Year 11
GCSE PE
Sports Injuries
Sports Injuries
Learning Objectives:
1.Be able to explain how sports injuries are caused
2. To develop an understanding of the different
types of sports injuries and how to medically treat
them.
Starter:
1.What is the purpose of a warm up and what are
the stages of a warm up? (3 minutes)
A* Answer.
A warm up before taking part in any form of
exercise is essential. It is called a warm up
because the bodies temperature increases when
heat is produced as a by product of muscular
action. The range of movement is increased,
preventing straining or pulling of the muscles. It
is also for Psychological preparation as it helps
players prepare mentally for
training/competition.
Stages of a Warm Up
1.Pulse raisers
Includes activities like light jogging, which will
increase the HR and therefore the movement of
Oxygen and Glycogen stores to the muscles that
need energy. This also warms the synovial fluid
and makes joints more mobile.
Stages of a Warm up
2. Flexibility/ stretching
Stretching exercises will increase the range of
movement at the joint and help to prevent
muscle ligament and tendon damage.
Stages of a Warm Up
3.Skill Rehearsal
Means practice of movement skills through the
full range of movement. Actual skills of the
game are performed. These will work the
muscles and help with mental preparation.
There should be a gradual increase of pace to
full speed.
Is injury part of
playing sport?
Agree or Disagree
Prevention of some
injuries may be possible
if a person does what?
(Discuss in pairs)
Prevention of some injuries may be
possible if an athlete:•
•
•
•
Warms up /cools down correctly
Uses the correct equipment
Knows the rules and regulations
Checks if the surface an facilities are safe to
use.
• Does not participate if over tired.
• Ensures that a teacher/coach is always
present.
Sports Injuries
Injuries occur in two ways:-
externally or internally
Externally
• An externally caused injury might involve
someone bumping into you, impacting on
your body to cause a fracture or dislocation.
• The external environment also brings risks,
like dehydration in severe heat.
External Force
( sudden stress injuries)
Impact injuries are common in invasion sports
There are two types:
Impact with someone (tackle, collision, punch,
kick) or something (landing hard, running into a
post). These cause cuts, bruises, sprains,
fractures, dislocations or concussion.
The environment – very hot or cold conditions.
Heat causes dehydration. Cold causes
hypothermia.
Internally
• Internally, very sudden powerful movements
can tear and strain muscles, tendons.
Something that’s also possible from overuse
(Overuse Injuries).
Overuse injuries
Overuse injuries are caused by using a part of
the body again and again and can also be
brought on by:• Heavy training Programmes
• Insufficient rest between events, training.
• Poor technique
• Badly designed footwear or equipment
Examples of overuse injuries
Inflammation of the elbow known as golf elbow
and tennis elbow .
Football, hockey and basketball players are
prone to knee cartilage injuries due to twisting ,
turning and landing.
Other examples are Stress fractures and Shin
splints
Chronic Injuries
• happen when injuries are not treated or given
time to heal. These can lead to arthritis.
The type of injury could be mild or severe, for
example like an ‘open fracture’,
when bones break
and come out
through the skin.
Soft tissue injuries
Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or
torn around a joint, eg twisted or sprained
ankle.
Strains - when a muscle or tendon is
overstretched or torn, eg pulled muscle.
Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under
the skin following impact.
Skin Damage
Abrasions small grazes should be cleaned
with water and covered to protect against
infection.
Blisters - caused by friction or rubbing
which produces a layer of fluid under the
skin. Should be covered with a plaster. Do
not burst
Cuts
Caused by impact with a sharp object.
Need to be treated by stopping bleeding and
letting the blood clot ASAP.
A clean dressing can be used to apply pressure
until bleeding stops.
Injured part may need to be raised to slow
bleeding down.
RICE
RICE
is the protocol used for the treatment of
soft tissue injuries.
What do It stands for ?
RICE
• Rest - Stop playing immediately and take any weight
off the injured area
• Ice - Apply ice to the injured area. This helps to slow
the bleeding and swelling by making the blood vessels
constrict
• Compression - Using a compression bandage on the
area will also help to control swelling. Make sure its not
so tight that it cuts off the circulation altogether!
• Elevation - Keeping the injured part raised above the
heart helps swelling drain away and reduce blood flow
to the area
Fractures
Fracture is an injury that damages the bone.
Closed - when the bone breaks but stays inside
the skin.
Open - when the bone breaks and comes out
through the skin.
Do you know what a
green stick fracture is?
Joint injuries
Dislocation - when the bones of a joint are
wrenched apart.
Tennis and golf elbow - damage to tendons
caused by overuse.
Cartilage - which tears in the knee and can 'lock'
the joint
Winding
A blow to the abdomen can cause feelings of
difficulty when breathing , pain and nausea.
Treatment
Treat this by stopping exercise, leaning forwards
and gently rubbing the area
Hyperthermia
This is where the body temperature rises too
high and usually occurs following exercising in a
hot climate. Signs of this are a weak pulse and
pale, clammy skin.
Treatment
To treat this, lay the athlete down in a cool place
and give them a drink before seeking medical
advice.
Hypothermia
This is the opposite, where body temperature
goes too low (below 35 degrees C).
Symptoms include an irregular heart rate, stiff
muscles and possible unconsciousness.
Treatment
You must slowly raise the body temperature by
removing wet clothing and wrapping in a warm,
dry blanket, and giving warm drinks and maybe
a warm bath.
Concussion
This is caused by a knock to the head which can
cause dizziness, memory loss, disorientation and
sometime unconsciousness.
Treatment
If conscious they should be kept under
observation for 24 hours. If unconscious they
should be put in the recovery position and an
ambulance called.