«ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΜΕΣΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΤΕΧΝΗ»
Ελένη Ξανθάκου, 2ο ΠΠΓ Αθηνών
Στάδια της μεθόδου
Στάδιο 1: Προσδιορισμός της ανάγκης για κριτική διερεύνηση ενός θέματος
«Οι συνέπειες του πολέμου/ The Consequences of War»
Στάδιο 2:
Οι εκπαιδευόμενοι καταγράφουν τις απόψεις τους
(ΓΡΑΠΤΑ) επάνω σε ένα θέμα, υπό τη μορφή μικρής εργασίας:
Η καταγραφή αυτή σκόπιμο είναι να απαντά σε ένα ανοικτό ερώτημα:
«Τι σκεφτόσαστε για τις συνέπειες του πολέμου; /
What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?»
Η δραστηριότητα γίνεται σε μικρές ομάδες τριών ή τεσσάρων ατόμων (6 ομάδες
τεσσάρων ατόμων και μία τριών ατόμων)/ The activity is intended for 7 groups of
3-4 students.
Γ2 groups
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
The Cold
War
WW 2
The Nazi
Trojan War
The North
& the South
The
Navarino
Naval
warfare
WW 1
Eleana K.,
Katerina
Th,
Stavros K.
Apostolis K.
Teodora K.,
Bartek Z.,
Antonis D.,
Maria K.
Mikele K.,
Paris K.,
Theodora
K.,
George E.
Kon/os K.,
Thania K.,
Vaggelis K.,
Dimitris K.
Argyro K.,
Elli K.,
Panayiotis
K.,
Christos K.
Niki K.,
Dimitra K.,
Natalia K.,
Denisa L.
George K.,
Areti K.,
Eleni K.
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
The North & the South
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?

Many people die

We have environmental destruction

Many cities are destroyed

Living standards are low

There is a cultural crisis

Future generations have to face war consequences

Winner country has domination over other countries

Psychological consequences to people who survive wars
Because

Some need to expand borders

Some need to defend their country from an invasion

Countries want to dominate others

Countries want to take revenge
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
The Trojan war
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?

There are a lot of victims

Many children die

War harms the national economy

Many families are destroyed

The populations are mixed and many children are left without parents

When the war ends there are no jobs for people to live by

Many cities are destroyed
Because

Many countries want to boost their wealth through the wealth of other countries

Some countries want to expand their territory

Some leaders do it fun

Some countries do it for revenge
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
WW 2
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?
The destructive consequences of war are many. First of all, during the war many people die
which is the cause of the reduction of the world population. Also, the environment is being
destroyed by the army weapons which are harmful for the nature. Furthermore, the economy of
many countries is severely damaged. In the end, many people become homeless, and they do not
have food and water to survive. So, war is really bad for the development of the country.
People engage in wars because they want to expand their borders. Another reason is that they
want to save themselves from their enemies.
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
The Cold War
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?

Population is reduced

The cities are destroyed

The relationships between countries are damaged

Economy is weakened

The environment gets polluted

Generations are vanished

Whole nations are lost forever

Birth rates face problems
Because

Counties want to use other countries’ internal wealth

There are religious issues

Countries want to expand
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
The Navarino naval warfare
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?
Nowadays, despite the vanity of war, there are wars happening with bad consequences. You do
not gain anything when you go to war. On the contrary you cause your life a lot of worries. There
are casualties and victims and many cities are destroyed along with their beautiful sights.
Moreover, nature and the environment are destroyed . Many children stay alone without parents.
Bad people rob parents of their money and cause them to die. War causes many psychological
problems and you cannot live your life the way you want.
People go to war to save their country, for their religion, to take revenge, for economic reasons,
due to racism & because of commerce. Sometimes people are bribed to go to war.
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
WW 1
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?

People die

There is a detrimental effect on the economy

Towns, cities and the environment are devastated

Art is eliminated

Hatred among people dominates

Nations are split

There is widespread poverty and hunger

Illnesses cannot be treated medically so they spread everywhere

After a war, everything gets balanced and peace returns

Nations are renewed
Because

Nations want to expand so they conquer foreign land

Political, civilization, religious differences

A country intends to gain another country’s internal wealth
ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ ΤΟΥ 2ου ΣΤΑΔΙΟΥ
The Nazi
‘What comes to mind when thinking about the consequences of War?

A big amount of the population is dead

Reduction of population

Poverty

Hunger

Destruction of the economy

Cities are destroyed

Fear is spread through the people

People lose their homes and become refugees

Many times there are civil wars within a nation after a war

Nations are split

Remarkable works of art are destroyed

Illnesses are spread
Because

Authorized people/Officials see advantages of war differently from common people

Racism

Religious matters

There is need to gain power

There is need to expand a nation

Financial reasons
Στάδιο 3: Προσδιορισμός:
α)των υποθεμάτων που θα εξεταστούν και
β) των κριτικών ερωτημάτων επάνω στα υποθέματα
Υποθέματα:
α. Πως θα σχολιάζατε την αναγκαιότητα του πολέμου;/
What do you think about the pervasive nature of war?
β. Ποιοι είναι οι πιθανοί τρόποι επίλυσης διαφορών; /
How can problems be resolved?
Κριτικά ερωτήματα:
α. Γιατί οι άνθρωποι κάνουν πολέμους; / Why do
people engage in wars?
β. Πιστεύετε ότι η κυριαρχία είναι η ύστατη
λύση; / Do you think dominance is the
ultimate solution?
Στάδιο 4: α)Επιλογή των έργων τέχνης
β)Συσχέτιση των έργων με τα κριτικά ερωτήματα
Επιλέγονται τα ακόλουθα έργα Τέχνης ως εναύσματα για να συζητηθούν τα κριτικά ερωτήματα.
Το νόημα των έργων τέχνης συσχετίζεται με το περιεχόμενο των κριτικών ερωτημάτων: Δημιουργείται ένας
πίνακας συσχέτισης.
Mark Gertler
Merry-Go-Round
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/gertler-merry-go-round-t03846

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Artist: Mark Gertler 1891–1939
Title: Merry-Go-Round
Date: 1916
Medium Oil paint on canvas
Dimensions Support: 1892 x 1422 mm
frame: 2100 x 1620 x 75 mm
Collection :Tate
Acquisition Purchased :1984
Reference: T03846
Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson
La Mitrailleuse
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/nevinson-la-mitrailleuse-n03177
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Artist: Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson 1889–1946
Title: La Mitrailleuse
Date: 1915
Medium Oil paint on canvas
Dimensions Support: 610 x 508 mm
frame: 777 x 670 x 90 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Presented by the Contemporary Art Society
1917
Reference: N03177
Sir William Orpen
Zonnebeke
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/orpen-zonnebeke-t07694
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Artist: Sir William Orpen 1878–1931
Title: Zonnebeke
Date: 1918
Medium Oil paint on canvas
Dimensions Support: 635 x 762 mm
frame: 820 x 953 x 75 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Presented by Diana Olivier 2001
Reference: T07694
James Boswell
The Fall of London: The Horseguard
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/boswell-the-fall-of-london-the-horseguard-p11655
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Artist: James Boswell 1906–1971
Title: The Fall of London: The Horseguard
Date1933
Medium Lithograph on paper
Dimensions Image: 133 x 95 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Presented by Ruth Boswell, the artist's
widow 2000
Reference: P11655
Tracey Emin
Hate and Power Can be a Terrible Thing
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/emin-hate-and-power-can-be-a-terrible-thing-t11891
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Artist: Tracey Emin born 1963
Title: Hate and Power Can be a Terrible Thing
Date: 2004
Medium Textiles
Dimensions Object: 2700 x 2060 x 3 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Purchased : 2004
Reference: T11891
George Stubbs
Horse Attacked by a Lion
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/stubbs-horse-attacked-by-a-lion-t01192
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Artist : George Stubbs 1724–1806
Title: Horse Attacked by a Lion
Date1769
Medium Enamel on copper
Dimensions Support: 241 x 283 mm
frame: 514 x 560 x 74 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Purchased with assistance from the Friends
of the Tate Gallery 1970
Reference: T01192
Jake Chapman & Dinos Chapman
Disasters of War
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/chapman-disasters-of-war-t07454
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Artist: Jake Chapman born 1966
Dinos Chapman born 1962
Title: Disasters of War
Date: 1993
Medium Plastic, polyester resin, synthetic fibres, wood
and guitar strings
Dimensions Displayed: 1300 x 2000 x 2000 mm
Collection: Tate
Acquisition Purchased 1998
Reference: T07454
Πίνακας συσχέτισης έργων Τέχνης - Κριτικών ερωτημάτων
ΕΡΓΟ
ΚΑΛΛΙΤΕΧΝΗΣ
α Κριτικό Ερώτημα
β Κριτικό Ερώτημα
Merry-Go-Round
Mark Gertler
*
*
La Mitrailleuse
Christopher Richard Wynne
Nevinson
*
*
Zonnebeke
Sir William Orpen
*
*
The Fall of London: The
Horseguard
James Boswell
*
*
Hate and Power Can be a
Terrible Thing
Tracey Emin
*
*
Horse Attacked by a Lion
George Stubbs
*
*
Disasters of War
Jake Chapman & Dinos
Chapman
*
*
Στάδιο 5: α) Επεξεργασία των έργων τέχνης
β) Συσχέτιση της επεξεργασίας αυτής με τα
κριτικά ερωτήματα
Στάδιο 5α:
Γίνεται επεξεργασία δύο έργων τέχνης που επιλέγονται από τους μαθητές.
Χρησιμοποιούνται εναλλακτικά οι τεχνικές:
- Οι τέσσερις φάσεις της τεχνικής του D. Perkins
- H τεχνική “Visible Thinking”
ΤΟ ΚΡΙΤΙΚΟ ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑ : α. Γιατί οι άνθρωποι κάνουν πολέμους; / Why do
people engage in wars?
Mark Gertler
Merry-Go-Round
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/gert
ler-merry-go-round-t03846
ΤΟ ΚΡΙΤΙΚΟ ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑ: β. Πιστεύετε ότι η κυριαρχία είναι η ύστατη
λύση; / Do you think dominance is the
ultimate solution?
James Boswell
The Fall of London: The Horseguard
http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/boswellthe-fall-of-london-the-horseguard-p11655
Τεχνική Επεξεργασίας
Τεχνική : D. Perkins
Τεχνική: Visible Thinking
Τεχνική προσέγγισης
Mark Gertler
Merry-Go-Round
James Boswell
The Fall of London: The Horseguard
Τεχνική : D. Perkins

Look at the painting.

Express what you see.

Formulate questions.
(T writes everything that comes up/ No
interpretation.)

Look more attentively.

Express what makes an impression on you
(Expression).

How do you explain possible surprises you
have encountered?

(Interpretation)
Τεχνική: Visible Thinking

What do you see?

What is going on?

What makes you draw the conclusions you
make?

What makes you wonder?

What seems to worry you?
Στάδιο
5β
(η
εργασία
γίνεται
στις
αρχικές
ομάδες):
Όλες οι ιδέες που προκύπτουν στο στάδιο 5α συσχετίζονται με τα κριτικά
ερωτήματα.
Στο τέλος της διαδικασίας του 5ου Σταδίου, οι απόψεις των εκπαιδευομένων για το θέμα
αναμένεται να έχουν εμπλουτιστεί πολύ, με κριτικό και δημιουργικό τρόπο.
Στάδιο 6: Κριτικός Αναστοχασμός

Οι εκπαιδευόμενοι γράφουν την ίδια μικρή εργασία που εκπόνησαν στο 2ο Στάδιο στις ίδιες ομάδες.

Γίνεται σύνθεση και αντλούνται συμπεράσματα.
Η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου αναμένεται να ευαισθητοποιήσει τους
μαθητές και να τους καταστήσει κριτικούς παρατηρητές της
κοινωνικής πραγματικότητας.
Ελένη Ξανθάκου
2ο ΠΠ Γυμνάσιο Αθήνας, 17/3/2015