Welcome!
2/25/15
• Take out:
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Writing utensil
Vocabulary list (optional)
Spiral for notes
ONE loose piece of paper
(Short Quiz at the end of notes)
• Number 1-9 on your loose paper.
(Make this chart maybe half a page)
Regional Economies in 1800’s
North
South
West
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY!
• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY –
A VOTE where the people decide
on an issue. (I.E. – slavery)
COMPROMISE –
An agreement reached between
two sides where both sides have
to “give up” something,.
MORE VOCAB. • ABOLITIONIST –
A person who works to bring an end
to or believes in NO slavery. Often
they try and help slaves to freedom.
/encarta.msn.com/media
• SECTIONALISM –
The belief that your part of the
country is the BEST. You put your
part of the country’s needs in front
of what is best for the WHOLE
nation.
MORE VOCAB.
• FUGITIVE –
A person who has gone
against or broken the law
and is on the loose.
• SECEDE To remove or break away as
the Southern states did
from the Union.
LAST TWO!
• ARSENAL –
A warehouse that stores guns
and ammunition.
• MARTYR –
A person who is willing to die for
their beliefs. I.E. – John Brown
Sectionalism
• The belief that your part of the country is
the BEST. You put your part of the
country’s needs in front of what is best for
the WHOLE nation.
Different Economies
• The economies of the North
and South had developed
differently in the 1800’s.
• North used more industry &
commerce (trade)
• Southern economy was still
based on plantation farming
& slavery.
Some immigrants move West
• Immigration & the growth of industry made
populations grow in Northern cities.
• Some of these immigrants and easterners
moved west to build farms in new states in
the Northwest Territory.
East (North) and West
• Canals and railroads ran east (North) and
west, bonding the Eastern and Midwestern
states together.
Done with Chart
The South
• Things were different in the south. A few
wealthy planters controlled Southern society.
• Most Southern whites were poor farmers who
owned no slaves, but they still supported slavery
because it kept them from being at the bottom of
society.
Abolitionists in North
• Abolitionists in the North believed slavery was
unethical & should be abolished.
• Other Northerners believed slavery was an
economic threat; worried it would spread &
workers in North would be replaced by slave
labor.
Racism in the North
• Despite their opposition to slavery, most
Northerners, even abolitionists, were racist by
modern standards.
– Many whites refused to go to school with, work
with, or live near African Americans.
– In most states, even free African Americans could
not vote.
Slaveholders’ Reasoning
• Slaveholders defended slavery in different
ways:
– Most offered the openly racist argument
that white people were superior to blacks.
– Some claimed that slavery helped slaves
• It introduced them to Christianity
• Provided them with food, clothing, and
shelter throughout their lives.
The Wilmot Proviso
• The Wilmot Proviso
outlawed slavery in any
territory the U.S. gained
from the War with Mexico.
• Conflict: but slave-owners
believed Congress did not
have the right to say where
they could bring slaves since
they had paid for them and
considered slaves to be
“property”.
The Free-Soil Party
• The Wilmot Proviso passed the House of
Representatives, but did not pass in the Senate
because Southern Senators kept it from being
successful.
• However, the Free Soil Party was formed as a
result & won 10 seats in Congress in 1848.
Politicians could no longer ignore slavery.
• The party opposed the extension of slavery in the
western territories.
THE MISSOURI
COMPROMISE
(1820)
• There was a great debate over
where slavery would be allowed
and where it would not. A
debate occurred and finally a
compromise was reached. It
stated:
1.) Missouri entered as a slave state
2.) Maine entered as a free state.
3.) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This
line was suppose to decide
whether slavery would be
allowed in certain territories or
not.
• This compromise was effective
for a number of years – almost
thirty! However, after about
1850, problems began to occur
and the compromise was less and
less effective.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
•
•
•


COMPROMISE AGAIN!
This time it includes 5 parts!
Proposed by Henry Clay
1.) California enters as a FREE state.
2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided
into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue
to be decided by POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTRY.
 3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington
D.C.
 4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law
 5.) Settled border problems between New
Mexico and Texas.
•
Again, problems better for a short period
of time and then became worse.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
The “Great Compromiser”
• Henry Clay becomes
known as the “Great
Compromiser” because of
the many compromises
proposed by him
• How many compromises
by Henry Clay can you
name?
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
(1850)
•
This law was part of the compromise of
1850.
•
It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to
catch runaway slaves.
•
If a person did not comply, they cold be
fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX
months.
•
Judges received $10 if they returned a
slave and $5 if they freed them.
•
MANY blacks who were free were
captured and sent back into slavery.
•
Northerners HATED this law because it
forced them to become a part of the
system of slavery.
http://search.eb.com/blackhistory
/micro/222/8.html
Quiz (Directions)
In the space before each sentence,
write
N if it describes the North
or S if it describes the South.
• 1. The economy here relied on plantation farming.
• 2. The growth of industry here led to the rapid growth of
cities.
• 3. The abolitionist movement had been gaining strength
here since the 1830s.
• 4. Racism against African Americans here was based on
prejudice rather than slave ownership.
• 5. Senators from this region prevented passage of the
Wilmot Proviso, which would have outlawed slavery in
any territory the United States gained from the War with
Mexico.
• 6. The Free-Soil Party, dedicated to stopping the
expansion of slavery, appealed to people of this region.
• 7. People from this region favored admitting California
to the union as two states, one slave and one free.
• 8. To please the people of this region, the Compromise
of 1850 promised Congress would pass a stronger law to
help slave-owners recapture runaway slaves.
• 9. Daniel Webster, from this region, spoke out in
support of the Compromise of 1850 for the sake of the
union.
UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
(1852)
• This was a NOVEL written by
Harriett Beecher Stowe.
• It was written to show the
EVILS of slavery by telling the
story of an older slave who was
whipped to death by his owner.
• After reading it, MANY
Northerners began to change
their view of slavery.
• Southerners said the book was
full of LIES!
Stephen Douglas
In 1854, Stephen A.
Douglas of Illinois
drafted a bill to organize
the Nebraska Territory.
He promised the territory
would be divided into two
territories—Nebraska and
Kansas
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
(1854)
• Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska
territories.
• Decided that SLAVERY issue would be
decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY.
• Led to violence in the Senate.
• Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers in
ONE AREA and this leads to conflict!
Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas
of Illinois sponsored this bill.
• Northerners believe this REPEALS the
Missouri Compromise.
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
(1854)
Violence in
Congress
• As the Violence was occurring in Kansas, Senator
Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered a speech
attacking the Proslavery forces in Kansas
• Sumner insulted A.P. Butler, a senator from South
Carolina
• In response to Sumner’s attacks, Preston Brooks a
relative of Butler and a Southerner, attacked Sumner
with a cane, hitting him more than 30 times.
“BLEEDING KANSAS”
(1856)
• Because of the violence going
on in Kansas, John Brown and
four of his sons, decide to take
the law into their own hands.
• They ride into a small town
named Pottowatomi Creek and
pull five pro-slavery men out of
their beds in the middle of the
night.
• The men are murdered. John
Brown believes he is doing
what “GOD has told him to do”.
“BLEEDING KANSAS”
(1856)
• Many Northerners, while they
don’t believe in slavery, are
appalled at what he did.
• As news of the violence spread,
civil war broke out in Kansas
(1854-1859).
• The territory came to be called
“Bleeding Kansas”
North/ South views of the following…..
NORTHERN VIEW
North opposed it
because it forced
them to support
slavery.
ISSUE
SOUTHERN VIEW
Fugitive Slave Act
South favored it
because it upheld
slavery.
North opposed it
because it allowed
slavery in new areas.
Kansas–
Nebraska Act
South supported it
because it nullified
the Missouri
Compromise.
Northerners blamed
proslavery forces.
“Bleeding Kansas”
Southerners blamed
abolitionists.
The Republican Party forms
- After the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was passed, the
Whig party split up into the Northern Whigs and the
Southern Whigs.
- The Northern Whigs opposed the act while the Southern
Whigs supported it.
- The Southern Whigs quickly DIED out. Most of these
men would join the Democratic party.
- The Northern Whigs formed the Republican Party.
- With the election of 1856 approaching, the
REPUBLICANS believed that they had an excellent
opportunity to gain seats in Congress.
DRED SCOTT VS SANDFORD
(1857)
• Dred Scott was a slave in
Missouri.
• He had lived in the free
territories of Illinois and
Wisconsin with his owner.
• His owner moved back into a
slave state.
• While there, the owner died.
• Scott had ABOLITIONIST
attorneys file a law suit for
him.
DRED SCOTT VS SANDFORD
(1857)
• It went to the Supreme Court but he
LOST, Justice Roger B. Taney
(“Tawney”) ruled against Scott
• The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen
but RATHER property and therefore
he could not file a lawsuit.
• Also, they ruled that Congress could
NOT ban slavery in any of the
territories.
• This REPEALED the Missouri
Compromise.
• Southerners LOVED the ruling while
Northerners HATED it. It meant
slavery could spread into all the
territories!
Democrats vs. Republicans
• After the Dred Scott case, the Republicans charged
that the Democrats wanted to legalize slavery not
only in the Territories, but also throughout the U.S.
• They began to attack individual Democrats. The
main target was Stephen Douglas.
• Douglas was up for re-election for his senate seat in
Illinois in the election of 1858.
• Republicans ran Abraham Lincoln
against Douglas in the political race.
LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATE
(1858)
• Lincoln and Douglas debated!
• Douglass believed in deciding
slavery by popular sovereignty.
• Lincoln believed that slavery
should NOT be allowed to
spread into the territories.
http://encarta.msn.com/media
• Lincoln ALSO believed the
Nation could not survive if the
fighting continued to rip the
Union apart with the slavery
issue.
The race is over…
• Abraham Lincoln & Stephen
Douglas, each trying to win a
senate seat in Illinois, would
hold a series of debates to
address the slavery issue.
• Douglas won the election, but
Lincoln would become a
national figure & gain strong
standing in the Republican
Party.
RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY
(1859)
• John Brown was at it again!
• This time, he led five blacks and
thirteen whites into Harper’s Ferry.
• They planned to raid an arsenal and
start a slave revolt.
• Problem: No slaves “rose” to help.
• A number of his men died and Brown
was arrested by Robert E. Lee.
“I am quite certain that the • Brown was tried and found guilty of
crimes of this guilty land will murder and treason. He was later
hanged.
never be purged away but
• Some Northerners thought of him as a
with blood.” John Brown
“Martyr” (someone who dies for his
beliefs.)
ELECTION OF 1860
• Lincoln ran against Douglass in
the Presidential Election of 1860.
• The Southern states did not like
Lincoln or what he believed in.
They overwhelmingly supported
Douglass yet Lincoln STILL got
elected.
http://www.multied.com/elections/1860.html
• Southerners grew very angry.
Said this showed it did not matter
what their opinions were, the
North had to much power!
• Many Southerners talked of
SECEDING from the Union.
1860
Election
Results
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
The First States Secede
• The official formation of
the Confederate States of
America occurred on
March 11, 1861 when the
seven seceded states
signed the new
constitution.
• This started when South
Carolina seceded on
December 20, 1860
The first States secede