AQA A Managing Resources
Past exam questions.
For each question (1-25) choose the
best or most appropriate answers from
either A, B or C
1) Sp. P4 & 1998 P4 & P4F &P5H 2002 & P2F 2003 What is the
meaning of the term ‘renewable sources of energy’
• A) A source of energy that can only be
used once.
• B) Fuel supplies like coal oil and gas.
• C) Resources which are naturally replaced
after use so that they never run out.
2) P2F 2006 What is a resource
• A) Things that humans can use.
• B) Fuel supplies already discovered that
can be used in the future.
• C) Recovery of waste products to convert
into materials that can be used again.
3) P2F 2005 What is meant by the term non-renewable
• A) Resources which can be used again
and again, like water and wind.
• B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which
are finite, and will eventually run out are
examples. Once they have been used they
can’t be used again.
• C) Fossil fuels made from trees and
plants.
4) P4F & 5H 2000 & P4F 2002 Name 2 other types of
renewable energy (other than wind)
• A) Solar power and wind power.
• B) Coal and nuclear power.
• C) Hydro electric power (HEP) and solar
power.
5) P4F 2001 Which of the
following are non-renewable
• A) Biomass.
• B) Hydro electric power (HEP)
• C) Natural gas.
6) Sp. P4 & P5 State 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages
of using wind to make electricity
• A) The advantages of using wind to make electricity are
that that it is pollution free and the land between the
turbines can be used for farming. The disadvantages are
that no electricity is produced if there is no wind, and
some people think that the wind turbines are ugly and
spoil the countryside.
• B) Advantages of using wind are that it is cheap to
produce wind turbines and you get free electricity from
them. The disadvantages are that they can cause some
air pollution and can only be built in windy areas.
• C) The advantages of using wind to generate electricity
are that you can build a wind farm anywhere, and wind
turbines do not release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. The disadvantages are that wind power does
not produce as much energy as fossil fuel fired power
stations and the turbines can be a hazard to aircraft.
7) Why are sources of renewable
energy being developed?
• A) Sources of renewable energy are being developed because fossil
fuels will eventually run out.
• B) Sources of renewable energy are being developed because
traditional non renewable ways of producing energy are guilty of
polluting the environment. Also non renewables are finite, meaning
that eventually they will run out.
• C) We are developing sources of renewable energy because of
several reasons. Firstly, because the worlds’ population is increasing,
this simply means that more people require more energy. Also, as
countries develop their energy requirements rise because they use
more labour saving devices like dishwashers, computers etc.
Furthermore, the traditional non renewable methods of producing
energy are problematic, in that the fossil fuels used in energy
production are finite and will eventually run out. Also, non renewables
are found to be harmful to the environment because they contribute
towards global warming, whereas renewables will not run out and give
off little or no pollution.
8) 1998 P4 &P5 explain why there is likely to be a big increase in
the use of energy by the year 2010
• A) Because there will be more people in the world so they
will need more energy.
• B) There is likely to be a big increase in the use of energy
by the year 2010 because the worlds’ population will have
increased meaning that there will be higher energy
requirements. More people will have things like fridges
and have to cook food or keep warm, which means more
energy used. Also, as countries develop they use more
energy because they are able to afford labour saving
devices, tools and gadgets which we take for granted in
the developed world, like TVs, computers, cars etc.
Energy is required not only in running these devices but
also in their manufacture.
• C) There will be a big energy increase by 2010 because
statistics show that energy use has always increased over
time and because there will be more people, they will use
more energy than if there were less people. Also, China
and India are using up lots of energy
9) P2H & P2F 2005 Explain why there is an increasing demand for
resources such as those found in Antarctica
• A) Because Antarctica has lots of supplies of oil, coal
and gas which other countries need.
• B) There is an increased demand for the fossil fuels
which Antarctica is believed to be rich in because the
world’s known reserves of these resources are finite and
will eventually run out. Society has come to be reliant on
these resources to help meet their energy needs. Also,
there is a huge demand for fish which could help to feed
the growing populations of some countries.
• C) Countries will eventually run out of some resources
which are unsustainable, like fossil fuels. They can get
these from Antarctica instead.
10) P4F & P5H 2002 Why might energy use increase as
a country develops
• A) As countries become more developed there is a greater
demand for energy because people get more materialistic and
buy more products which use energy both in their
manufacture as well as in their use. For example, people will
buy labour saving devices like cars and dishwashers. These
both use up energy when they are made and every time they
are used. Also, as countries develop their industries develop
and industry is a large consumer of energy.
• B) As countries get richer they use more energy because
everybody gets cars and electrical goods. These both use lots
of oil and electricity, so this is why energy use will increase.
• C) Energy use might increase as a country gets more
developed because when a country gets richer its population
increases dramatically. This rise in population means that
more coal and gas is needed to heat their homes. They will
also need lots more petrol and diesel to fuel all the extra cars
and lorries that will be on the road.
11) P2H 2005 What is sustainable
development
• A) Sustainable development is development that
has happened in a sustainable way.
• B) Sustainable development is when economic
growth and other activities take place without
destroying the environment which we depend on,
meaning a good future for the earth.
• C) Sustainable development involves economic
activity that does not cause environmental
damage or exhausts natural resources to the
extent that standards of living for future
generations decline. An example of this would be
sustainable forestry.
12) 1994 P4 Explain how recycling can help reduce
damage to the environment
• A) Recycling old or waste products can help reduce damage to the
environment by conserving the natural resources that are needed to
make these products. Also, energy can be saved in recycling goods
rather than make new goods from raw materials. An example of this
is the recycling of old aluminium cans which only uses 5% of the
energy required to make new cans from bauxite, it’s raw material.
• B) Recycling means using alternative materials to make products.
This saves both energy and natural resources. An example of this is
the use of copper to make pipes for plumbing when lead became
scarce. We have preserved our lead supplies and copper is also
cheaper.
• C) Recycling is good for the environment because it means that we
are conserving valuable resources for the future. It also means that
if we recycle we will use less energy by driving to take all our old
products to the bottle and paper banks, than if we just threw these
things in the bin and let the council sort the rubbish out for us.
13) P2F 2006 Name 2 materials that can be recycled
• A) Paper and leather
• B) Glass and plastic
• C) Aluminium and coal
14) 1999 P4F What is global
warming
• A) Global warming is the filling up of the
earth’s atmosphere with pollution.
• B) Global warming is the increase in the
earths overall temperature.
• C) Global warming is the hole in the
earth’s atmosphere letting more heat in
from the sun.
15)P2F Explain why it is important to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide being released
• A) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
because it is one of the greenhouse gases that
is responsible for accelerating the natural
greenhouse effect which is causing global
warming.
• B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
because it is one of the greenhouse gases that
is responsible for causing a hole in the earth’s
ozone layer which is causing global warming.
• C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2
because It is responsible for causing acid rain
which erodes buildings.
16)P2F 2007 Explain why the control of pollution needs
to be agreed by many countries if it is to be successful
• A) Pollution is a worldwide problem and can cross the
borders of many countries so all countries need to work
together to control pollution. An example of this is acid
rain which has been caused by coal fired power stations
in the UK but effects Sweden and Germany because of
wind blown air pollution.
• B) Pollution control needs to be agreed by many
countries because the more countries controlling
pollution the less pollution there is in the world.
• C) If more countries agree to control pollution it means
that global warming will stop and the ice caps will not
melt. This will be good for us because it means that we
will not have another ice age like in the film “The Day
After Tomorrow”.
17) P5H 2002 Explain how some environments
encourage tourism
• A) Places that have natural or human attractions will
encourage tourists to visit. Natural attractions may
include things like good weather, nice beaches or
beautiful scenery. Examples may include places like the
Algarve in Portugal or the Lake District in England.
Human attractions may include things like ancient
monuments or theme parks. Examples of these would be
Rome in Italy or Disneyworld In Florida.
• B) Some environments encourage tourism because they
are full of things to see and do. In some places there are
loads of activities, which is great because that means
you will never get bored and always have something to
do. These places are different to those at home which
makes them good for tourists.
• C) Places that have lots of things people can do, and
where you can get different food help to encourage
tourism.
18)1999 P5 Using 1 or more examples describe and explain how
tourism in LEDC’s and MEDC’s can be encouraged without
harming the environment
•
•
•
A) Tourism can be encouraged in both LEDCs and MEDCs as long as it is
sustainable tourism. An example of this is ecotourism in the Galapagos
islands.
B) Ecotourism or sustainable tourism should meet the needs of local people
without damaging the environment in which tourists want to see or do
things. This type of tourism is practiced in both LEDCs and MEDCs. .An
example in a MEDC is the Kuranda Skyrail in Queensland Australia. Here a
cable car has been built above the rainforest and this allows people to
experience the rainforest environment without damaging it. It was built
without destroying any of the rainforest and gives guide jobs to native
Aborigine people. Another example of ecotourism occurs in the Galapagos
islands in the Pacific Ocean. Here there is unique plant and animal life
which people want to see. Tourists have to follow strict rules to ensure that
this fragile environment is not destroyed. They have to stick to paths, not
take any plants, shells etc and stay with a guide at all times. They also have
to pay a fee which is used for conservation.
C) Places like Benidorm in Spain and Blackpool in the UK, have
encouraged tourism that does not harm the environment. This type of
tourism is called sustainable tourism. In Benidorm they have built loads of
modern hotels which look really good and they import loads of English food
to keep the tourists from Britain happy. In Blackpool they have built showers
on the beach to wash the sand of people’s feet so that the beach is not
eroded and the tourists will keep coming back because they have a lovely
beach to use.
19) P2H & P2F 2005 For an area of the UK that you have
studied, explain why the tourist industry has developed
there
•
•
•
A) Benidorm developed as a tourist resort in the late 1950s because it had a
great climate; warm with plenty of sun all year round. It also has great
beaches with a clear blue sea. Holiday companies provided cheap package
tours and people had more time off work with pay so they could go.
B) The Peak District National Park has a thriving tourist industry with people
visiting from all over the UK and abroad. They love the rugged coastline
with its high cliffs and the fresh air that it provides. People can climb Scafell
Pike the highest mountain in England and generally enjoy the beauty of the
scenery. Since it is so close to the densely populated conurbations of
Tyneside and Clydeside it has lots of potential visitors within a short car
journey away. There are also lots of other things to do here like visiting the
human attractions at Shugborough Hall. Furthermore, because there is lots
of free parking everywhere it is attractive to motorists, who make up the
largest group of tourists.
C) The Peak District National Park in the north of England has developed as
a tourist area. It has developed considerably for tourism since being
designated as a National Park in 1948. It is an area of scenic beauty and
wild unspoilt landscapes which people like to see and enjoy. People can
walk, cycle and climb as well as doing lots of other outdoor pursuits. Also, in
the Peak District there are several honeypot sites which attract people.
Examples include Castleton and Bakewell which have many attractions like
cafes, pubs and souvenir shops for tourists. Being near to several large
conurbations means that the Park is accessible to many potential tourists.
20) P2F 2002 Suggest 2 environmental problems
caused by tourism
• A) Tourism causes problems like forcing local people off their land to
build hotels like in Benidorm in Spain. Another problem is that jobs
in tourism are often seasonal, meaning people can’t earn money all
year round like in Blackpool in England.
• B) Tourism can cause problems like pollution and erosion. In the
Peak District in England pollution levels are sometimes high
because of all the exhaust fumes from visitor’s cars. In Amboseli
National Park in Kenya the large numbers of tourist safari buses can
erode the unpaved roads.
• C) Tourism causes lots of environmental problems. One of these is
the disturbance to endangered species in national parks like
Amboseli in Kenya. It is possible that tourists get too close and
scare the animals away and therefore interfere with their breeding.
Another example is that tourists can offend the culture and traditions
of local people. Women from Europe, who sunbath topless can
offend some in Muslim countries like Egypt.
21) P2F 2003 Using examples of places you have
studied, describe the advantages of tourism
•
•
•
A) Tourism is good for places because it brings in money and it gives people jobs, as
well as often helping to improve the infrastructure of a place. It also helps to preserve
local customs and traditions. An example of this is in Kenya where local people are
employed to work as tour guides or in hotels in the coastal resort of Mombasa. As
Kenya is a LEDC it can earn much needed foreign exchange from tourists coming from
MEDCs. In Benidorm, Spain, the beach has been cleaned up and improvements have
been made to the sewage system which benefits locals as well as tourists. Futhermore,
tourism is helping the Masai people in Kenya. Traditions are being preserved by putting
on shows for tourists and showing them what life is like in their villages.
B) Tourism brings lots of advantages as well as disadvantages to places. One of these
is the disturbance to endangered species in Kenyan national parks like Amboseli.
Sometimes tourists can get too close and scare the animals away which may affect
their breeding. Another example is when tourism can affect the local culture. An
example of this is women from Europe topless sunbathing and offending some people
in Muslim countries like Egypt. Advantages include making money from tourists and
creating employment like working as a waiter or a maid in a hotel.
C) Tourism brings lots of advantages to places. People get to see people from other
countries and experience different cultures. Wealth is created by tourists spending their
cash while they are on holiday. People are employed in tourist related jobs like hotel
workers and lifeguards. Another advantage is that local people can benefit from
improvements in infrastructure which have been done for tourists.
22) Sp P4 With reference to a LEDC area you have studied in the
world, what attractions does this area have for European holiday
makers.
• A) Kenya has several attractions for European tourists such as fantastic,
fine, white sandy beaches for relaxing on, as well as the warm clear
Indian Ocean for swimming in. It also has a coral reef for snorkelling
and scuba diving. Furthermore, there are many national parks where
people can see wildlife that you only get in zoos in Europe, like
elephants and lions.
• B) Benidorm in Spain, is great for European tourists because it has lots
of attractions like a clean beach for relaxing on and clear blue sea for
swimming in. It also has lots of new, modern hotels which are very
luxurious. Also, Benidorm has good nightlife with plenty of pubs,
restaurants and discos which Europeans like. Furthermore, people
speak English and you can get English food and drink almost anywhere.
• C) The Galapagos islands in the Pacific Ocean has lots of attractions for
European visitors. There are loads of rare wildlife which people can see.
23)P2H 2004 Describe the advantages and the disadvantages of
tourism to the economies of LEDCs
•
•
•
A) Tourism brings both advantages and disadvantages to the economies of
LEDCs. Economic advantages include the jobs created for local people
working in tourist developments like hotels and airports. Also the local
economy benefits by tourists spending money on souvenirs and locally
produced foods. Disadvantages are that sometimes the environment is
destroyed for the building of hotels and airports for tourists.
B) Tourism brings both advantages and disadvantages to the economies of
LEDCs. Economic advantages include the jobs created for local people
working in tourist developments like hotels and airports. Also the local
economy benefits by tourists spending money on souvenirs and locally
produced foods. Disadvantages include the fact that a lot of jobs can be
unskilled and low paid and seasonal.
C) Tourism brings both advantages and disadvantages to the economies of
LEDCs. Advantages are that local cultures and traditions are preserved.
The environment is preserved for tourists and locals to enjoy. Also, tourism
earns the country money through foreign exchange. Disadvantages are that
sometimes the environment is destroyed for the building of hotels and
airports for tourists. Also, tourists can look down on local people and treat
them badly. Finally, tourists can be fickle and when places go out of fashion
they can lose money.
24)P2F and P2H 2007 Explain how MEDCs gain from
the development of tourism in an LEDC
•
•
•
A) MEDCs gain from tourism because they earn a lot of money from people
visiting LEDCs. Lots of jobs are created as well which keeps people off the
dole. We also benefit by meeting tourists from LEDCs because there is
cultural exchange.
B) MEDCs gain from the development of tourism in LEDCs in several ways.
Firstly, lots of the large hotel chains like Hyatt have hotels in LEDCs like
Kenya. A lot of the money they make through tourists goes back to the
country where the company is from, which is usually a MEDC, and so a lot of
money leaks out of the LEDC. Also most of the top jobs in these hotels are
taken by well educated company staff, which are usually from MEDC
countries, rather than local people. Furthermore, when wealthy tourists stay in
these hotels they demand food and drink brands which they are familiar with,
e.g. .Heineken beer. So the hotel has to import this from MEDCs and so
money does not always trickle down to benefit the local economy. Instead, the
MEDC companies gain from exporting their products to the LEDC. Finally, the
airlines that transport the tourists from the MEDCs to the LEDCs are mostly
MEDC owned, so a lot of the profit goes back to the MEDC.
C) MEDC gain from the development of tourism in many ways. Large hotel
chains get the tourists’ money. Jobs in these hotels tend to go to MEDC
employees. MEDC companies benefit by exporting tourist products like food
and drink. MEDC owned airlines transport passengers to LEDC holiday
destinations. MEDC citizens get to see different places and cultures. They can
also spend money on gifts and souvenirs which benefits the local community.
So all in all there are lots of gains for MEDCs.
25) P4 1998 & P2H 2006 What is
green tourism
• A) Green tourism involves tourists who
deliberately travel short distances to reduce their
environmental impact
• B) Green tourism is when tourists prefer to go to
countryside areas like forests and mountains or
lakes and national parks. Places where there is
a lot of greenery.
• C) Green tourism is tourism in which the
protection of the environment and the way of life
of local people is considered important enough
to take action to protect them. It is the same as
eco-tourism
Managing resources answers
•
•
•
•
•
•
Answers
1) C
6) A
2) A
7) C
3) B
8) B
4) C
9) B
5) C
10) A
11) C
12) A
13) B
14) B
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) B
19) C
20) B
21) A
22) A
23) C
24) B
25) C