Conflicts over tourism
KGA172 Space, Place and Nature
Presented by Associate Professor Elaine Stratford
Semester 2
Tourism
Carl Spitzweg (1845) Engländer in der Campagna [19th Century English tourists in the
Roman Campagna]
Grand Tour William Thomas Beckford
“Map of grand tour taken by William Beckford in 1780, from London by boat to Ghent, and again by boat
through Holland and Germany down the Rhine to Mannheim. Then he set off by coach for Ulm, Augsburg
and Munchen, before crossing the border to Innsbruck, Austria. From there he went by horseback over the
Brenner pass into Italy. From Trento he went to Bassano del Grappa and Treviso on to Venice. From Venice
his itinerary was Vicenza, Verona, Mantua, Reggio, Bologna, Florence (where he took a side trip to Pistoia,
Lucca, Pisa and Livorno), Siena, Radicofani, Lago di Bolsena, Viterbo and Lago di Vico, and Rome. After a stay
in Rome he went on via Vellitri, Terracina, and Capua, to Naples, where he visited Capri, Vesuvius and Ischia”
[Wikimedia Commons].
Part 1
LOOKING BACK, LOOKING
FORWARD
Revising Lecture 3.8
1. Describe clearfell coupe and cable logging, and
explain their main characteristics and effects.
2. What are the steps in, and what is the
ecological basis for, the silvicultural practices
used in Tasmania?
3. What effects does logging have on:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
water yield
water quality
nutrient losses and gains
erosion and mass movement
impacts of snig tracks, logging bays and bark
dumps
fire
structural change
regeneration failures
weeds and pathogens
climatic effects in forests
4. What is behind the idea of sustained yield?
5. How are multiple uses accommodated in forest
management? What strengths and weaknesses
does this model have?
6. What is the jobs argument for logging? Against
it?
A Woman Thinking
Learning Objectives
Module 3 Lecture 9
KGA172
• be able to
– appreciate how ecotourism
developed and is described
– make reference to value
conflicts in ecotourism
– provide various illustrations
of tourism and recreation
impacts and solutions in
natural areas
•
•
•
•
•
Know and be able to (a) employ basic
geographical terminology and concepts, (b)
find, evaluate, analyse and reference
appropriate literature, (c) contribute to
debates about development and
sustainability
Comprehend and be able to explain spatial
patterns, generate basic maps, field sketches
and graphs, and communicate in written and
graphical forms
Apply key academic skills and (a) engage in
critical thinking, discussion and listening,
and in self-reflection and reflection upon the
viewpoints of others and (b) research, plan
and conduct fieldwork to collect data
Analyse and interpret basic spatial,
numerical and qualitative information
Synthesize and integrate knowledge of social
and Earth systems
Textbook Reading
Kianicka, S., M. Buchecker, et al. (2006)
Locals' and Tourists' Sense of Place,
Mountain Research and Development 26
(1) pp.55-63.
Kirkpatrick, J.B. (2001) Ecotourism, local
and indigenous people, and the
conservation of the Tasmanian Wilderness
World Heritage Area. Journal of the Royal
Society of New Zealand 31, pp.819-829.
Critical reading
1.What is the author’s purpose?
2.What key questions or problems does the author
raise?
3.What information, data and evidence does the
author present?
4.What key concepts does the author use to
organize this information, this evidence?
5.What key conclusions is the author coming to?
Are those conclusions justified?
6.What are the author’s primary assumptions?
7.What viewpoints is the author writing from?
8.What are the implications of the author’s
reasoning?
[from Foundation for Critical Thinking]
Old Woman Reading a Lectionary, Gerard Dou
See also World Tourism Organisation
Part 2
CONCEPTS AND VALUES
The International Ecotourism Society defines
ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment and improves the wellbeing of local people”.
Eco guards, U.S. Ambassador R. Niels Marquardt, and head of WWF
Cameroon Dr. Martin Tchamba in the East Province of Cameroon, June
2006.
Costa Rica
Laos
The commodification of nature?
Indonesia
Mexico Ecotourism
More and more citified urban
dwellers who come to Mexico for
vacation are exploring the Mexico
eco tourism opportunities. The sad
fact of life in countries with high
population levels is that there is no
pristine wilderness left to see in its
original state. Mexico, however, is a
country booming with eco tourism
opportunities.
Whether you are looking for small
Indian villages surrounded by
nature or to experience what a real
jungle is like, Mexico is the place to
go.
Mexican Government brochure
http://www.ecotourism.org.au/conference/about_05.asp
www.abs.gov.au
Rome, near Spanish Steps, September 2009
E Stratford
Environmental Values
Anthropocentric
(human-centred)
Ecocentric
(nature-centred)
Use
Current use
Future use
(Option)
Direct
Ecosystem
services
Non-use
Bequest
Existence
Spiritual
Part3
CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND
PROSPECTS
Penguins in Antarctica. Dolphins in
Scotland. Dingoes in Australia. They all
face the same danger: Ecotourism.
Ecotourism has been touted as the
progressive answer to conserving land
in less developed countries and regions
-- allowing tourists from wealthy
developed nations to come spend
money in the name of visiting rain
forests, safaris, and endangered
species. The idea being that countries
can preserve their natural heritage while
making money -- in many cases, more
money -- by bringing in vacationers. But
ecotourists often create new problems
and bring others with them, thus
ecological and animal advocates need to
think twice before signing on to
promoting such an agenda uncritically.’
Vegan Blog March 2004