WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?
Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design
approach for reducing the impact of products on the
environment.
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while
preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for
generations to come.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Sustainable design (also called environmental design, environmentally sustainable design,
environmentally conscious design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built
environment, and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological
sustainability.
wikipedia.org
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% of product impact on
environment
WHY “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?
100
80
60
40
20
0
Specification
Development
Conceptual
Design
Detailed
design
Time
70% - 80% of product impact on environment is established after
20% of design activity is complete (just like with production cost)
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Products may have an adverse effect on environment during their entire life cycle.
Therefore, all life stages must beer considered in Design for Environment.
Otto et al Product Design”
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
1. Specification Development / Planning Phase
Determine need, customer and engineering requirements
Develop a project plan
2. Conceptual Design Phase
Generate and evaluate concepts
Select best solution
3. Detail Design Phase
This is when product has
impact on environment
Documentation and part specification
Prototype evaluation
4. Production Phase
Component manufacture and assembly
Plant facilities / capabilities
5. Service Phase
Installation, use , maintenance and safety
6. Product Retirement Phase
Length of use, disposal, and recycle
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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT GUIDELINES
Guidelines
for
PRODUCT STRUCTURE
Guidelines
for
MATERIAL SELECTION
Guidelines
for
LABELING AND FINISH
Guidelines
for
FASTENING
Otto et al Product Design”
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PRODUCT STRUCTURE GUIDELINES
Guideline
Reason
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MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES
Guideline
Reason
Otto et al Product Design”
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LABELING AND FINISHING GUIDELINES
Guideline
Reason
Otto et al Product Design”
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FASTENING GUIDELINES
Guideline
Reason
Otto et al Product Design”
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DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT PRACTICES
Guidelines
for
ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING
Guidelines
for
RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY
Guidelines
for
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Guidelines
for
ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING
Guidelines
for
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION
Guidelines
for
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING
Non-toxic processes & production materials
Minimum energy utilization
Minimize emissions
Minimize waste, scrap & by-products
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY
Re-use / refurbishment of components & assemblies
Material selection to enable re-use (e.g., thermoset plastics vs. thermoplastics) and
minimize toxicity
Avoids filler material in plastics such as fiberglass and graphite
Minimum number of materials / colors to facilitate separating materials and re-use
Material identification to facilitate re-use
Design to enable materials to be easily separated
Design for disassembly (e.g., fracture points, fastening vs. bonding)
Avoid use of adhesives
Limit contaminants - additives, coatings, metal plating of plastics, etc.
Maximize use of recycled or ground material with virgin material
Design for serviceability to minimize disposal of non-working products
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Appliances
Heating & Cooling
Home Electronics
Office Equipment
Lighting
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING
Minimum of packaging materials
Reusable pallets, totes and packaging
Recyclable packaging materials
Bio-degradable packaging materials
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION
No ozone depleting CFCs or HCFCs used in manufacturing processes.
Elimination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl
ethers and oxides (PBBEs/PBDEs and PBDOs) from products.
Reduction in the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mechanical parts.
http://www.bsdglobal.com/tools/bt_dfe.asp
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Provide ready access to parts, fasteners, etc. to support disassembly.
Design modular products to enable modules to be disassembled for
service or re-use.
Minimize weight of individual parts and modules to facilitate
disassembly.
Use joining and fastening techniques to facilitate disassembly (e.g.,
fasteners instead of adhesives)
Minimize fragile parts to enable re-use and re-assembly.
Use connectors instead of hard-wired connections.
Design to enable use of common hand tools for disassembly.
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Design for disassembly is nothing more than the planned
mortality of human creation.
Everything that is made must be unmade at some future date.
This is the natural imperative.
Everything must eventually be recycled, therefore, everything
that is introduced into the biosphere must have a plan for its
disposal when it is created!
http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
BMW's 1991 Z1 Roadster, whose plastic side panels come apart like the halves of a walnut shell, is
an example of a car designed for disassembly. One of the lessons learned, is that glue or solder in
bumpers should be replaced with fasteners so that the bumpers can come apart more easily and the
materials can be recycled. BMW is also changing instrument panels. In the past they were made of
an assortment of synthetics glued together. Now BMW uses variations of polyurethane, foam, and
rubber so the panel can be recycled. The portion of a car recycled is 80% by weight and BMW is
aiming for 95%.
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http://www.npd-solutions.com/dfe.html
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Modular computer chassis – easy to separate components for disassembly
http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
"Dart" fastener - easy to separate components for disassembly
http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Miniature fuel cells - easy to separate components for disassembly
http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
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DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
Human-powered portables
http://www.moea.state.mn.us/p2/dfe-examples.cfm
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SUMMARY OF TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Design to minimize material usage
Design for disassembly
Design for recycling
Design for remanufacturing
Design to minimize hazardous materials
Design for energy efficiency
Design to regulations and standards
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
BIODEGRADABILITY
Vegetable transmission
fluid and hydraulic fluid
Will not cause permanent
contamination if spilled.
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Diesel engine
5L/100km
Some not very cool products are excellent for environments
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
http://us.toshiba.com/green/reuse-and-recycling
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
http://www.steamwhistle.ca/ourbeer/greenInitiatives.php
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
Materials Impacts
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
Manufacturing impact
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
Use & Transportation Impacts
Energy and Fleet costs
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT
End of Life
Pollution Costs of Disposal
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Glass Beer Bottles vs. Aluminum
Beer Cans
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Aluminum vs. Steel Wheels
For more information please visit:
http://www.inkavera.com/2010/09/30/lca/aluminum-wheels-versus-steel-wheels/
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SolidWorks Sustainability
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ADD-INS WITH COMPLETE FUNCTIONALITY
ADD-INS XPRESS STYLE
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
By integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into the design process, you can see how
decisions about material, manufacturing, and location (where parts are manufactured and
where they are used) influence a design’s environmental impact. You specify various
parameters that SolidWorks Sustainability uses to perform a comprehensive evaluation of all
the steps in a design’s life.
Life Cycle Assessment included:
•Ore extraction from the earth
•Material processing
•Part manufacturing
•Assembly
•Product usage by the end consumer
•End of Life (EOL) – Landfill, recycling, and incineration
•All the transportation that occurs between and within each of these steps.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS
SolidWorks Sustainability assesses all the life cycle steps based on your material, manufacturing, and
location input.
SolidWorks Sustainability distills the results into environmental impact factors, which it measures and totals:
Carbon Emissions
Carbon dioxide and equivalents, such as carbon monoxide and methane, that are released into the
atmosphere, resulting in global warming.
Energy Consumed
All forms of energy consumed over the entire life cycle of the product.
Air Acidification
Air pollution primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels, eventually leading to acid rain.
Water Eutrophication
Contamination by fertilizers that travel through rivers to coastal waters, resulting in algae blooms and
the eventual killing of all sea life in certain coastal regions.
SolidWorks Sustainability provides real-time feedback on these impact factors in the Environmental Impact
Dashboard, which updates dynamically with any changes. You can generate customizable reports to share
the results.
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
SUSTAINABILITY XPRESS
Injection molded plastic part
Sheet metal steel part