Basic Computer Concepts
Basic Principles of
Networking


Networking is the problem of delivering a message from a source to a destination.
The problem of giving meaning to these messages received is called communication.
Computer Interconnections

Basic Principles of
Networking
Use of Computer Networks

Networks for Companies v v resource sharing dynamic rerouting
Basic Computer Concepts

Networks for People v v v access to remote information person-to-person communication interactive communication
Computer Interconnections

Basic Computer Concepts
Basic Principles of
Networking
Communication Channels

 a pathway over which information can be transferred information sent over a channel has source
(often called the transmitter), from which the information originates, and destination (often called the receiver), to which the information is delivered
Computer Interconnections

Basic Computer Concepts
Basic Principles of
Networking
Communication Channels


 simplex channel - is a channel whose direction of transmission is unchanging half-duplex channel - is a channel in which the direction may be reversed, but the transmission does not occur at the same time full-duplex channel - is a channel that allows simultaneous exchange in both directions

Types of Transmission Technologies v v
Point-to-point networks - consist of many connections to individual pairs of machines
Broadcast networks - all the machines on the network share a single channel
Computer Interconnections

Basic Computer Concepts
Basic Principles of
Networking
Network Topologies
 bus network - a common channel connects all devices
 ring network - all messages travel in a ring, either in clockwise or counterclockwise direction
Computer Interconnections

Basic Computer Concepts
Basic Principles of
Networking
Network Topologies

 tree network - integrates multiple star topologies together into a bus star network - a central connection point
(called the hub) is used and all other devices connect through it
 mesh network - involves the concept of routes, where a message is sent on the network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination
Computer Interconnections

Distributed Systems
Basic Computer Concepts

Centralized Data Processing (CDP) is the conventional way of doing all the processing and control on centralized computers
Holiday Inn Information System: A Centralized
System Architecture
Computer Interconnections

Distributed Systems
Basic Computer Concepts

Distributed Data Processing (DDP) refers to the manipulation of data using distributed systems
J. P. Morgan’s Distributed Systems Architecture
Computer Interconnections

Distributed Systems
Basic Computer Concepts

Client/Server is an extension of distributed data processing wherein it provides the best of both centralized and distributed data processing
AAA Client/Server Architecture
Computer Interconnections

Distributed Systems
Basic Computer Concepts


Local Area Networks (LANs) connect network devices over relatively short distances and usually owned by an individual or corporation.
Wide Area Networks (WANs) span a large physical distance (geographically-dispersed collections of LANs) and mostly owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management.
Computer Interconnections

Basic Computer Concepts
Computer Interconnections * Property of STI
Page 11 of 12

Computer Interconnections
Basic Computer Concepts