Define the following vocabulary words in the back of your Social Studies notebook:
• Democracy
• Knights
• Joint-stock companies
• Black-Death
End

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1 U.S. Map 2 U.S. Map Labelled
3 Western Hemisphere 4 Eastern Hemisphere
5 Comparing Early Civilizations 6 Journal Entry 1
7 Cultures of North America
9 The Influence of Trade
11 Europeans on the Rise
8 Journal Entry 2
10 The Map of Riches!
12 DBQ Analysis: World’s Collide
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Judaism
Key Terms
Characteristics
Christianity
The Athenians
The Romans
The Middle Ages
The Crusades
The Renaissance
Martin Luther
Henry the Navigator
EQ : What major influences shaped European civilization?

• Judaism and Christianity shaped European religious and moral beliefs.
• Judaism arose among the Israelites around
1700 BCE and was the first major religion to teach monotheism . Unlike other early religions, Judaism taught that all people , even powerful rulers, had to obey God’s laws.

• Christianity arose about 2000 years ago when people saw Jesus as the Messiah , the Savior chosen by God. Others saw him as a political threat and had him crucified.
According to Christian doctrine, all people have a chance for salvation.

• Ancient Greek and Roman traditions shaped
European political systems, and later influenced the founders of the U.S.
• In the 400’s BCE, the
Greek city-state of
Athens was a direct democracy, a form of government in which an assembly of ordinary citizens made decisions.
– Any adult male citizen could participate

• In 509 BCE, the Romans set up a republic, a form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them . An elected senate and assembly would make laws.
– Everyone was equal under the law, and if you were accused of a crime, you were innocent until proven guilty.

• Rome fell to invaders in 476 CE and fragmented
Europe into small kingdoms. For 1,000 years,
Europe was living in the Middle Ages .
• By the 800’s, kings and nobles relied on feudalism .
• Daily life revolved around the Catholic
Church , and in 1095,
Pope Urban II declared a
Crusade to win the Holy
Land from the Muslims.

• In the 1300’s, the Renaissance revived interest in ancient Greece and Rome. Art, science, and inventions flourished.
• Powerful countries arose which resulted in
Spain, Portugal, France
England shifting their trade routes to the
Atlantic Ocean.
and

• In 1517, the German monk Martin Luther demanded that the Catholic Church reform itself. Those who joined him in protesting certain practices of the Church were called
Protestants.
• This caused the creation of new churches and religious sects within Christianity that also pushed Europe into religious wars .

• Prince Henry the Navigator hoped to expand Portuguese power and spread
Christianity to new lands. In the 1400’s, he set up a navigation center at Sagres, where sailors learned to use maps, the magnetic compass, and the astrolabe . With these skills, Portuguese sailors opened the way for exploration!!!

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Answer the following questions in the back of your Social Studies notebook
based on the document on the next page:
• Why did the Spanish cut the hands off of the Natives?
• What is the relationship between the
Spaniards and the Natives at the time of this image?
End

Spaniards are cutting off the hands of Natives for not meeting their gold quota.