to rely it in our daily lives” subtly promote or on their own confidence and skimp on It seems to be a difficult enable an inappropriate focus on the self? building a solid foundation through hard thing to eliminate from Certainly there are also many talks and work in the scriptures. the minds of some of our lessons topics on service, which widen our brethren cherished The problem stands in contrast to the vision beyond our individual selves to the notions that are contrary example of the greatest missionaries in the needs and of others and their existences to the revealed word. Book of Mormon – outside of our own. But does the narrow Many questions have focus of applying almost everything to the … And they had waxed strong in the been answered time and here and now, and to me particularly, knowledge of the truth; for they were men time again … yet the reduce the gospel too much to selfof a sound understanding and they had error continues to exist. centeredness? searched the scriptures diligently, that they might know the word of God. (Alma 17:2.) – Joseph Fielding Smith If this is true at all it would of course not (Answers to Gospel Questions, be total. In other words it would be a (Personal note: I recently asked a Course 17 class if v. 1, p.xvi. He quotes 2 Nephi they had ever actually searched the scriptures for matter of degrees. However even if the 32:6-7.) something, instead of just reading them for an problem exists only slightly, it may be assignment. Only one person answered yes, she had worth caution and some correction. Thus done it only once, and the particular purpose was to answer a bit of a closer look at the problem in western culture in general trivia.) might be in order. Is narcissism slipping into our teaching approaches, narcissistic personality disorder - A personality especially regarding our youth? We are each Mormons disorder characterized largely by an overinflated sense but simultaneously we are members of western culture. of self-importance typically caused by unbalanced As such are we feeding narcissism to some extent, in parental valuation during particular regarding the “daily lives” problem? childhood. (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/narcissistic_personalit An example could be the war parts of the Book of y_disorder) Mormon. Many members of the Church, whether In an article in Time magazine titled "Millennials: The Me millennials or older adults, are daunted by the challenge Me Me Generation" author Joel Stein wrote – of finding much to liken in those sections, which occupy a large part of the book. Many of us secretly see little value The incidence of narcissistic personality disorder is in them and skim through them in our assigned readings. nearly three times as high for people in their 20s as for We fail to note that the 15 major wars out of over 100 the generation that’s now 65 or older, according to the instances of armed conflict each had its own specifically detailed cause and outcome from a gospel perspective. If the book wanted it all boiled down simply to pride it could have saved over a hundred pages of text. We skip searching and studying more deeply and we are confident in reaching conclusions of those passages in the light of our own understanding. A millennial filled with positive affirmations and “convinced of their own greatness” can not only miss the deeper importance of such passages, but can suffer another disadvantage – When people with high self-esteem uses positive affirmation, it acts as a buffer for constructive criticism that goes against the self-perception … (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmations_(New_Age) ) In other words, a person who might otherwise be comparatively humble can have an internal resistance to some needed areas of repentance when principles conflict with their self-esteem or cultural predispositions. Other Cultural Perspectives There are more ways that our native culture can predispose us to certain approaches in understanding the scriptures. An example is our tendency to value the sermons in the Book of Mormon while devaluing the historical sections as mere details. In contrast other cultures can see those details as highly important. An American who served a mission to New Zealand recollected – The Maori read the Book of Mormon differently than I did … They saw it as a tragic story of families in conflict and sub-tribes and tribes quarreling with each other and bent on revenge for personal insults and factional quarrels. … They tended to focus on story instead of just the sermons, on the reports of evils inflicted on communities by pride and ambition … (“A Maori View of the Book of Mormon”, recollections of his mission, Journal of Book of Mormon Studies, v. 8, no. 1.) Not only do those insights help in understanding the importance of history, they also support a collectivistic approach. Additional insights are available from other cultures and humble us in being hasty and overly selfconfident in “feeling what’s right”. Summary Expecting all scripture to be applicable to daily lives of current mortals has disadvantages and perhaps even dangers. Inherent in the approach is the risk of perceiving that everything is about me in an overindulgence of the self. Does the emphasis of likening the scriptures, often with only superficial explanation of the particular passage at hand and with little attempt at fully understanding the author’s original intent, further invite a “millennial” to walk too much in the light of his or her own self? Perhaps. At the very least, requiring that gospel truths must apply to our immediate behavior today may diminish their grandeur and power and even demean the more sublime ones, such as those that take us beyond the here and now. As Neal A. Maxwell wrote – Eventually, the veil that now encloses us will be no more. Neither will time. (D&C 84:100) Time is clearly not our natural dimension. Thus it is that we are never really at home in time. … Whereas the fish is at home in water, we are clearly not at home in time—because we belong to eternity. Time, as much as any one thing, whispers to us that we are strangers here. (All These Things Shall Give Thee Experience, p. 11.) The greatness of God transcends our fractional moment in time and our tiny locale in space – And were it possible that man Could number the particles of the earth, Yea, millions of earths like this, It would not be a beginning To the number of thy creations; And thy curtains are stretched out still; And yet thou art there, And thy bosom is there … (Moses 7:30.) Joseph Smith is the greatest example in modern times of a leader and a teacher. He sets the bar well beyond the confines of what is immediately practical and applicable – Thy mind, O man! if thou wilt lead a soul unto salvation, must stretch as high as the utmost heavens, and search into and contemplate the darkest abyss, and the broad expanse of eternity—thou must commune with God. (History of The Church, v. 3, p. 295.) Extra Material In the relating the tribulations of the early saints to our own lives, a teacher can ask the students how it would be if someone stole their MP3 player or cell phone. While effective for the basic principle, it can trivialize the events of the saints being expelled from their homes in early winter. Such a thing back was more than a loss of property because people depended on their homes and stored foods for their very lives. Especially for parents with children and for the elderly, being thrust from their homes in winter could be consider attempted manslaughter – and in some cases the victims did indeed die. Modern students can identify with the loss of important property but they should also be helped to empathize with sacrifice beyond their experience. To some degree this occurred in the DVD example of Moses’ arms being supported. The principle of supporting our leaders is taught but the original story becomes somewhat of a caricature. There was indeed a real battle going on with real casualties. Likewise with Ammon in the sword and sling battle at the waters of Sebus: some of the Lord’s children died in the process of bringing light and life to others. For a given situation, if we cannot think of a better way of teaching the principle, perhaps we should at least be mindful of the gravity of the historical event. There is yet another potential problem. While we should relate the scriptures to ourselves we should probably never do so at the expense of a sound understanding of the original events. Our time has yielded a self-absorbed culture, and we can inadvertently be an enabler if the virtue of relating to oneself is stretched into a vice of selfcenteredness. A definition of empathy is as the ability to "put oneself into another's shoes" (Wikipedia.org). Sometimes we are too quick to cut the garment to our own size before appreciating those who originally wore it. Groups within the Church should be more than just individuals who are going in the same direction. We should be more like a basketball team with no-look passes. There is a whole category of stats kept in basketball on “assists”, which is where one player is responsible in part for another players scoring. The accomplish that both players must be in sync in mind and in action. “Daily” – Things that do not occur every day. Things that occur very few times during a life, such as baptism. Things that will occur a few years later, such as preparing for a mission. (perplexities of the nations) Things that will happen after this life. (Should we study those things or do we consider them impractical (Joseph Smith quote on the 3 degrees and that we should study them now and of greatest importance.) Beyond this life – One-to-one relationship between principle-actionblessing. Add explanatory, repeating sentences. Look up terminology. “Is this always the case?” House of Israel – scattering, gathering, BoM prophecies of a people, tribes (patriarchal blessing of lineage), families. “Enlarge thy soul without hypocrisy”. Find other passages about enlarging – Alma 32, JSH Topics not easily applied to our daily lives – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Pre-mortal existence Council in Heaven Creation Fall Flood of Noah House of Israel Scattering of Israel Gathering of Israel Isaiah Birth of the Savior Crucifixion Garden of Gethsemane Christ’s Visit to the Spirit World Christ’s Resurrection Forty-Day Ministry First Vision Restoration Signs of the Times Millennium Spirit World Judgment Resurrection Three Degrees of Glory Nature of the Godhead Christ is "the way, the truth and the life" (John 14:5) 26. L. Tom Perry – The lesson that week was on justification and sanctification. It was evident, as the lesson began, that the teacher was well prepared to instruct his brethren. Then a question prompted a response that changed the whole course of the lesson. In response to the question, one brother commented: "I have listened with great interest to the lesson material. The thought has crossed my mind that the information presented will soon be lost if we do not find application to put the material presented into practice in our daily lives.” Then he went on to propose a course of action. The night before, a citizen of the community had passed away. His wife was a member of the Church, but he had not been. This high priest had visited the widow and offered his sympathy. Leaving the home after the visit, his eyes wandered over the beautiful farm of the deceased brother. He had put so much of his life and labor into building it up. The alfalfa was ready to cut … The balance of the meeting was spent in organizing the project to assist her. (“Called of God”, General Conference, Oct. 2002.) Personal notes: It is unfortunate that “justification and sanctification” have become a stereotype among us of useless gospel information. They are serious doctrinal topics. The story could have simply have recounted how a quorum brought up a need, planned and met it. Rather it purposefully included detail that the instructor “was well prepared” to teach the topic, but the wise comment from a class member redirected “the whole course” of it. The topic then switched into a practical application about service. Should the Sermon the Mount, the King Follet Discourse and others have done likewise? According to our manuals, almost every lesson boils down to any of three main themes: service, obedience or being a good person. Are there valid themes that taught, learned and pondered independent of them? (The scriptures are full of them such as Three Degrees of Glory.) It is unfortunate that the themes of service, obedience and being a good person are positioned in opposition to other topics. They are not. Gospel topics are harmonious, not contradictory. The three big themes are designed to correct behavior, however they do little to build faith. Many individuals, peoples and organization worldwide do great service and filled with great character, but few build faith in Christ. Bruce R. McConkie – Our tendency it is an almost universal practice among most Church members is to get so involved with the operation of the institutional Church that we never gain faith like the ancients, simply because we do not involve ourselves in the basic gospel matters that were the center of their lives. (Doctrines of the Restoration, Mark McConkie, p. 236-237.) Besides over-involvement with the “institutional Church”, can a heavy emphasis on service for example come at a cost of building faith? It can certainly come at cost in understanding and mastery of theory, which is a commandment. D&C 97:14 – That they may be perfected in the understanding of their ministry, in theory, in principle, and in doctrine, in all things pertaining to the kingdom of God on the earth, the keys of which kingdom have been conferred upon you. While the topic of justification and sanctification can segue into a lesson on service, not every topic can or should do so. The quorum member said “that the information presented will soon be lost if we do not find application to put the material presented into practice in our daily lives.” We should not assume therefore that the only way to retain important information is through application. Joseph Smith – … We believe in [the Holy Ghost] being a comforter and a witness bearer, that it brings things past to our remembrance, leads us into all truth, and shows us of things to come. (History of The Church, v. 5, p. 27.) Neal A. Maxwell – Very importantly, the Holy Ghost brings needed things to our remembrance, so we should prepare by "treasuring up" precious things in our individual storehouses of memory. All of this can come "into [our] hearts … in the very hour, yea, in the very moment" (D&C 100:5-6). (Moving in His Majesty and Power, p. 65.) D&C 84:85 – … But treasure up in your minds continually the words of life, and it shall be given you in the very hour that portion that shall be meted unto every man. Perhaps a better approach in the story would have been to recognize the need and carve out a section of class time to address it. (This is what some quorums do routinely at the beginning of the meeting. The person who conducts asks if anyone knows of any needs and then the group discusses ways of addressing them.) While many concepts do benefit from application to our daily lives, doing so in some cases may cloud the higher topic and actually reduce retention and impact. Doing so could also potentially demean a topic such as the Crucifixion. Lesson topics are assigned months or even more than a year in advanced. This system does not lend itself to varying circumstances. Joseph Smith – All men know that they must die. And it is important that we should understand the reasons and causes of our exposure to the vicissitudes of life and of death, and the designs and purposes of God in our coming into the world, our sufferings here, and our departure hence. What is the object of our coming into existence, then dying and falling away, to be here no more? It is but reasonable to suppose that God would reveal something in reference to the matter, and it is a subject we ought to study more than any other. We ought to study it day and night, for the world is ignorant in reference to their true condition and relation. If we have any claim on our Heavenly Father for anything, it is for knowledge on this important subject. Could we read and comprehend all that has been written from the days of Adam, on the relation of man to God and angels in a future state, we should know very little about it. Reading the experience of others, or the revelation given to them, can never give us a comprehensive view of our condition and true relation to God. Knowledge of these things can only be obtained by experience through the ordinances of God set forth for that purpose. Could you gaze into heaven five minutes, you would know more than you would by reading all that ever was written on the subject. (History of The Church, v. 6, p. 50.) David McCullough, Jr – You are not special. You are not exceptional. Contrary to what your u9 soccer trophy suggests, your glowing seventh grade report card, despite every assurance of a certain corpulent purple dinosaur, that nice Mister Rogers and your batty Aunt Sylvia, no matter how often your maternal caped crusader has swooped in to save you… you’re nothing special. [The Book of Mormon says multiple times that we are “less than the dust of the earth” and Moses realized that “man is nothing”.] … We have of late, we Americans, to our detriment, come to love accolades more than genuine achievement. We have come to see them as the point — and we’re happy to compromise standards, or ignore reality, if we suspect that’s the quickest way, or only way, to have something to put on the mantelpiece, something to pose with, crow about, something with which to leverage ourselves into a better spot on the social totem pole. No longer is it how you play the game, no longer is it even whether you win or lose, or learn or grow, or enjoy yourself doing it… Now it’s “So what does this get me?” [“How do I use this in my daily life”?] As a consequence, we cheapen worthy endeavors … If you’ve learned anything in your years here I hope it’s that education should be for, rather than material advantage, the exhilaration of learning. You’ve learned, too, I hope, as Sophocles assured us, that wisdom is the chief element of happiness. (Wellesley High School commencement speech, 2012, http://theswellesleyreport.com/2012/06/wellesley-high-grads-toldyoure-not-special/) Brigham Young – Our work is to bring forth Zion, and produce the Kingdom of God in its perfection and beauty upon the earth. We have no business here other than to build up and establish the Zion of God. It must be done according to the will and law of God, after that pattern and order by which Enoch built up and perfected the former-day Zion, which was taken away to heaven, hence the saying went abroad that Zion had fled. By and by it will come back again, and as Enoch prepared his people to be worthy of translation, so we, through our faithfulness, must prepare ourselves to meet Zion from above when it shall return to earth, and to abide the brightness and glory of its coming. (Discourses of Brigham Young, p. 443) Jeanne Whalen – Screens have changed our reading patterns from the linear, left-to-right sequence of years past to a wild skimming and skipping pattern as we hunt for important words and information. More academics and writers are advocating a return to absorbing, uninterrupted reading—slow reading, as they call it. WSJ's Jeanne Whalen discusses with Tanya Rivero. Photo: Getty One 2006 study of the eye movements of 232 people looking at Web pages found they read in an "F" pattern, scanning all the way across the top line of text but only halfway across the next few lines, eventually sliding their eyes down the left side of the page in a vertical movement toward the bottom. None of this is good for our ability to comprehend deeply, scientists say. Reading text punctuated with links leads to weaker comprehension than reading plain text, several studies have shown. A 2007 study involving 100 people found that a multimedia presentation mixing words, sounds and moving pictures resulted in lower comprehension than reading plain text did. … Slow readers list numerous benefits to a regular reading habit, saying it improves their ability to concentrate, reduces stress levels and deepens their ability to think, listen and empathize. (Wall Street Journal, Sep. 16, 2014.) nar·cis·sism – Psychology: Extreme selfishness, with a grandiose view of one's own talents and a craving for admiration, as characterizing a personality type. Psychoanalysis: Self-centeredness arising from failure to distinguish the self from external objects, either in very young babies or as a feature of mental disorder. (www.google.com. President Uchtdorf mentions “this age of narcissism” in his talk in General Priesthood Conference, 10/4/2014.)