Presentation

PfEFFER Basis
 Review
and Demonstration of
PfEFFER v. 2.0/Pro

Examples
PfEFFER Version 2/Pro
Developers: Geoff Bohling, John Doveton, Willard Guy,
W. Lynn Watney, and Saibal Bhattacharya
in collaboration with 14 companies,
U.S. Department of Energy,
BDM-Oklahoma, Inc., and
Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation
Release date of Version 2.0/Pro: February, 1998
Runs under Excel 97, Excel 2000, PfEFFER 2.0 add-ins and examples
require 2 MB of disk space.
Programming platform

Add-ins for Excel 97 and Excel 2000
– PfEFFER.xla for PfEFFER 2.0
– Gridsim.xla, utmexl97.xla, and XsecExc97.xla
for PfEFFER Pro
Developed in Visual Basic for Excel
 Runs under Windows 95, 98, NT, & 2000


Utilities are included to convert PfEFFER 1.1
(Excel 5.0) files to 2.0/Pro (Excel 97)
Goals of PfEFFER




Characterize subtle reservoir properties important
to hydrocarbon pore volume and fluid flow;
Differentiate bypassed, commingled oil and gas
reservoirs;
Integrate geological and engineering information;
Provide practical, accessible tools for log analysis.
Applications
Gauge reservoir productivity;
 Discern communicating volumes of the
reservoir;
 Integrate with geologic models including
deposition, diagenesis, and structure.

Practical, user-friendly log
analysis using PfEFFER

Cost-effective, accessible well log analysis
–
–
–
–

spreadsheet based
graphically oriented
interactive, linked: easy “what-if” analysis
open ended with other Windows applications
Meeting ground for geologists & engineers
Old logs can be analyzed with
PfEFFER
* Minimum log data required by the
spreadsheet-based software is a porosity and
resistivity log.
* Old logs are well suited to this analysis once
they are digitized or simply typed into the
spreadsheet.
Modules in PfEFFER 2.0





Reading and organizing information from LAS
digital files
Hough transform for simultaneous solution of
Archie equation constants and formation water
resistivity
Log (depth) display
Calculation of porosity with option for shale
correction and secondary porosity
"Super Pickett" crossplot annotated with lines of
water saturation, bulk volume water, and
permeability
Modules in PfEFFER 2.0 (Continued)







Shaly sand models for Sw calculation
(alternatives to Archie equation)
Moveable oil plots and calculations
Pay-flag cutoffs (and pay column with incremental
hydrocarbon feet)
Lithology solution
Capillary-pressure analysis (mapping on Pickett
crossplot)
Zonation by depth
Mapping
Modules in PfEFFER Pro



Color-image cross section generation
Latitude-longitude to UTM conversion
Bridging software to build input file for a
reservoir simulator
– tracking grid cells and well locations
– gridding of reservoir parameters
– preparing reservoir data to export to simulator
The Archie Equation

Sw = [ (a / Fm)*(Rw / Rt) ](1/n)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sw:
F:
Rw:
Rt:
a:
m:
n:
water saturation
porosity
formation water resistivity
observed bulk resistivity
a constant (often taken to be 1)
cementation factor (varies around 2)
saturation exponent (generally 2)
Importing LAS files

Log ASCII Standard
– Canadian Well Logging Society
– Easy exchange (floppy disk)
– Read/modify with standard word processor

OpenLAS Add-In
– Displays available logs, depth range
– Reads selected information into Excel
– Creates a well workbook with unit worksheets
» Units are named depth intervals (user-specified)
PfEFFER Worksheet Layout

Home area with computed parameters
– Computations (links) keyed on RT, PHI
(resistivity, porosity) via Archie equation
– “whole-unit” parameters in column B

Attribute columns for auxiliary information
– used for color-coding points on Pickett Plot
– available for log vs. depth plots

Input logs, additional computations to right
PfEFFER Spreadsheet
Columns in the home area

PARAMETERS (column B)
– well info, model parameters, summary values

ZN, DEPTH, THK:
– zone label, depth, thickness

RT, PHI:
– Bulk resistivity, porosity (fractional!)
– Derived from input logs on right
Columns in the home area

RWA, RO, MA:
– Apparent formation water resistivity, watersaturated resistivity, and cementation exponent
SW: Water saturation
 BVW: Bulk volume water (SW*PHI)
 VSH: Shale proportion

– computed from input logs using Vsh button
Columns in the home area

Pay: Incremental thickness of oil
– set to zero if PHI, SW, BVW, or VSH outside
user-specified cut-offs
– THK*PHI*(1-SW) otherwise

Flow: Zonation
The PfEFFER Toolbar
The PfEFFER Toolbar Shale Fraction and Porosity

Home area calculations
– Vsh: Computes values in VSH column
– Phi: Computes values in PHI column
» based on neutron, density, sonic porosity or
combination
» option to correct phi for Vsh
The PfEFFER Toolbar Calculation of Porosity
The PfEFFER Toolbar Depth Plots of Logs
The PfEFFER ToolbarPickett Plot
Pickett Plot generation and annotation

Generates Pickett Plot

–
–
–
–
–
Adds water saturation contours
Adds BVW contours
Adds permeability contours
Colors points according to attribute
Adds capillary pressure contours
The Annotated Pickett Plot

Log-log resistivity-porosity crossplot
– based on transformed Archie equation
» log Rt = log(a Rw) - n log Sw- m log F
– reveals porosity-water saturation patterns

Color-coding of third attribute
– depth, gamma ray, photoelectric factor, . . .

Contours of reservoir parameters
– water saturation, bulk volume water, permeability,
capillary pressure
Contours on the Pickett Plot
SW, BVW: from Archie equation
 Permeability (Wylie and Rose, 1950)

–
–
–
–

log k = log P + Q log F - R log Sw i
P, Q, R: Set in Parameters column
Timur (1968) constants (sandstone) default
Assumes irreducible saturation (Sw i)
Capillary pressure
– from user-specified pressure-saturation curves
“Super Pickett” Plot
The PfEFFER Toolbar

Other plots and analyses
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Plots of logs vs. depth
Rhomaa-Umma computations, plot
Composition plot (based on RU results)
Moveable oil computations, plot
Pay-flag cutoffs
Capillary-pressure analysis
Zonation by depth
The Moveable Oil Plot

Sxo = [ (a / Fm)*(Rmf / Rxo) ](1/n)
– Rmf: Resistivity of mud filtrate
– Rxo: Microresistivity
» presumably bulk resistivity of flushed zone
– Sxo: Saturation of total moveable fluid
» assumes filtrate has displaced everything moveable

BVF = Sxo*F
– Bulk volume (moveable) fluid

Volume moveable oil = BVF - BVW
An Example Moveable Oil Plot
Moveable Oil Plot, WIZ #1 - Morrow
BVW
Depth
5455
5454.5
5454
5453.5
5453
5452.5
5452
5451.5
5451
5450.5
5450
5449.5
5449
5448.5
BVF
PHI
5448
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Capillary Pressure
Capillary Pressure Contours




BVW: empirical expression of
– pore throat distribution
– capillary pressure
– hydrocarbon column
Plot Sw vs. phi on Pickett crossplot at constant Cp (height
above FWL)
Convergence of Cp contours at higher pressures where
BVW changes only gradually
Assume similar pore type for connected points
Color Coding of Pay Cut-offs

Zone considered pay if
–
–
–
–

PHI > PHICUT
SW < SWCUT
VSH < VSHCUT
BVW < BVWCUT
Dynamic coloring of pay zones
– PHI, SW, VSH, BVW values outside cut-offs
also flagged
– Toggle with “Colors” button
Color Coding of Pay Cut-offs
Color Button
Compositional Analysis The Rhomaa-Umaa Plot

Rhomaa: Apparent matrix density
– from bulk density and porosity

Umaa: Apparent matrix photoelectric
absorption coefficient
– from bulk photoelectric factor (PEF), density,
and porosity

Crossplot is good indicator of mineralogy
– can be annotated with key minerals
An Example Rhomaa-Umaa
Plot
WIZ #1--Morrow
UMAA
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2.6
2.65
Quartz
RHOMAA
2.7
Calcite
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
3
Dolomite
16
The Composition Plot
Derived from Rhomaa-Umaa results
 Keyed to three end-member minerals on
Rhomaa-Umaa plot
 Alternative composition systems possible
 Plot linked to worksheet data

– updates automatically if end-member
definitions changed
An Example Composition Plot
Composition Plot, WIZ #1 - Morrow
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Calcite
Depth
5455
5454.5
5454
5453.5
5453
5452.5
5452
5451.5
5451
5450.5
5450
5449.5
5449
5448.5
5448
Quartz
Dolomite
The PfEFFER Mapping
Module

Compiles PARAMETER information from
a number of wells into a mapping workbook
– linked to underlying well workbooks
– Unit worksheets from different well workbooks
matched by name
Posts well locations with labels
 Interpolates parameter values to regular grid
 Creates shaded contour or 3D surface
representations of grids

Posting of Well Locations
Posting for MISS CHAT, Label: Well name
12
TOTO 5-4 OZMA
10
8
TOTO 5-5 OZMA
Y
TOTO 5-3 OZMA
TOTO 5-1 OZMA
6
TOTO #3-4 OZMA
4
TOTO 4-5 OZMA
2
TOTO 3-1 OZMA
0
0
2
4
X
6
8
A Contour Map - an Excel Chart
MISS CHAT CTHK
10.5
10
9.5
9
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
X
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
Y
75-80
70-75
65-70
60-65
55-60
50-55
45-50
40-45
3-D Maps - an Excel Chart
Expanded log analysis in PfEFFER 2.0
Shaly Sand Models for Sw Calculation -- Sw
model menu permit selection of Archie water saturation
model (the default) and two shaly sand models, the
Simandoux model and the dual-water model.
Hough Transform -- The Hough transform is used for
simultaneous solution of Archie equation constants and
formation water resistivity.
Secondary Porosity -- Secondary porosity is calculated
as the difference between the total porosity (from
density or neutron porosity) minus sonic porosity.
Shaly Sandstone Model
CLINTON FIELD (OKLAHOMA)
Sw Model = Archie
Sw = 2 0 %
1.000
RED FORK
SAN DSTON E
Dep th : 6620 - 6695
X:
Y:
a: 0.81
m: 2
CLINTON
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw = 4 0 %
Sw = 6 0 %
POROSITY
Sw = 8 0 %
Sw = 1 0 0 %
Sw = 2 0 %
FIELD (OKLAHOMA)
1.000
0.100
RED FORK
SAN DSTON E
Dep th : 6620 - 6695
X:
Y:
a: 0.81
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw = 4 0 %
GR
102 - 119
Sw = 6 0 %
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm -m
POROSITY
Sw = 8 0 %
Sw = 1 0 0 %
85 - 102
68 - 85
51 - 68
34 - 51
0.100
100
GR
102 - 119
85 - 102
68 - 85
51 - 68
34 - 51
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm -m
Sw Model = Simandoux
100
Correcting Rt and Phi for Shale Effects
Corrected values provide improved
correspondence to pore size, geometries,
fluid saturations, capillary pressures, and
hydrocarbon column
 Evaluate models in combination, and
determine which is best

Hough Transform --
for solution of Archie
equation constants and formation water resistivity
Secondary Porosity
Other New features in PfEFFER 2.0
Zonation by Depth-constrained Cluster Analysis Depth-constrained multivariate cluster analysis can be
employed to segment the entire spreadsheet into subintervals based on
user-specified set of logs. A hierarchical cluster (Ward's method) is used
to produce subintervals that are as homogeneous as possible and distinct
as possible from each other, in terms of their log characteristics. Option
is useful in evaluating flow units and can be used as a blocking function.
Forward Modeling -- Module implements equations
developed by Pittman to predict values of rx, capillary pressure,
and hydrocarbon column height for a range of water saturation values
based on specific values of permeability and porosity.
Depth-constrained zonation
used here as blocking function
Forward Modeling
Then map Cp or height on Super Pickett plot
Forward Modeling




Model to explain observed log response;
Log response is function of rock pore type,
texture, bedding, and hydrocarbon column;
Pittman (1992): predict radii of pore throats
penetrated over range of mercury saturations for
202 sandstones;
Use Cp, phi, Sw and map on Pickett crossplot.
PfEFFER Pro - 3 Modules
Coordinate conversion
 Parameters and gridding for simulation
 Color image log cross sections

PfEFFER Pro -Conversion of Latitude and
Longitude to UTM coordinates
(LatLngtoUTM)
UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) is a
common projection used for most
geographic information system (GIS)
applications, land grids and commercial
mapping. The LntLngtoUTM module in
PfEFFER Pro converts longitude (x) and
latitude (y) data to UTM x-y coordinates, in
units of meters. UTM x-y coordinates can
then be are mapped using orthogonal axes.
PfEFFER Pro - GridforSim
Generation of reservoir parameters for a fluid flow
reservoir simulator (GridforSim)
This module was developed to link the elements of building a
petrophysical model and a simulation of the reservoir. Specific goals
include:
1. reduce complexity in building an input file for a simulation,
2. facilitate interaction with the simulation such that the
petrophysical model can be easily modified, thus linking engineering and
geological disciplines, and
3. permit iteration to lead to a refined petrophysical geologic model and fluid
flow simulation.
GridforSim module - generation
of reservoir simulation parameters
GridforSim module -- includes
viewing grids with well locations and generating
contour maps
Generation of Color Image Cross
Sections Using PfEFFER
Generation of Color Image Cross
Sections - continued
Generation of Color Image Cross
Sections Using PfEFFER
Example one: Variations along a 3 mile
long, NW-SE cross section from Terry
Field, Finney County, Kansas
 Example two: Variations in a regional (200
mile long) NW-SE gamma ray cross section
of Missourian Pennsylvanian, Ness County
to Sumner County, Kansas

Index map for cross sections in Terry field
Terry
Field
Source: Digital Petroleum Atlas
PfEFFER spreadsheet cross section through Terry Field, Finney Co.
NW-SE; Datum: Altamont Limestone; Length: 3 miles (4.8 km)
Datum: Top Altamont Limestone
0 ft.
Low Sw
15 ft.
Altamont Limestone, cross section of water saturation, subsea datum
Section height: approx. 100 feet (30.5 m); 3 miles (4.8 km) long (Terry Field)
Regional NW-SE Cross Section Index -- Ness County
to Sumner County, Kansas - oil fields (green), oil
and gas fields (blue), gas fields (red); black lines delimit
possible Pennsylvanian structural blocks linked to basement
reactivation
NW
*
*SE
prepared by Kruger, 1997
NW-SE Gamma Ray
Cross Section
Heebner
Yellow= Limestone
Blue/Purple=Shale/Sandstone
Top Marmaton
Group
A
B
Heebner Shale Datum
Length: 200 miles (320 km)
Maximum interval thickness
shown: 2200 feet
Ness to Sumner County,
Kansas (see index map)
C
D
E
F
G
Newfoundland
PfEFFER DEVELOPMENT
Development of idea during DOE grant, 1990 – 1993
Launched PfEFFER development through KTEC & consortium
Release of PfEFFER 1.0, 1995
Phase II funding by DOE and industry consortium
Release of PfEFFER 2.0/Pro, 1997
PfEFFER featured as part of PTTC/DOE Petroleum E&P
Software Sampler v. 1.0 (CD-ROM), 1998
Non-exclusive license with Technical Toolboxes, Inc. (TTI),
Initiate Phase III development, “Intelligent PfEFFER”, late 1999
Release of PfEFFER 3.0, late 2000
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
Examples of PfEFFER Analysis
in the Hugoton Embayment Area, Kansas
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.09
BVW=0.1
BVW=.11
Sw =20%
1.00
ARCO 3 HELFER
Sec. 11-27S-40W
WIN FIELD
(Chase Group)
Sw =40%
Depth: 2327 - 2364
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
POROSITY
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
0.10
D EPTH
2357 - 2365
Pf. 2277-2363, 370 MCFG/D
2349 - 2357
2340 - 2349
2332 - 2340
2324 - 2332
0.01
1.0
10.0
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100.0
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.09
BVW=0.1
BVW=.11
Sw =20%
1.00
ARCO 3 HELFER
Sec. 11-27S-40W
HERIN GTON /
KRID ER
(Chase Group)
Sw =40%
Depth: 2277 - 2305
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
POROSITY
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
0.10
D EPTH
2300 - 2306
2294 - 2300
2287 - 2294
Pf. 2277-2363, 370 MCFG/D
2281 - 2287
2275 - 2281
0.01
1.0
10.0
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100.0
BVW=0.04
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
1.000
BVW=0.09
BVW=0.1
Sw =20%
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN
Sec. 31-27S-R38W
FORT RILEY
(Chase Group)
Sw =40%
Depth: 2520 - 2558
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
0.100
Production in Council Grove/Panoma Field
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.06
2545 - 2553
2536 - 2545
2528 - 2536
2520 - 2528
0.010
10
100
BVW=0.04
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
Sw=20%
1.000
BVW=0.1
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
BVW=0.09
1
BVW=0.06
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
D EPTH
2553 - 2562
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN
FORT RILEY
(Chase Group)
Sw=40%
Depth: 2520 - 2558
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw=60%
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
Gamma Ray
Attribute
POROSITY
POROSITY
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
0.100
GR
60 - 75
45 - 60
30 - 45
15 - 30
0 - 15
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
0.00
40.00
80.00
2520
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
2525
2525
2530
2530
2535
2535
2540
8
URAN
0
2540
2540
2545
2545
2545
2545
2550
2550
2550
2550
2555
2555
2555
DPHI
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.06
NPOR
BVW
15
30
2520
Depth
2535
4.5
Depth
Depth
Depth
2525
2530
GR
2540
2525
1
2530
2535
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
2520
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
0.4
0.2
0
2520
2555
RT
Pay from cut-offs and classified pay
using KIPLING
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
ARCO 2 JUNGFERMAN FORT RILEY
0
0.03
0.05
2520
2525
PAY
2530
2535
2535
2540
1
2525
Depth
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.06
0.5
2520
2530
Depth
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0
2540
2545
2545
2550
2550
2555
2555
status1
status4
status2
Status 1 = pay; 2 = wet; 4 = tight
Porosity-Feet Isopach Map
Bethany Falls Limestone
`100 mi
Kansas City Group
Western Kansas
Terry Field, Altamont Ls., 4288.5 ft, thin section photomicrograph
40x transmitted light; core analysis: 15.2% porosity, 180 md
Terry Field, 3-22 Six M Farms, Altamont Ls., SEM @ 4288.5 ft,
moldic and vuggy porosity, core plug: 15.2% porosity, 180 md
Terry Field, 3-22 Six-M Farms, Altamont Ls., 4288.5 ft, small
intercrystalline porosity between microspar, small vugs, core plug: 15.2%
porosity, 180 md
Victory Field
Bethany Falls Limestone
3-D visualization of porosity
above 17% using Stratamodel (Tm)
Watney, W.L., French, J.A., and Guy, W.J., 1996,
Modeling of Petroleum Reservoirs in Pennsylvanian
Strata of the Midcontinent, USA, in, Forester, A.,
and Merriam, D.F., eds., Spatial Modeling of
Geologic Systems, Plenum Press, p. 43-77.
Super Pickett crossplot - pore typing and modeling pay
Omoldic Pay zone with
minimum BVW
BVW=0.03
BVW=0.04
1.000
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Terry Field, Finney Co.
OXY
A-2 HENSELMAN 21090
D EWEY
LIMESTON E -Kansas City
Group
Sw =20%
Depth: 3987 - 4010
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.07
Sw =40%
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
0.100
POROSITY
Sw =100%
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
D EPTH
4003 - 4013
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.06
Recompleted to
LKC, commingled zones
107 B0+1 BW/D
3998 - 4003
3993 - 3998
3988 - 3993
3983 - 3988
0.010
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
OXY A-2 HENSELMAN
21090 - DEWEY
LIMESTONE
0.04
0.08
0
3987
3992
3992
3992
3997
3997
3997
4002
4002
4007
4007
0.000
0.5
3987
Depth
PAY
0.150
OXY A-2 HENSELMAN
21090 - DEWEY
LIMESTONE
0.300
3987
Depth
Depth
0
OXY A-2 HENSELMAN
21090 - DEWEY
LIMESTONE
PHI
BVW
4002
status1
status2
status4
4007
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.06
Status 1 = Pay
1
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
Sw =20%
1.000
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.09
Bluebell Field NW
HAYS TRUST #1
NWNW Sec. 19-34S-31W
D RUM
Kansas City
Group
Sw =40%
Depth: 4884 - 4910
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Sw =60%
POROSITY
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
0.100
WET
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
D EPTH
4902 - 4913
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.05
4896 - 4902
4890 - 4896
4884 - 4890
4879 - 4884
0.010
1
10
DST (4876-98):
60’ M, 670’ SMCSW
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
HAYS TRUST #1 DRUM-KC
20.00
55.00
HAYS TRUST #1 DRUM-KC
0.200
4884
90.00
4884
0.100
0.000
PHI
4889
GR
4889
4894
4899
Depth
Depth
4894
4899
4904
4904
4909
4909
HAYS TRUST #1 DRUM-KC
0
10
HAYS TRUST #1 DRUM-KC, Predict Hist02
20
0
4884
status1
status2
4889
4889
4894
4894
Depth
Depth
1
4884
RT
4899
0.5
status4
4899
4904
4904
4909
4909
KIPLING Classification:
Status 1 = pay; 2 = wet
3 = tight
Good A-A3
Iola Limestone, Kansas City Group, Sec. 28-34S-31W
Pf: 4839
Ensign
Thunderbird #1-31
Iatan-Stanton Ls.
Victory Field
IatanLimestone:
Oil producing zone, in
transition,
BVW 0.07 to 0.1, Sw> 50%
Lithology: Interparticle
porosity in bioclastic
limestone
Stanton Limestone:
Oil producting zone, near Swi,
produces little to no water
BVW 0.032-0.042,
Sw 11-20%
Lithology: Oomoldic porosity
in carbonate grainstone
BVW=0.03
BVW=0.04
1
Sw=20%
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Sw=10%
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG
Sec. 30-33S-33W
Victory Field
KC SNIABAR
LIMESTONE
Depth: 4640 4682
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Sw=40%
Sw=60%
POROSITY
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
0.1
DEPTH
4673 - 4682
4664 - 4673
4655 - 4664
4646 - 4655
4636 - 4646
0.01
1
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
Untested Zone, oomoldic carbonate grainstone, probably 4 genetic units
Top zone: Sw 13%, BVW 0.035 (possible pay),
2nd zone: Sw 18%, BVW 0.04-0.05 (possible pay)
Lower zones: increasing water saturation with steady porosity = oil:water transition zone
KC SNIABAR
LIMESTONE
Depth: 4640 - 4682
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2.5
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Increased
cementation
exponent
Sw=40%
Sw=60%
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
POROSITY
BVW=0.04
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
1
Sw=20%
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG
0.1
GR
35 - 70
30 - 35
25 - 30
20 - 25
15 - 20
0.01
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
Cutoffs for oomoldic limestones: 15% porosity, 25% Sw
100
PHI
0.3
70
0.15
BVW
0
SW
0.50
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG KC SNIABAR LIMESTONE
RO
0.10
4640
4645
4645
4645
4645
4650
4650
4650
4650
4655
4655
4655
4655
4660
4665
4660
4665
4660
4665
1.00
Depth
4640
Depth
4640
0.00
4640
Depth
Depth
10
GR
40
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG KC SNIABAR LIMESTONE
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG KC SNIABAR LIMESTONE
HUGOTON 1-33 LONG KC SNIABAR LIMESTONE
4660
4665
4670
4670
4670
4670
4675
4675
4675
4675
4680
4680
4680
4680
-- Stacked oolites separated by tight zones
-- interval in transition zone
RT
10.00
Carboniferous Coastal onlap curve of Ross and Ross (1987)
Other IVF Systems
Morrow
Sandstone
Paleogeography during Morrowan
Lowstand exposed shelf incisement
Highstand inundated shelf
(after Kristinik and Blakeley, 1990)
Typical Vertical Profile of Morrowan
Valley-fill Deposits
(after Krystinik and Blakeney, 1990)
Arroyo Field
Lower Morrow, Incised Valley Fill
Stanton County, Kansas
Hugoton Embayment
Santa Fe 22-1
Arroyo Field
Sante Fe 22-1 - Lower Morrow
Sante Fe 22-1 - Lower Morrow
GR .GAPI
100
0.5
200
5368.5
5368.5
5388.5
5388.5
5408.5
5408.5
5428.5
Depth
Depth
0
DPHI.V/V
5428.5
5448.5
5448.5
5468.5
5468.5
5488.5
5488.5
NPHI.V/V
0.25
BVW
0
Upper “A” zone
Lower “B” zone
Upper “A” Zone
Santa Fe 22-1
Arroyo Field
Upper sanstone
Lower “B” zone
Lower sandstone
Sec. 19-31S-R40W
Kinsler Field
1.000
Sw=20%
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
Morrow
Kinsler Field
HUBER
19-4 SMITH
MORROW
Sw=40%
Sw=60%
K=100 md
POROSITY
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
Depth: 5016 - 5058
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.04
K=10 md
K=1 md
0.100
K=0.1 md
Dry Hole - too shaly
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
GR
115 - 133
106 - 115
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.8
97 - 106
89 - 97
80 - 89
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
Morrow
Kinsler Field
HUBER 19-4 SMITH - MORROW
105
1
130
100
0.3
0.15
5016
5016
5021
5021
5021
5026
5026
5026
5031
5031
5016
GR
5036
5031
5036
ILM .OHMM
5036
5041
5041
5041
5046
5046
5046
5051
5051
5051
5056
5056
5056
High shale content
0
SFLU.OHMM
Depth
Depth
10
HUBER 19-4 SMITH - MORROW
ILD .OHMM
Depth
80
HUBER 19-4 SMITH - MORROW
NPHI.%
DPHI.%
BVW
Morrow
Kinsler Field
* Perf: 4994-5000’ 138 BOPD, 1.023 MMCFGPD
* Alluvial sandstone -- clean, friable, very fined
grained BVW 0.021, Sw 9%
* Left side of plot is typical for the shale above
and below a sandstone reservoir
Mississippian Chester Sandstone
Incised Valley Fill
In Haskell County
Kansas
MLP KOENIG #1-28
- all
MLP KOENIG #1-28
- all
South
Eubank
Field, Haskell Co.
N por
GR .GAPI
0
Hugoton
MLP Koenig # 1-28
100
200
0.4
D por
0.2
BVW
0
5300
5300
5350
5350
5400
5400
5450
5450
5500
5500
5550
5550
5600
5600
5650
5650
Depth
Chester Sandstones
Depth
upper
lower
BVW=0.03
1.000
BVW=0.04
Sw =20%
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Upper Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28
Upper
Chester
Sandstone
Sw =40%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
K=100 md
0.100
PHI
0.200
5405
Depth: 5405 - 5480
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
5415
5425
K=10 md
K=1 md
K=0.1 md
D EPTH
5457 - 5491
5440 - 5457
Depth
POROSITY
MLP KOENIG #1-28
- upper sd
MLP KOENIG #1-28
5435
5445
5455
5423 - 5440
5406 - 5423
5389 - 5406
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
5465
5475
- decreasing porosity and increasing BVW with depth
- smaller pores and transition zone
BVW
0.100
0.000
BVW=0.03
1.000
BVW=0.04
Sw =20%
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Upper Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28
MLP KOENIG #1-28
Upper
Chester
Sandstone
Sw =40%
Depth: 5405 - 5480
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
POROSITY
K=100 md
0.100
K=10 md
K=1 md
K=0.1 md
PAY
0.056 - 0.07
0.042 - 0.056
0.028 - 0.042
0.014 - 0.028
0 - 0.014
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
- Pay (phi*.05*[1-Sw]), increasing to upper right
100
BVW=0.03
1.000
BVW=0.04
Sw =20%
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Lower Chester Sandstone, Koenig #1-28
MLP KOENIG #1-28
South Eubank Field
Haskell Co., KS
PHI
Low er
Chester
Sandstone
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
K=100 md
K=10 md
0.100
K=1 md
Depth: 5515 - 5568
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.05
K=0.1 md
D EPTH
5556 - 5568
5544 - 5556
0.200
5515
BVW
0.100
0.000
5525
5535
Depth
Sw =40%
POROSITY
MLP KOENIG #1-28
- lower sd
5545
5555
5532 - 5544
5520 - 5532
5508 - 5520
0.010
1
10
5565
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
- higher BVW than upper sandstone
- porosity steady to decreasing and BVW increasing with depth = transition zone
BVW=0.03
BVW=0.04
1.000
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
Sw =20%
MLP KOENIG #1-28
Sw =40%
Depth: 5405 - 5480
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.05
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
K=100 md
0.100
K=10 md
K=1 md
Pay Attribute
Upper Chester Sandstone
K=0.1 md
PAY
0.056 - 0.07
Sw =20%
0.010
1
10
1.000
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
0 - 0.014
100
BVW=0.03
0.014 - 0.028
BVW=0.04
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.08
0.028 - 0.042
BVW=0.05
0.042 - 0.056
MLP KOENIG #1-28
South Eubank Field
Haskell Co., KS
Low er
Chester
Sandstone
Sw =40%
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
Pay Attribute
Lower Chester
Sandstone
POROSITY
POROSITY
Chester Sandstones
Koenig #1-28
Upper
Chester
Sandstone
K=100 md
K=10 md
0.100
K=1 md
Dep th: 5515 - 5568
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.05
K=0.1 md
PAY
0.035 - 0.04
0.026 - 0.035
0.017 - 0.026
0.008 - 0.017
0 - 0.008
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
Chester Sandstones
Koenig #1-28
Estimated capillary pressure
via Pittman equation for
well behaved sandstone
and projected unto
Sw-phi space of Super
Pickett plot
Doveton (1999)
Schematic Pickett plot of simple reservoir marked
by trajectory of crossplotted data points A-J
Doveton (1999)
South Eubank Field, Haskell County
BVW=0.008
BVW=0.01
Upper pf.
BVW=0.015
Sw =30%
Sw =40%
Sw =50%
Sw =60%
Sw =70%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
BVW=0.02
Sw =10%
BVW=0.025
Sw =20%
BVW=0.03
1.000
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON
CHESTER
SAN D STON E
Depth: 5388 - 5450
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.7
n: 2
RW: 0.04
0.100
POROSITY
Lower Pf.
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0.010
0.099
0.5
0.3
0.03
D EPTH
5437 - 5450
5425 - 5437
5413 - 5425
DST 5391-5434' GTS 24 MIN., REC 215' OGCM, 225' SOGCWCM, 60' SOGCSW
PERF5402-06', 5416-20' P 87 BO/D, 227 MCFG/D
5401 - 5413
5388 - 5401
0.001
1
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
1000
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
N POR
S POR
GR
50
0
100
0.2
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
D POR
BVW
0.1
0
10
5388
5388
5398
5398
5408
5408
5408
5418
5418
5428
5428
5428
5438
5438
5438
5448
5448
5448
5388
5398
100
1000
RSFE.OHMM
RILM.OHMM
RILD.OHMM
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
0.000
5388
SW
0.500
Depth
Depth
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
PAY
0
0.03
0.05
5388
1.000
5418
HUGOTON 1-9 CLAWSON CHESTER SANDSTONE
GRTH.PPM
0
5388
5398
5398
5408
5408
5408
5418
5418
Depth
5398
Depth
Depth
Depth
pf
5418
5428
5428
5428
5438
5438
5438
5448
5448
5448
GRUR.PPM
4
8
BVW=0.01
1.000
BVW=0.02
BVW=0.03
Hugoton 1-9 Clawson, South Eubank Field, Haskell Co. , Chester Sandstone
HUGOTON
1-9 CLAWSON
CHESTER
SAN D STON E
Gamma Ray
Depth: 5388 - 5450
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.7
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Sw =20%
Sw =40%
0.100
K=100 md
Sw =60%
K=10 md
Sw =80%
K=1 md
Sw =100%
GR
60 - 72
POROSITY
K=0.1 md
48 - 60
36 - 48
24 - 36
12 - 24
0.010
BVW=0.03
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
1.000
BVW=0.01
1000
BVW=0.02
100
HUGOTON
1-9 CLAWSON
CHESTER
SAN D STON E
Depth: 5388 - 5450
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.7
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Sw =20%
Pay
Sw =40%
0.100
K=100 md
Sw =60%
K=10 md
Sw =80%
K=1 md
Sw =100%
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0.099
0.5
0.3
0.03
K=0.1 md
POROSITY
10
PAY
0.044 - 0.055
0.033 - 0.044
0.022 - 0.033
0.011 - 0.022
0 - 0.011
0.010
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
1000
1.000
BVW=0.02
BVW=.025
Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (Oolite)
Terry Field, Finney Co., Ks
McCOY
1-22 SIX M FARMS 20948
Terry Field
ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
Sw=10%
Depth: 4680 - 4698
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.03
BVW=.015
Sw=20%
Sw=40%
0.100
Sw=60%
POROSITY
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
DEPTH
4696 - 4700
4692 - 4696
4688 - 4692
Pfed at 227 BOPD, commingled with
Lenepah, Altamont, and Pawnee Ls. (Marmaton)
4684 - 4688
4680 - 4684
0.010
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
BVW=0.01
McCOY 1-22 SIX M
FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
4680
4680
McCOY 1-22 SIX M
FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
SW
0.000
0.500
1.000
4680
4682
4682
4682
4684
4684
4684
4686
4686
4686
McCOY 1-22 SIX M
FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
N POR
S POR
D POR
BVW
Depth
4688
4690
0.15
0
Depth
0.3
40
4688
4690
4688
4690
4692
4692
4692
4694
4694
4694
4696
4696
4696
4698
4698
4698
McCOY 1-22 SIX M
FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
McCOY 1-22 SIX M
FARMS 20948 - ST LOUIS
LIMESTONE
RT
10
100
0
4680
4680
4682
4682
4684
4684
4686
4686
4688
4690
Depth
Depth
Depth
10
GR
25
4688
4690
4692
4692
4694
4694
4696
4696
4698
4698
PAY
0.05
0.09
1.000
BVW=0.02
BVW=0.03
Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (oolite)
Terry Field, Finney County, Kansas
OXY
A-2 HENSELMAN 21090
POROSITY
ST LOUIS
LIMESTON E
BVW=.015
Sw =20%
Depth: 4670 - 4695
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.028
Sw =40%
0.100
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
D EPTH
4691 - 4697
4686 - 4691
Producing well: points trend from
out of tight limestone into pay
and back into tight limestone
4680 - 4686
4675 - 4680
4669 - 4675
0.010
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
1.000
BVW=0.02
BVW=0.03
Mississippian St. Louis Limestone (oolite)
Terry Field, Finney County, Kansas
OXY
A-2 HENSELMAN 21090
POROSITY
ST LOUIS
LIMESTON E
BVW=.015
Sw =20%
Depth: 4670 - 4695
X:
Y:
a: 1
m : 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.028
Sw =40%
0.100
Sw =60%
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
PAY
0.056 - 0.07
0.042 - 0.056
0.08
0.5
0.3
0.05
0.028 - 0.042
0.014 - 0.028
0 - 0.014
0.010
10
100
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
OXY A-2 HENSELMAN
21090 - ST LOUIS
NLIMESTONE
POR
D POR
S POR
BVW
0.1
RILD.OHMM
0
10
4670
4670
4675
4675
4680
4680
4685
Depth
Depth
0.2
OXY A-2 HENSELMAN
21090 - ST LOUIS
RIL1.OHMM
LIMESTONERILM.OHMM
4685
4690
4690
4695
4695
100
BVW=0.05
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.07
BVW=0.08
Sw =20%
1.000
BVW=0.09
BVW=0.1
St. Louis Limestone
Kinsler East Field
Morton Co., KS, Sec. 31-31S-39W
AMOCO
1 DERMOT SCHOOL
MISS ST LOUIS
Depth: 6076 - 6090
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.07
Sw =40%
Sw =60%
POROSITY
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
0.100
D&A
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
D EPTH
6088 - 6091
6085 - 6088
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.07
6082 - 6085
6079 - 6082
6076 - 6079
0.010
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
Mississippian Chat
Autoclastic chert with clay

General Atlantic, Tjaden 1A1 WIW #1, 4337 ft, autoclastic
chert breccia with clay infiltration below arrow.
Interpenetrating clasts of brown porous chat. Thin section
photomicrograph from 4398 ft. contains autoclasts lined
by clay and brown microcrystalline calcite. Abundant
microporosity, molds, and vugs in spiculitic
microcrystalline chert (chat). Scale bar is 0.1 mm. Plane
polarized light and blue epoxy impregnation
BVW=0.06
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.1
BVW=.12
Sw =20%
BVW=.14
BVW=.2
BVW=.18
BVW=.16
Sw =60% Sw =40%
Tjaden W1W
Mississippian
Chat
1.000
Sw =80%
Sw =100%
Depth: 4302 4469
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 1.8
n: 2
RW: 0.055
POROSITY
Pay
0.100
D EPTH
4440 - 4477
4403 - 4440
4366 - 4403
4329 - 4366
4292 - 4329
0.010
0.1
1
10
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.1
4302
1
10
100
RWA
0.5
1000
4302
RT
4322
4402
4452
4342
RILM.OH
MM
4362
RFOC.OH
MM
Depth
Depth
4352
4382
0.25
0
4302
0.00
4302
4322
4322
4342
4342
4362
4362
4382
4402
4402
4422
4422
0.05
0.10
4382
4402
nfrac
4422
dfrac
4442
4442
4442
BVW
GR .API
4462
4462
4502
0
0
1
4302
4302
4322
4322
4342
4342
4362
4362
Depth
KIPLING
Classification:
Status 1 = Pay
0.5
4382
4402
4422
4442
4462
4382
4402
4422
status1
4442
4462
4462
BVWblock
WIW #1
Depth
Depth
W1W - Miss
Tjaden A WIW #1
Miss Chat
Depth
Tjaden A WIW #1
Miss Chat
- Miss Chat
0.04
PAY
0.08
Pay from
PfEFFER Analysis
CUT-OFFS
PHICUT
SWCUT
VSHCUT
BVWCUT
0.2
0.9
0.6
0.14
0.15
0.20
General Atlantic Tjaden A-1 WIW
0.4
0.0
Conglomerate
Spivey-Grabs Field
7768 BCFG, 2 MM BO
Sw =10%
GENERAL-ATLANTIC 1-A
TJADEN WIW MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.1
BVW=0.12
1
Sw =80%
Sw =90%
Sw =100%
Sw =20%
BVW=0.15
Sw =70%
Sw =60%
Sw =50%
Sw =40%Sw =30%
BVW=0.2
BVW=0.25
BVW=0.3
PfEFFER Super-Pickett Plot
GR
0
200
400
4304
4314
4324
BVW=0.07
Cycle D
4344
4354
4364
4374
4384
0.1
Archie Parameters
a: 1
m: 1.7
n: 2
RW: 0.055
Cycle C
GENERAL-ATLANTIC 1-A
TJADEN WIW MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT
N POR
BVW
0.5
D EPTH
4376 - 4493
4358 - 4376
4340 - 4358
4322 - 4340
4304 - 4322
SPIVEY-GRABS FIELD
General Atlantic Tjaden #1-A WIW
0.01
4304
4314
4324
4334
Depth
Porosity (fraction)
Cycle B
Depth
4334
4344
4354
4364
0.1
1
Resistivity (Rt, Ohm-m)
10
4374
4384
D POR
0.25
0
Spivey-Grabs Field and Lineaments
R 9W
R8 W
0
260
260
0
T
30
S
00
26
T
29
S
R7W
2 85
0
0
28 5
0
27
0
270 0
N
0
275
T
31
S
Spivey-Grabs Field
Datum:
Top of Mississippian
50
27
0
2 80
modified from,
Robert W. Frensley and
J. C. Darmstetter, (1965)
C.I. = 50'
285
0
T
32
S
R9W
T
29
R8 W
0
R7W
2575
> 2575 - 2625
2625 - 2675
2675 - 2825
> 2825
lineaments
pre-Warsaw
channels
McCoy (1978)
Spivey-Grabs Field and Lineaments
* pods of more productive, better developed chat *
Glick Field
Excellent Mississippian Chat Reservoir
SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS (GLICK)
SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS
(GLICK) MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT
30s-15W
GR
Basal
Pennsylvanian
Chat
Chat
MISSISSIPPIAN
CHAT
Depth: 478 7 - 487 1
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.035
3
6
4787
4797
4807
4817
Depth
BVW=0 .04
BVW=0.0 5
BVW=0.0 6
BVW=0 .07
0
BVW=0.08
B VW =0.1
Sw=10%
BVW=0.12
BVW=0.1 5
Sw=20%
B VW =0.2
Sw=50%Sw=40% Sw=3 0%
1 Sw =60%
Sw=70%
Sw =80%
Sw=100%
4827
4837
4847
4857
4867
Pay
0.1
SHELL 1-32 ROBBINS
(GLICK) MISSISSIPPIAN CHAT
PHI
BVW
PERF 4789-95', 4808-16', 4836-53', 4853-54'
4 806 - 4 824
4 788 - 4 806
4 770 - 4 788
GAUGED 9.2 MMCFG/5 HRS
0.01
0.1
1
Glick Field: 432 BCFG
487 MMBO
10
RES ISTIVITY Ohm-m
1 00
0.4
0.2
0
4787
4797
4807
4817
4827
4837
4847
4857
4867
Depth
DEPTH
4 842 - 4 878
4 824 - 4 842
Cowley Formation, Aetna Gas Area
OXY USA 1-B SOOTER MISSISSIPPIAN A
0
GR
50
100
4702
4712
OXY USA 1- B SOOTER
Sec. 1-34S-14W, Barber & Commanche Counties, KS
0. 10 0
Produced via fracture stimulation in
Cowley Formation, not “chat” facies,
but unaltered parent rock in southernmost Kansas
Shaly cherty carbonate with intervals of
cleaner (more brittle chert)
MISSISSIPPIAN
"CHAT"
Depth: 4 70 2 - 4 82 1
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0 .032
4732
Depth
BVW=0. 05
BVW=0 .06
Sw =40 %
Sw =50 %
Sw=60%
Sw=70%
Sw=80%
Sw =10 0%
BVW=0. 07
Sw=30%
BVW=0 .08
Sw=20%
B VW =0.1
1. 00 0
4722
Sw=10%
4742
4752
4762
4772
OXY USA 1-B SOOTER MISSISSIPPIAN A
PHI
0.200
4702
DEPTH
4798 - 4821
4712
4774 - 4798
4722
4750 - 4774
4726 - 4750
4702 - 4726
0. 01 0
1
10
4732
Depth
PERF 4726-4862' G 105 MCFG/D
4742
100
4752
RESISTIVITY Oh m-m
Aetna Gas Area:
220 BCFG + 560 M BO
4762
4772
BVW
0.100
0.000
Paleogeographic map during Osage
(after Lane, H.R., and De Keyser, T.L., 1980 )
Stratigraphic section
of upper Devonian,
Mississippian, and
Pennsylvanian
Systems

Cowley Formation
accumulated on shelf
margin as an interval
equivalent to
succession of
formations deposited
on the shelf in Osage
and Meramec Series
Viola Limestone
Box Ranch Field
Viola Limestone
BVW=.005
ROBERTS etal
2 KUHNS
Sec. 34-R34s-R20w
BVW=0.03
Sw=3%
BVW=0.01
Sw=10%
1.000
BVW=0.02
Sw=20%
BVW=0.04
Viola Limestone
Sw=40%
L. VIOLA
DOLOMITE
Depth: 6140 - 6172
X:
Y:
a: 1
m: 2
n: 2
RW: 0.04
Sw=60%
POROSITY
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
0.100
DEPTH
6167 - 6174
6160 - 6167
6153 - 6160
6146 - 6153
6139 - 6146
0.010
1
10
100
1000
RESISTIVITY Ohm-m
Perf 6153-63’ 10 BODP, 1.0 MMCFG/D NW (5/19/1991)
10000
ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS L. VIOLA DOLOMITE
10
20
30
ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS L. VIOLA DOLOMITE
0.4
0.2
6140
6140
6145
6145
ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS L. VIOLA DOLOMITE
0
1
100
ROBERTS etal 2 KUHNS L. VIOLA DOLOMITE
10000
0
6140
6140
6145
6145
0.05
N POR
D POR
BVW
PAY
RT
6150
6155
6155
6160
6160
6160
6160
6165
6165
6165
6165
6170
6170
6170
6170
6155
6150
Depth
6150
Depth
6150
Depth
Depth
GR
6155
0.10
Summary
•Resistivity-Porosity Cross Plot (Pickett)
•Determination of Water Saturation (Sw)
•Determination of Bulk Volume Water (BVW)
•Cross Plot Pattern
•Cores and samples Are Necessary to Define Pore Type/Petrofacies
•Cross Plot Patterns
•Vertical--Near or at Irreducible Water
Saturation (BVW and/or Resistivity Constant)
•Horizontal-- Reservoir in Transition (Porosity Constant)
•Parallel to Sw Lines—Indication of Changes in Pore Geometry
(Decreased Resistivity and Increased Porosity Indicates a
Higher BVW and Smaller Pores with Greater Surface Area;
Increased Resistivity and Decreased Porosity Indicates a
Lesser BVW and Lower Surface Area
•Concentration of Data Points—
At or Near Irreducible Water Saturation