Friendly Warning :
Test # 2 next Week
(Thursday)
19 July 2012
Covers “1950s”:
Chapters 2 & 3
Chapter 3 Overview
• 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British
Invasion” (Beatles, etc.)
• Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley)
- market segmentation into teenyboppers and older
• “Brill Building” - Aldon Music
- Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc.
- Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.)
- Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.)
• “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream
• Rockabilly goes Pop
• Surf Music from California
• Folk Music influences – politics & social issues
Brill Building
1619 Broadway
• North end of Times Square
• Aldon Music locates here
• “Vertical integration” of
- songwriting
- demos
- publishing
- recording & distribution
• Producers in charge
• Songwriting to order
• Girl Groups
Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s)
• King & Goffin : YouTube - THE
SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE
ME TOMORROW (1960)
• King & Goffin : YouTube - Little
Eva The Locomotion (1962)
• Sedaka & Howie Greenfield:
Carole King (b. 1942) &
Gerry Goffin (b. 1939)
Stupid Cupid Connie Francis YouTube
• Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry :
The Ronettes - YouTube
• Ronald Mack (manager, not a
songwriter) : THE CHIFFONS
Neil Sedaka
(b. 1939)
Howie Greenfield
(1936-86)
(HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE
*Different version* - YouTube
(1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol
records as “too trite…too simple”)
(Jerry) Lieber and (Mike) Stoller
• R & B composers/producers
• Numerous crossover hits
(“Hound dog”, “Kansas City”)
• “We thought we were black….”
• “….we write records”
• Musical stories in well produced
formats (first for R&B)
• Ex. The Coasters - Charlie
Brown - YouTube
• Ex. YouTube - Down in Mexico
by The Coasters (text, p. 129)
The Coasters
Phil Spector
(b. 1939)
•
•
•
•
Session musican/composer
Producer as “star”
“Wall of Sound”
Examples
- Da Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals
(Lyrics) – YouTube
- YouTube - The Ronettes - Be My
Baby (Lip sync)
- The Crystals - Then He Kissed Me
(1963) – YouTube
Convicted of • Recently……
2nd degree
murder (2009)
“You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’”
The
Righteous
Brothers
(Medley
and
Hatfield)
• Composed by Cynthia Mann,
Barry Weill, Phil Spector
• “too slow, too long”
- “3:05” on label
(over 3:45 on air)
• Bridge changes mood!?
• # 1 in 1965 (US), # 1 in UK in
1965, 1969, 1990)
• YouTube - Righteous
Brothers You've Lost That
Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM)
• BMI: “Most played song of
the 20th Century”
R&B Before “Soul”
• Nate King Cole (1919-1965)
- jazz pianist & singer
- Ex. NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME
– YouTube (pop # 6)
• Johnny Mathis (b. 1935)
- “pop” singer (“romantic” album)
- Ex. Johnny Mathis - Chances Are
– YouTube (1957, Pop # 1)
• Ray Charles (1930-2004)
- R&B, Country, Gospel, etc.
- Ex. Ray Charles - I Got A Woman –
YouTube (1955 R&B #1)
- Cf. The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“
954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTube
“Sweet Soul”
• Born Mississippi
- son of Baptist Minister (w/ 8 children)
- Gospel singer from about age of nine
• The Soul Stirrers (founded 1926, Texas)
- leading Gospel Quartet
- Cooke joins c. 1940
- The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke He'll Make A Way – YouTube (C.1954)
- Soul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTube
(1955)
- The Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke)
– YouTube (1956)
• Move to Secular/Popular (c. 1956/57)
- first recordings under pseudonyms
- YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send Me (#
1on Pop and R&B)
- SAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" –
YouTube
- Sam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics
– YouTube
- YouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute (mix of
excerpts w/ history)
Sam Cooke
(1931-64)
Doo Wop
• Drifters (Doo Wop vocal group)
- backup to Clyde McPhatter (since 1953)
- group “fired” 1958
• (New) Drifters formed 1958/59
- Ben E. King as lead vocals
• Examples
- Ben E. King and The Drifters - There
Goes My Baby – YouTube (1959)
- YouTube - The Drifters - Up On The
Roof (1963)
- THE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. –
YouTube (1953)
• Ben E. King
- fired from Drifters
- Ben E King - Spanish Harlem –
YouTube
- YouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me
(note circular harmonies: I-vi-IV-V)
The Drifters (original group)
The Drifters (replacements)