Great Brains of the
Enlightenment
Gallery Walk
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Pair-Share
• What was the enlightenment?
• What enlightenment philosophers
contributed ideas to our form of
government today and what were
their ideas?
What was the Enlightenment?
• An intellectual movement; thinkers used
reason and the scientific method to help them
understand their world especially in
government
• They said that God did not give people the
right to rule
• Instead, the right to rule came from the
people.
Standards
• CA 12.1 Students explain the fundamental
principles and moral values of American democracy
as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other
essential documents of American democracy.
• 1. Analyze the influence of ancient Greek, Roman,
English, and leading European political thinkers such
as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò
Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the
development of American government.
Objective
• Students will be able explain the
contributions of Enlightenment
philosophers to democracy by
completing a gallery walk.
Film Clip: Enlightenment Philosophers
Gallery Walk
• STEP 1: Walk around the room and read the
placards on the wall that describe the ideas of
the important Enlightenment philosophers.
• STEP 2: Complete the corresponding
WORKSHEET: Gallery Walk – The
Enlightenment Philosophers.
• STEP 3: When you have finished, complete the
wrap-up question on your worksheet.
Review Question
Which idea do you think was
the most important to the
development of Democracy
and why? Be ready to share
your answers with the class.
Review Game
“Guess the Philosopher”
Directions: Read the excerpt and
guess which philosopher had the
most influence over it’s ideas.
John Locke
• When in the Course of human events, it
becomes necessary for one people to dissolve
the political bands which have connected them
with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the
causes which impel them to the separation.
• The Declaration of Independence
Becarria
• No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a
presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, nor
shall any person be subject for the same offence
to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor
shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a
witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
liberty, or property, without due process of law;
nor shall private property be taken for public
use, without just compensation.
• The U.S. Constitution: Amendment V:
Montesquieu
• No Title of Nobility shall be
granted by the United States…
• The U.S. Constitution: Article I,
section 9:
Rousseau
• We the People of the United States, in Order
to form a more perfect Union, establish
Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for
the common defense, promote the general
Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United
States of America.
• Preamble: The U.S. Constitution
Blackstone
• The right of the people to be secure in
their persons, houses, papers, and
effects, against unreasonable searches
and seizures, shall not be violated, and
no Warrants shall issue, but upon
probable cause. . .
• Amendment IV: The U.S. Constitution
Becarria
• In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by
an impartial jury . . .and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation; to be
confronted with the witnesses against him;
and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his
defence.
• Amendment VI : The U.S. Constitution
John Locke
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among
these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.-That to secure these rights, Governments are
instituted among Men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed, --That whenever
any Form of Government becomes destructive of
these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to
abolish it, and to institute new Government…
• The Declaration of Independence
Montesquieu
• Article. II ,Section. 1.The executive Power shall
be vested in a President of the United States
of America.
• Article. I., Section 1 All legislative Powers
herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of
the United States, which shall consist of a
Senate and House of Representatives.
• Article III., Section 1: The judicial Power shall
be vested in one supreme Court. . .
• The U.S. Constitution
Becarria
• Excessive bail shall not be
required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.
• Amendment VIII: The U.S.
Constitution
Voltaire
• Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof;
• Amendment I: The U.S. Constitution