Margaret Leal and Maddy Klement Day B, Period 3 World History September 14, 2012 The ancient Hebrews and their religion, Judaism, have been a major influence on Western civilization. Judaism-a monotheistic religion originating with the Israelites, tracing its origins to Abraham, and having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Talmud. Torah-the first five books of the Hebrew Bible; the most sacred texts of the Jewish faith. Abraham-according to the Bible, the originator of the Jewish line of descent; according to the Qu’ran, the ancestor of the Arabs; he held a deep devotion to and a great trust in the will of God. Covenant-a binding agreement. Patriarch –an ancestral “father” of Judaism. Moses-(1500s-1400s BC) Hebrew prophet and lawgiver; according to the Bible, he led the Hebrew people out of Egypt and back to Canaan in the Exodus. According to the Bible, it was during this journey that he received the Ten Commandments from God. Exodus-the escape of the Hebrews from Egypt. Diaspora-the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine during the 2,600 years that followed the destruction of the Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BC by the Chaldeans. Monotheism-the belief in one god. What are the major events in the history of the early Hebrews? Abraham makes a covenant with God Made slaves in Egypt Exodus- left a life of slavery Mount Siani – receive Ten Commandments Move to Canaan How did the Kingdom of Israel develop, and who were some of its key leaders ? Came from the Israelites that were led to Canaan by Moses Kings: Saul, David, Solomon Saul: chosen for military leadership, won against Philistines, not as well liked. David: becomes 2nd king, well liked by the people, strong military leader and king, was a poet and musician. Solomon: gained much power and wealth, and very wise. What are the basic teachings and sacred texts of Judaism? The Torah, the most sacred texts. Made of 5 books There are additional texts that make up the Hebrew Bible. They belief in one God, monotheistic Belief of justice (kindness and fairness) and righteousness (doing what is right and proper). Obedience to the law- Ten Commandments Conflict of new King- ten tribes in the north is Israel and two tribes in the south, was the Kingdom of Judah. Became know as the Jews 722 B.C. Israel fell to the Asyrians Judah fell to the Chaldeans in 586 B.C. Persians were the last people to conquer the land from the Chaldeans. They allowed the Jews to come back to Jerusalem Rebuilt Solomon’s Temple- the 2nd Temple