The Human Body: An
Orientation
Chapter 1
1.1 An overview of Anatomy and Physiology
Bellwork
1. In your own words define
– Anatomy
– Physiology
2. Which body system are you most interested in and
why?
2
The Human Body
▪ Vocabulary
• Anatomy: The study of the structure and shape of the body
and its parts
• Physiology: The study of how the body and its parts work or
function
• Metabolism: All chemical reactions in the body
• Homeostasis: Systems maintain a relative constant or balanced
internal environment
3
The Human Body
– Pick a structure on your body, describe it’s
anatomy(structure) & physiology(function)
– Example: ARM (don’t use arm)
▪ Anatomy: made of muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels
▪ Physiology: Used to throw, swing a bat, climb
4
Levels of Organization
▪ Vocabulary
• Chemical Level: Atoms which join as molecules
• Common Elements: H, O, N, Ca, Na, K
• Cellular Level: Atoms and molecules form functional
units
• Smallest living units in the body
5
Levels of Organization
▪ Vocabulary
• Tissue Level: Groups of cells that work together to
perform a function
• 4 Types of tissues: Epithelial, nervous, connective,
muscular
• Organ Level: Tissues join together to form a structure, with a
recognizable shape and has specific functions
• Examples: Stomach, heart, brain, liver, lungs
6
Levels of Organization
 Organ Level
• In your notebook or your notetaker pick an organ,
draw and color it, and then write 2 sentences on
the function of that organ.
7
Levels of Organization
▪ Vocabulary
• System Level: Organs and tissues that have a common
purpose and function for the body
• There are 11 principal systems in the human body
• Organism Level: Largest level of organization
• Chemicals—Cells—Tissues—Organs—Systems—Organism
8
Levels of Organization (Systems)
▪ Integumentary System (Skin)
• Regulates body
temperature
• Protection
• Receives stimuli
• Organs:
• Skin, Hair, Nails
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Levels of Organization
▪ Skeletal System
• Protects and supports body
organs
• Stores minerals
• Provides muscle
attachment for movement
• Organs:
• Bones, Cartilage, Joints
10
Levels of Organization
▪ Muscular System
• Brings about body
movements
• Maintains posture
• Produces body heat
• Organs
• Skeletal, Cardiac and
Smooth muscle
11
Levels of Organization
▪ Nervous System
• Regulates body
activities through nerve
impulses
• Organs:
• Brain, Spinal Cord,
Nerves, Sensory
Organs
12
Levels of Organization
▪ Endocrine System
• Regulates body
activities through
hormones
• Organs:
• Gland (thyroid,
pituitary,
adrenal, etc.)
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Levels of Organization
▪ Cardiovascular System
• Transports oxygen and
nutrients to the body
• Removes carbon
dioxide from the body
cells
• Organs:
• Blood, Blood
Vessels, Heart
14
Levels of Organization
▪ Lymphatic System
• Involved in
immunity
• Filters blood
• Organs:
• Lymph nodes,
Spleen, Tonsils
15
Levels of Organization
▪ Respiratory System
• Supplies oxygen,
removes carbon
dioxide and regulates
acid-base balance
• Organs:
• Lungs, Alveoli,
Conducting
Passageways
16
Levels of Organization
▪ Digestive System
• Break down of food
• Allows for nutrient
absorption into the blood
• Eliminates indigestible
material
• Organs:
• Mouth, stomach,
intestines, esophagus
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Levels of Organization
▪ Urinary System
• Produces and stores urine
• Maintains electrolyte
balance
• Regulates water volume
• Organs:
• Kidneys, bladder,
ureters, urethra
18
Levels of Organization
▪ Reproductive System
• Production of sperm or
oocytes
• Production of offspring
• Organs:
• Testes, ovaries, penis,
vagina
19
Levels of Organization
▪ Review
• I’m gonna put you in groups of 4, using the slates
you’ll answer the following questions
• Pay attention, you might see these questions
again(hint, hint)
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
1. ________ Tissues join together to form a body
structure
21
Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
2. ________ Systems maintain a relative
constant or balanced internal environment
22
Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
3. ________ Includes oxygen, carbon, calcium,
etc. in simplest form
23
Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
4. ________ The largest level of organization
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
5. ________ The study of how the body and its
parts work or function
25
Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
6. ________ Made of organs and tissues that
have a common function and result
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
7. ________ All chemical reactions in the body
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
8. ________ Basic structure and function units,
the smallest living units in the body
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
9. ________ Includes muscle, bone and nerve,
epithelial, and connective; makes up organs
and other parts
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Levels of Organization
A: Chemical
B: Cellular
E: System
F: Organismal
H: Physiology
C: Tissue
I: Homeostasis
D: Organ
G: Anatomy
J: Metabolism
10. ________ The science of the structure and
shape of the body and its parts
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