Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi
Dalam Pendidikan
Bahan Kuliah Program Studi Manajemen Pendidikan-S2
Program Pascasarjana Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Dosen: Drs. Muchlas, M.T.
Pertemuan Ke-1:
Gambaran Umum Peranan IT
Dalam Bidang Pendidikan
Tujuan:
Mahasiswa dapat:
• mendefinisikan pengertian IT
• membuat deskripsi umum tentang peranan IT
dalam bidang pendidikan
• menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip tatakelola
implementasi IT di lembaga pendidikan
• menjelaskan faktor-faktor keberhasilan dan cara
penilaian implementasi IT di lembaga
pendidikan
Pengalaman Kita Dengan IT
Dalam Bidang Pendidikan?
Teknologi Informasi?
Teknologi Informasi (TI=IT)
• Teknologi Informasi adalah cabang dari
engineering yang menyediakan dukungan
dalam akuisisi, pemrosesan, penyimpanan
dan diseminasi informasi dalam bentuk
angka, teks, suara, dan piktorial (gambar)
menggunakan kombinasi komputasi dan
telekomunikasi berbasis mikroelektronika.
Teknologi Informasi (TI=IT)
Bidang Ilmu
Infrastruktur:
komputasi &
komunikasi
Prosedur:
manajemen
informasi
IT Dalam Pendidikan
Aktivitas
Manajemen
Aktivitas
Mengajar
Aktivitas Belajar
Posisi Tata Kelola IT Dalam Institusi
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/dec07/mueller_phillipson/index.html
PertanyaanTata Kelola
IT
•
• Apakah kita melakukan hal
yang benar?
• Apakah kita melakukannya
dengan cara yang benar?
• Apakah kita membuatnya
bekerja dengan baik?
• Apakah kita mendapatkan
manfaat?
Tata Kelola IT: Pertanyaan-pertanyaan
Implementasi IT
Level
Pengelola
Lembaga
Are we
doing
the right
things?
Are we
getting
the
benefits?
Nilai-nilai
Manajemen
Lembaga
Level
Pengelola
IT
Are we
doing them
the right
way?
Are we
getting
them done
well?
Source: The Information Paradox
Model Tata Kelola IT (1): ISO 38500
Corporate
Governance
Evaluate
Proposals
Plans,
Policies
IT
Projects
Performance
Conformance
Monitor
Direct
IT
Operations
Corporate Management
Page 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Responsibility;
Strategy;
Acquisition;
Performance;
Conformance;
Human
Behaviour.
Model Tata Kelola IT (2): Best Practice di MUSC
Lihat lebih detil di http://www.musc.edu/ocio/presentations/it_gov.pdf
Model Tata Kelola IT (3): Axin
Lihat lebih detil di http://axin.co.uk/insights/insight004.htm
Model Tata Kelola IT (4): IBM
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/dec07/mueller_phillipson/index.html
Model Tata Kelola IT (5): COBIT
http://community.ca.com/blogs/itil/archive/2009/08/31/5-deadly-sins-of-governing-youritsm-environment-part-1.aspx
Faktor Keberhasilan
Implementasi TI
3/22/2016
17
Business Systems and Change
• Operating context of the organisation
– External
– Internal.
• Four key elements of operating
organisations
–
–
–
–
People – who participate in business events
Process – what business events take place
Structure – where business events happen
Technology – enabling and recording
events
People
The
Process Business Structure
System
• IT intrinsic to day to day operations
– Business process specific - Transactions,
Customers, Etc
– Generic - Email, Telephony, Information
Page 18
0:25
Technology
This model is a
variant on H.J.
Leavitt’s Model of
organisational
change, published in
1965.
Business Systems and Change
• Operating context of the organisation
– External
– Internal.
• Four key elements of operating
organisations
–
–
–
–
People – who participate in business events
Process – what business events take place
Structure – where business events happen
Technology – enabling and recording
events
• IT intrinsic to day to day operations
– Business process specific - Transactions,
Customers, Etc
– Generic - Email, Telephony, Information
• When IT fails, whole organisations and
extended organisations stop
– Citylink Melbourne, Tuesday 20 Sept 2006
Page 19
0:26
People
People
The
The
Process
Process Business Structure
Structure
System
System
Technology
Technology
This model is a
variant on H.J.
Leavitt’s Model of
organisational
change, published in
1965.
Business Systems and Change
Change Program
• Business System
People
The
ProcessBusines Structure
s
System
Technology
•
•Process
•Technology
•Structure
•People
–
Eg e-Government
The
Change
• Business Context
•Process
•Technology
“Traditional” •Structure
IT Change Project
•People
IT is now a fundamental enabler of change
and is leading to new business models and
new business practices
•
Changed
People
People
People
ChangedThe
Changed
Process
Structure
Processd
Structure
Busines
ProcessBusinessStructure
s
Busines
System
s
System
System
Changed
Technology
Technology
Technology
Implementing IT enabled change involves
attention to every facet of business models
and practices
–
Internal and external factors
• Governing IT Enabled Change involves much more than governing technology
activities.
Page 20
0:28
Why “Best Effort” is not good enough?
• “Best Effort”, “Some Progress”, “Improved
Performance”… are not measurable.
• “Performance is improved 10%”, “Time to Market
decreased from 100 days to 50 days”, “Customer
Satisfaction Rate improves 23 percents”. Those are
good measurements.
• All the measurements must be
quantitative!
Pengukuran Kinerja Implementasi IT
Generic Maturity Model
Model Kematangan
Responsibility and
Accountability
[RA ]
Awareness and
Communication
[AC ]
Policies, Plans and
Procedures
[PPP]
Tools and Automation
[TA ]
Goal Setting and
Measurement
[GSM]
Skills and Expertise
[SE]
Collecting Maturity Model Data
0
Awareness and Communication
Policies, Standards and Procedures
Tools and Automation
Skills and Expertise
Responsibility and Accountability
Goal Setting and Measurement
1
2
3
4
5