WELCOME Academic and Administrative Leaders’ Forum April 27, 2006 Data, Dialogue, Decide and DO! Using Western’s Campus Communications Survey and Culture Survey Results to Increase Workplace Engagement Data, Dialogue, Decide and DO! Using Western’s Campus Communications Survey and Culture Survey Results to Increase Workplace Engagement • Michael Sullivan, The Strategic Counsel • Dr. John Meyer, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Western • Tim Jackson, Masters of Organizational Psychology Candidate Western’s Organizational Culture Inventory June 2003 and November 2006 Campus Communications Survey November 2003 and February 2006 Ideal Culture, 2003 1. Set realistic but challenging goals, make plans, and take ownership for reaching those goals 2. Enjoy work and bring to the job our integrity, creativity, and desire to learn and develop our talents to the fullest. 3. Help and encourage each other, show concern, and support each other’s success, without win-lose competition. 4. Motivate each other with friendliness, care about the group’s satisfaction and success, and build community in the workplace. Actual Culture, 2003 Decrease: - Pushing decisions upwards - Avoiding the tough decisions - Opposing new ideas - Focussing on flaws Do More: - Thinking in unique and independent ways - Enjoying our work - Building relationships Western’s Organizational Culture Inventory June 2003 and November 2006 Campus Communications Survey November 2003 and February 2006 2006 survey objectives 1. Assess changes in perceptions of internal communications since 2003 survey 2. Understand preferred sources and channels for specific information needs 3. Identify priority areas for improvement 2006 survey methodology • • • • • • • • • Conducted by The Strategic Counsel Modified from 2003 questionnaire Sample size = 5,800 Total response = 1,433 (25%) Online = 1,345 Paper = 88 Faculty response = 297 (21%) Staff response = 807 (56%) Remainder did not identify (23%) Summary of survey findings Communications have improved since 2003 • More than half of those with an opinion agree • “updated regularly on changes to policies & procedures” - 53% agree (vs. 43% in 2003) • “provided with relevant information – 60% agree (vs. 50% in 2003) • “provided with information when needed” – 60% agree (vs. 48% in 2003) • Few people (1 in 20) say communications from any individuals or groups have worsened Overall Impressions of Employee Communications % Agree (5, 6 or 7 on a 7-point scale) Employee Type - 2006 Total 2003 (n=1129) % Total 2006 (n=1433) % Faculty (n=297) % Staff (n=807) % Western is a satisfying place to work 71 79 75 81 I have a clear understanding of Western’s mission and goals 56 66 61 71 Western provides me with information that is relevant to me 50 60 52 63 Western provides me with information with I need it 48 60 54 62 It is important that faculty and staff be involved in the internal communications process at Western n/a 89 85 92 Western encourages two-way communication between its administration and other staff and faculty 31* 45 37 49 I get a lot of the information I need from the “grapevine” 50 54 49 56 It is difficult to find the information I need within the written materials provided by Western 32 35 41 35 Q.1: * Base: Thinking of your experience working at Western, please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. For each statement, please check one response only. Change in question wording All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Perceptions of Change in Quality of Communications from Primary Sources University President (n=215) 61 12 39 43 University Vice-Presidents (n=120) 38 46 Dean/Associate Dean (n=233) 37 45 6 12 (Staff only) Your Direct Supervisor (n=412) 37 45 6 12 “Grapevine” (n=588) Communications… Base: 1 Head or Director of Department (n=507) Human Resources Department (n=402) Q.7: 27 30 12 Have Improved 5 4 52 63 Have Stayed the Same 13 4 7 Have Worsened 12 14 18 DK/NA Please indicate if communications from and to those you indicated were a primary source of information have improved, worsened, or stayed about the same in the last 2 years. Among those who indicated source was “primary” StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Summary of survey findings People “largely satisfied” they are kept informed • no major issues with quality of communications from any individuals or groups • no major issues with regularly used major channels • no fewer than half say Western is doing a good job providing information on: employment benefits, job postings, academic/operational plans, recognition programs, mission & goals, policies & procedures Familiarity with Information Relevant to Employees Total Familiar (5,6,7) % Employment benefits 19 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 20 My Faculty’s Academic Plan/My department’s or unit’s operational plan 20 Western’s mission and goals Western’s policies and procedures 9 Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum 9 Base: 17 20 40 14 74 5 3 63 8 2 61 4 1 59 31 58 1 49 17 23 26 Familiar (5,6) Not at all familiar (1) 31 20 21 48 23 14 16 45 Very familiar (7) Not familiar (2,3) Q.2: 12 41 10 10 15 43 14 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs 12 55 22 7 6 32 Neutral (4) DK/NA Thinking of your experience working at Western, please indicate how familiar you consider yourself to be with the following topics or issues. For each statement, please check one response only. All respondents (n=1433) StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Assessments of Communications about Information Relevant to Employees Employment benefits 14 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 16 My Faculty’s Academic Plan/My department’s or unit’s operational plan 16 Western’s mission and goals 51 44 7 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs 7 Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum 8 21 39 22 16 (5,6) 16 Neutral (4) 4 5 60 3 57 20 5 2 55 21 4 3 51 5 3 46 8 33 18 18 44 Excellent job (7) Q.3: Base: 14 44 25 15 15 41 11 Western’s policies and procedures 15 Total Excellent/Good (5,6,7) % 65 32 8 24 27 16 (2,3) Poor Job (1) DK/NA For the following topics or issues, please indicate how well Western is doing in keeping you informed. All respondents (n=1433) StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Summary of survey findings Clear roles perceived for different individuals or groups with respect to information they deliver • President = vision, goals and relationship with community • HR Dept. = benefits, career opportunities, health & safety • Deans/Directors/Supervisors = academic/operational unit plans, local policies and procedures Note: Faculty members prefer to receive information from academic sources Preferred Sources for Information Relevant to Employees All Staff/Faculty (n=1433) HR Dep’t % University President % University VPs % Dean/ Associate Dean % Direct Supervisor (Staff only) % Other % DK/NA/Ref % 2 5 66 24 16 14 1 4 33 3 30 18 18 16 29 4 5 Employment benefits 8 1 87 1 1 2 14 2 2 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 18 3 75 1 1 5 16 3 5 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs 21 3 61 1 3 5 27 7 4 Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum 32 2 12 11 12 10 28 3 22 My Faculty’s Academic Plan/My department’s/unit’s operational plan 66 3 2 1 4 27 32 <1 3 Head/ Director % Colleagues/ co-workers % Western’s mission and goals 24 Western’s policies and procedures Q.6: Base: For the issues and topics listed below, which of the following people should provide each type of information directly to you? Please check as many as apply. All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Preferred Sources for Information about Events/Initiatives All Staff/Faculty (n=1433) HR Dep’t % University President % University VPs % Dean/ Associate Dean % Direct Supervisor (Staff only) % Other % DK/NA/Ref 6 7 23 20 12 11 19 17 16 15 14 9 9 8 13 24 21 Recognition programs such as the Distinguished University Professorship and The Western Award of Excellence for staff members 31 2 21 23 14 19 18 6 8 Western’s relationship with the London area community 9 2 4 54 25 10 5 10 12 Head/ Director % Colleagues/ co-workers % Fundraising events and initiatives 15 Social events at Western Q.6: Base: For the issues and topics listed below, which of the following people should provide each type of information directly to you? Please check as many as apply. All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Preferred Source(s) for Receiving Information Dept meetings Seminars and Presentations Consultations or working sessions Other DK/NA/Ref % % % % % % 25 7 17 13 7 1 3 55 34 12 19 11 8 1 2 12 56 42 15 9 17 8 1 2 49 12 44 35 3 6 1 1 1 5 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 32 14 63 32 3 6 1 2 2 3 Social events at Western 48 11 43 44 3 5 1 <1 1 4 Recognition programs 45 20 48 41 5 12 2 1 1 3 Western’s relationship with the London area community 56 9 47 23 2 5 3 2 2 4 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs 18 14 52 34 11 15 18 8 1 3 Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum 17 13 28 35 6 20 7 4 1 16 My faculty’s academic plan/ My dept’s/unit’s operational plan 4 34 16 29 12 50 12 14 1 2 Western News Faculty/ Dept Newsletters Email Paper Memorandums Western websites % % % % Western’s mission and goals 31 14 54 Western’s policies and procedures 16 16 Employment benefits 13 Fundraising events and initiatives Q.10 Base: For each of the following subjects, please indicate which would be your preferred source(s) for receiving information about these subjects. (For each subject, please indicate as many sources as necessary) All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Summary of survey findings Home page and Western News remain most frequently read communication vehicles • • • • Home page (86% use/read regularly/occasionally) Western News (84%) Broadcast emails and Western Matters (75%) External media, HR web site, Faculty/Dept. web site (73%) Note: Staff more likely to use these sources, except for Faculty web sites Frequency of Reading/Using Different Publications Western’s Home Page 62 53 Western News External media outlets 41 Faculty/Departmental newsletters Student Gazette newspaper 19 President’s Annual Report 18 Alumni Gazette magazine 19 Student recruitment brochures Q.9 Base: 12 10 19 22 18 30 29 16 11 26 Regularly Occasionally 75 36 Never 73 2 73 3 66 57 49 8 28 27 Seldom 3 14 17 24 16 75 2 7 74 5 19 28 26 84 1 9 11 32 23 7 17 34 35 7 17 32 32 7 15 40 Faculty/Departmental websites Faculty & Staff website 14 37 33 5 18 29 38 Human Resources website 11 33 46 President’s electronic newsletter, Western Matters 10 31 41 Broadcast emails Western’s Research Newsletter 24 Total Regularly/ Occasionally % 4 86 47 7 20 42 28 12 Never heard of/seen Please indicate how frequently you read/use the following publications or resources. All respondents (n=1433) StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal 26 Summary of survey findings Room to improve the amount of information provided on certain key topics: • • • • • • Workplace health and safety policy and programs Information coming from Leaders/Managers Forum Academic/operational plans General policies and procedures Employment benefits Western’s relationship with London area community Level of Information Need about Different Topics/Issues 2006 - All Staff/Faculty (n=1433) Need More Information % I Get The Right Amount of Information % I Need Less Information % Don’t know/not applicable % Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum 45 37 5 13 Western’s policies and procedures 42 54 2 2 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs 42 53 2 3 My Faculty’s Academic Plan/My department’s/unit’s operational plan 41 54 2 3 Employment benefits 40 58 1 2 Western’s relationship with the London area community 40 50 5 5 Western’s mission and goals 31 63 3 3 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 31 61 4 4 Social events at Western 31 56 9 4 Recognition programs such as the Distinguished University Professorship and The Western Award of Excellence for staff members 25 66 5 4 Fundraising events and initiatives 18 62 15 5 Other 10 24 2 64 2006 Q. 5 For the following topics or issues, please indicate your level of information need. For each topic/issue, please check only one response only. Base: All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Level of Information Need about Different Topics/Issues % “Need More Information” Employee Type - 2006 Total 2003 (n=1129) % Total 2006 (n=1433) % Faculty (n=297) % Staff (n=807) % Information coming from the Leaders/Managers Forum n/a 45 42 47 Western’s policies and procedures 57* 42 43 41 Western’s workplace health and safety policy and programs n/a 42 36 45 My Faculty’s Academic Plan/My department’s/unit’s operational plan n/a 41 38 43 Employment benefits 60 40 43 39 Western’s relationship with the London area community 53 40 43 39 Western’s mission and goals 57* 31 40 29 Job postings and other opportunities for advancement 56 31 28 33 Social events at Western 33 31 29 31 Recognition programs such as the Distinguished University Professorship and The Western Award of Excellence for staff members n/a 25 32 22 Fundraising events and initiatives 27 18 16 18 Other n/a 10 8 10 2006 Q.5: For the following topics or issues, please indicate your level of information need. For each topic/issue, please check only one response only. 2003 Q. 4: And thinking of each of the following topics or issues, please indicate whether you would like to receive more information than you do now, less information than you do now, or about the same. * Change in question wording Base: All respondents StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Summary of survey findings Room to improve on the extent of consultation with staff and faculty about important issues • Fewer than half agree Western encourages two-way communication between administration and faculty/staff • Fewer than half agree Western usually consults when making changes to mission/goals, policies, procedures, and when developing new University-wide initiatives • 30% disagree that Western usually consults Perceptions of Effort Made to Consult and Communicate with Employees Total Agree (5,6,7) % Overall, Western has improved the way it communicates with faculty and staff over the past 2 years 10 Overall, Western has improved the way it consults with faculty and staff over the past 2 years 7 I am updated regularly on changes to University policies and procedures 10 Western usually consults with faculty and staff when making changes to its mission, goals, policies, procedures and when developing new University-wide initiatives 7 Base: 14 42 14 I am made aware of new University initiatives that might affect me Q.1: 14 33 11 I am updated regularly on faculty, staff, student and alumni achievements (Staff only) My direct supervisor does a good job of communicating with me about any changes or policies or programs at Western that might have a direct effect on me or my work 37 13 16 16 36 40 21 6 15 17 30 47 25 15 46 Totally agree (7) Disagree (2,3) 21 5 17 51 22 5 20 22 8 17 11 19 9 Agree (5,6) Totally disagree (1) 3 53 32 65 4 3 56 37 2 58 Neutral (4) DK/NA Thinking of your experience working at Western, please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements. For each statement, please check one response only. All respondents (n=1433) StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Data, Dialogue, Decide, and DO StrIctly PrIvIleged and ConfIdentIal Leadership Practices and Employee Commitment John Meyer & Timothy Jackson Department of Psychology The University of Western Ontario Key Points • A committed workforce benefits all It’s “win-win” for employees and the organization • Leaders play a key role in building commitment Directly – through their interactions Indirectly – through the conditions they create What is Commitment? A Definition Commitment is a mindset that binds an individual to an entity or cause, and to course of action of relevance to that entity or cause. What is Commitment? Defining Characteristics • Internal – a state of mind • Targeted – made to an entity or cause with specified terms – Organization – continue employment – Policy – implement fully and consistently – Project – work toward successful completion • Binding – makes disengagement difficult Why is Commitment Important? Commitment has been found to have the following benefits: – Retention – Engagement – Performance “beyond expectation” – Employee well-being But, not all commitments are equal! How Commitments Differ Mindset Matters! Commitment can be characterized by three different mindsets (alone or in various combinations) Desire (“I want to …”) Obligation (“I ought to …”) Perceived cost (“I have to …”) Why Mindset Matters: An Illustration The Context • Survey of hospital employees in Alberta • 545 full- and part-time non-management employees Gellatly, Meyer & Luchak (2006) Why Mindset Matters The Measures • Commitment to the organization – Desire-based e.g., “This organization has a great deal of personal meaning for me.” – Obligation-based e.g., “I owe a great deal to my organization” – Cost-based e.g., “It would be very hard for me to leave this organization now even if I wanted to.” Why Mindset Matters The Measures (continued) – Intention to remain e.g., “I rarely think of quitting my job.” – Discretionary Performance e.g.,“volunteering to do tasks that are not normally part of the job” Why Mindset Matters 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters 0.600 Average for all employees Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour Profiles reflect relative strength of the three mindsets -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 Lowest intention to stay among the “uncommitted” -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 Lowest Discretionary Performance for “Costbased Commitment” -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters Best “combination” when desire and obligation are both strong 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Why Mindset Matters Value-based Commitment “right and desirable thing to do” 0.600 Stay Intentions 0.400 Discretionary Performance 0.200 0.000 Standard Scores for Behaviour -0.200 -0.400 -0.600 -0.800 Desire Obligation Cost Frequency Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 Profile 4 Profile 5 High- High- High- High- Low- High- High- Low- Low- High- High- Low- High- Low- High- 117 95 31 36 48 Profile 6 Profile 7 Profile 8 Low- Low- Low- High- Low- Low- Low- High- Low- 41 74 103 Commitment Profile Groups Building Value-based Commitment Major factors include … • Organizational support – Commitment to employees demonstrated through caring and valuing • Fair treatment – Policies and practices that ensure fair distribution of resources, and treatment with dignity and respect • Shared values – Identification with the organization and a sense of common purpose • Meaningful work – Opportunity to take responsibility for something that makes a difference, and to see the results Transformational Leadership • 4 dimensions for effective leadership – Idealized Influence – Inspirational Motivation – Intellectual Stimulation – Individualized Consideration Transformational Leadership • Idealized Influence – Talk about important values and beliefs – Communicate a strong sense of purpose – Consider ethical/moral consequences of decisions – Emphasize the importance of having a collective sense of mission Transformational Leadership • Inspirational Motivation – Articulate a compelling vision of the future – Talk optimistically about the future – Talk enthusiastically about what needs to be accomplished – Express confidence that goals will be achieved Transformational Leadership • Intellectual Stimulation – Re-examine critical assumptions to question whether they are appropriate – Suggest different ways of looking at problems – Seek differing perspectives when solving problems – Encourage direct reports to look at problems from different angles Transformational Leadership • Individualized Consideration – Spend time teaching and coaching – Treat direct reports as individuals, not just as members of a group – Consider individual direct reports as having different needs, abilities, and aspirations as others – Help to develop direct reports’ strengths Walking and Talking: Communication and Leadership • Two types of communication are implied by the transformational leadership paradigm 1. Verbal communication • • E.g. articulating a compelling vision of the future E.g. expressing confidence that goals will be achieved 2. Behavioural communication • • • E.g. showing direct reports concern for their development and growth E.g. considering the moral/ethical consequences of decisions Transformational leadership suggests that both types of communication are important, and that consistency between messages sent is important Leadership, Commitment and Performance Leadership Commitment Performance Current Research – Leadership and Job Attitudes Survey Leadership Identification Commitment Performance Best Principles To build value-based commitment… 1. Provide organizational support 2. Treat employees fairly (policies and practices) 3. Emphasize shared values between employees and the organization 4. Provide opportunities for meaningful work For effective leadership… 1. Use transformational principles as appropriate in a given work situation 2. Show consistency between verbal and behavioural communication Thank you! • If you have further questions, or would like more information about this research, please contact one of us: • John Meyer: meyer@uwo.ca • Tim Jackson: tjacks@uwo.ca Data, DIALOGUE, Decide and Do • What’s one tip on building commitment that stood out for you? • If values-based or affective commitment is the goal, what are you doing now to achieve it; what challenges do you face? • What questions do you have for Tim and John? 2006-2007 FORUM SERIES • • • • • October 26, 2006 November 30, 2006 January 18, 2007 March 22, 2007 April 26, 2007 Thank you, Facilitators! Jennifer Ashenden Krys Chelchowski Donna Chute-Dolan Chris Costello Deb Dawson Karli Farrow Andrew Fuller Stephanie Hayne Ruth Heard Ruta Lawrence Scott May Donna Moore Nancy Patrick Terry Rice Peggy Roffey Malcolm Ruddock Harriet Rykse Nancy Stewart Mary Stiles Have a safe and happy spring and summer!