Laboratory and Chemical Safety
• Part Two
First Aid – Accidents
• WATER – the first line for chemical contact or burns. Do
not neutralize the chemical. The reaction will release heat
and cause further damage to the skin
• Cuts and other injuries. First aid can be applied by the
instructor or the student can be referred to the campus
health center.
• If necessary, you will be taken to the school nurse, the
doctor, or the emergency room. Please keep your
insurance information with you at lab.
Chemical Safety
• Labeling – required to communicate
chemical hazard to the person using it.
• SDS – provides information about the
chemical
What is on the SDS
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0- Date of preparation
1- Identification (Formula and molecular weight)
2- Hazard identification
3- Composition / information on ingredients
4- First aid measures
5- Fire-fighting measures
6- Accidental release measures
7- Handling and Storage
8-Exposure control / personal protection
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9- Physical and Chemical Properties
10- Stability and Reactivity
11- Toxocological information
12- Ecological information
13- Disposal considerations
14- Transport information
15- Regulatory information
16- Other information
Where can you find an SDS
• SDSs must be available in the lab in some
form in case a student is injured. If the
injury involves a chemical, we must have
the SDS for the rescue squad.
SDSs in the lab
Yellow folder in wire
cage – one page
On a shelf in one of the two
lab rooms - complete
Other locations
-In the CSO’s office MCK 307, Dr Crockett
-On line (S:\Academic\CHEM\Chemical
Inventory)
GHS statements – 1 highest hazard, 5 lowest listed
Acute toxicity – oral
Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 5 mg/kg
Category 2 - LD50 > 5 or ≤ 50 mg/kg
Category 3 - LD50 > 50 or ≤ 300 mg/kg
Category 4 - LD50 > 300 or ≤ 2000 mg/kg
Acute toxicity – dermal
Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 50 mg/kg
Category 2 - LD50 > 50 or ≤ 200 mg/kg
Category 3 - LD50 > 200 or ≤ 1000 mg/kg
Category 4 - LD50 > 1000 or ≤ 2000 mg/kg
Acute toxicity – inhalation
Category 1 - LD50 ≤ 100 mg/kg
Category 2 - LD50 > 100 or ≤ 500 mg/kg
Category 3 - LD50 > 500 or ≤ 2500 mg/kg
Category 4 - LD50 > 2500 or ≤ 5000 mg/kg
Skin corrosion or Skin irritation (visible damage)
Category 1A – Exposure < 3 min, Observation < 1 hour
Category 1B – Exposure < 1 hour, Observation < 14 days
Category 1C – Exposure < 4 hours, Observation < 14 days
Category 2 – reversible adverse effects, Draize test: ≥ 2.3 < 4
Category 3 – reversible adverse effects, Draize: ≥ 1.5 < 2.3
Serious eye damage
Category 1A – positive evidence from epidemiological studies
Category 1B – positive evidence in in vivo germ cell tests, human
germ cell test, or in vivo somatic mutagenicity tests
Category 2 - suspected or possible tests,
Reproductive toxicity
Category 1A – known or presumed to cause effects on human
reproduction or development based on human evidence
Category 1B – known or presumed to cause effects on human
reproduction or development based on experimental animals
Category 2 – Human or animal evidence possibly with other
information
Category additional – concern for breastfed children effects on
or via lactation
Specific organ toxicity – single exposure
Category 1 – significant toxicity to humans – based on reliable,
good quality case studies or presumed toxic based on animal tests at
low exposure
Category 2 – presumed to be harmful to humans – based on
animal tests at moderate exposure
Category 3 – transient effects – narcotic effects or respiratory
tract irritation
Specific organ toxicity – repeated exposure
Category 1 – significant toxicity to humans – based on reliable, good
quality case studies or presumed toxic based on animal tests at low exposure
Category 2 – presumed to be harmful to humans – based on animal tests
at moderate exposure
Eye damage / irritation
Category 1 – Serious eye damage – irreversible damage 21 days
after exposure
Category 2A – eye irritation – reversible in 21 days
Category 2B – mild irritant – reversible in 7 days
Flammable liquids
Category 1 – FP < 23 oC , initial BP ≤35 oC
Category 2 – FP < 23 oC, initial BP > 35 oC
Category 3 – FP ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC
Category 4 – FP ≥ 60 oC and ≤ 93 oC
Skin sensitization Germ cell mutagenicity
Category 1A – Know or presumed to produce heritable
mutations in human germ cells based on positive evidence from
epidemiological studies
Category 1B – Know or presumed to produce heritable
mutations in human germ cells based on positive in vivo tests in
mammals or human germ cells
Category 2 – Suspected or possible. May include heritable
mutations in human germ cells, positive evidence from animal tests
Oxidizing solids – 3 categories
Acute aquatic toxicity
Category 1 – ≤ 1.00 mg/L
Category 2 – > 1.00 ≤ 10.0 mg/L
Category 3 – > 10.0 < 100 mg/L
Chronic aquatic toxicity
Category 1 – ≤ 1.00 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability or bioconcentration
factor (BCF) <500
Category 2 – > 1.00 ≤ 10.0 mg/L , lack of rapid degradability unless BCF
< 500
Category 3 – > 10.0 < 100 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability unless BCF <
500
Category 4 – > 100 mg/L, lack of rapid degradability unless BCF < 500
Carcinogenicity
Category 1A – Known human carcinogen based on human evidence
Category 1B – Presumed human carcinogen based on demonstrated
animal carcinogenicity
Category Two - Suspected carcinogen – based on limited evidence on
human or animal
GHS pictograms (nine)
• Acute toxicity (fatal
or severe)
• Skin corrosion / burns
• Eye damage
• Corrosive to metals
GHS
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Flammables
Pyrophorics
Self heating
Emits flammable gas
Self reactives
Organic peroxides
GHS
• Explosives
• Self-reactives
• Organic peroxides
• Aquatic toxicity
GHS
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Irritant – skin and eye
Skin sensitizer
Acute toxicity (harmful)
Narcotic effects
Respiratory tract irritant
Hazardous to ozone layer
GHS
• Gases under pressure
• Oxidizers
GHS
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Carcinogen
Mutagenicity
Reproductive toxicity
Respiratory Sensitizer
Target organ toxicity
Aspiration toxicity
Chemical Labeling - NFPA
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Blue – Health Hazard
Red – Flammability
Yellow – Reactivity
White – Special
symbol
NFPA Colors
• Blue – 4 – short exposure can cause death
– ie. HCN.
• Blue – 2 – chronic exposure could cause
possible injury – ie. ammonia gas.
• Red – 4 – readily vaporize and burn –
propane gas.
• Red – 2 – must be heated before
combustion can occur – fuel oil.
NFPA
• Yellow 4 – capable of detonation at normal temperatures
– TNT
• Yellow 2 – violent chemical changes at elevated T / P or
react violently with water – Ca metal
• White –
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₩ – water reactive – Mg metal.
OX – oxidizer – ammonium nitrate
ACID - acid
ALK - base
COR – corrosive
- radioactive
Dept. of Transportation
• Explosives – five • Gases
subcategories
DOT
• Flammable liquids
• Flammable solids
DOT
• Oxidizers
• Poisons
DOT
• Radioactive
• Corrosives
Other Hazards
Our labeling – Blue
• Blue – Health hazard,
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toxic
NFPA 2
oral LD50 < 1 g / kg
DOT class 6 (Poisons)
TSCA listed
GHS Acute toxic – oral, dermal, or inhalation
GHS Warning – narcotic effects
GHS Aquatic toxicity
Reds
• Dark Red – Flammable.
• NFPA 2
• Flash point between 100o and 40 oC
• DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)
• GHS flammable category 4 or oxidizer
• Light red
• NFPA 3
• Flash point between 40o and 10 oC
• DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)
• GHS flammable category 2 or 3 or oxidizer
• Combination of the two
• NFPA 4
• Flash point below 10 oC
• DOT 3 or 4 (Flammable liquids or Flammable solids)
• GHS flammable category 1 or oxidizer
Yellow – Corrosive or an oxidizer.
NFPA 2
DOT 5 or 8.
GHS corrosive, warning, or oxidizer
Green – carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic.
IARC 2 or listed on MSDS.
GHS Health hazard
Black – an explosive or one that can form an explosive species.
DOT 1 (explosives)
Listed as a peroxide former
GHS – explosives
White – “no hazard for now”
GHS – no symbols
Color dots
Blue – toxic,
red - flammable
Blue – toxic, red on red –
extremely flammable
Color dots
Blue – toxic,
yellow – corrosive
Blue – toxic,
carcinogenic
large green -
Example
• 26 – 697 – BY
Shelf 26 - inorganic oxidizers
MSDS number 697
B – blue – toxic
Y – yellow corrosive
Compound is 30% hydrogen peroxide
Example
• 10 – 642 – BR(3)YGX
Shelf 10 – nitro organics
MSDS number 642
B – toxic, R(3) – very flammable, Y –
corrosive, X – explosive, G – carcinogenic
2-nitropropane (no longer on inventory)
Chemical incompatibility
• Alphabetical storage is not used completely
– Sodium cyanide with sulfuric acid??
– Acids with bases?
• Storage – functional groups. Organics from
inorganics. Acids from alcohols.
• We combine the two methods.
– Separate the chemicals by functional group.
– Alphabetize within the group.
Waste from the labs
• Labeled bottles will be in the hoods.
• Be sure to place chemicals in the proper
containers. Read the label!
• Do not overfill a waste bottle (2/3 to 3/4).
• If full, ask the stockroom manager for a new
bottle. Do not use a beaker as a waste “bottle” in
the hood.
Labeling for Waste Bottles
• Laboratory_______________________________
• Experiment ______________________________
• Waste Contents __________________________
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Fire safety
• Where are the fire exits when an alarm sounds? Look next to the lab
or classroom door. Always check the route in a new building /
classroom.
• What is the procedure for exiting the building? Read the directions
the first time you are in the room.
• What is the procedure for after you exit the building? Go outside
away from the building and get together with your class. Do not
return to the dorm or classroom until the professor tells you to do so.
You will be instructed by the building supervisor, police, or fire
personnel.
• Never assume that it is a drill. Always leave the building
Reporting incidents
• How do we report an accident?
• Use the reporting form available. Where are the
forms – in the lab, in the stockroom, or in my
office.
• Reportable accidents –
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Hazardous chemical spills
Bodily injury
Falls
Simple first-aid
Other as determined by CSO
Accident report form
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Name______________________________
Date_____________
Where exposure occurred:
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Description of exposure/incident
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Type/name of chemical involved
_____________________________________________________________________
*please send copy of the MSDS sheet for product with this form.
Lab Superviser’s signature____________________________
First Aid – Accidents
• WATER – the first line for chemical contact or burns. Do
not neutralize the chemical. The reaction will release heat
and cause further damage to the skin
• Cuts and other injuries. Minor first aid can be applied by
the instructor or the student can be referred to the campus
health center.
• If necessary, you will be taken to the school nurse, the
doctor, or the emergency room. Please keep your
insurance information with you at lab.
Housekeeping duties – during lab
• Broken glass - do not place into the trash cans. If
glass is found in the trash, and unless we know
differently, we will hold all students in the previous
lab responsible.
• Trash – trash can – not in the sinks or in the broken
glass box
• Chemical spills and waste – labeled bottles will be
placed in the hood. Be careful to place the waste in
the correct bottle if more than one bottle is present.
Never fill the waste bottle over 2/3 to 3/4 full.
Housekeeping after lab
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Clean all glassware that you used
Wipe down the benchtop (wet paper towel)
Return your tray to the cabinet (organic lab)
Return used glassware to the lab supply (general chem)
Refill burets with deionized water
Check the sinks for paper, glass, or plastic
Put the chairs in the center opening of the table.
Leave the area as clean or cleaner as you found it.
Chemical Hygiene Plan
• What is the CHP? This is a document that
tells us how to handle hazardous chemicals
on the BC campus.
• Covers. Transportation, handling, labeling
etc on the BC campus.
• Any questions should come to Dr Crockett
• This will be available on line by later this
term.
References
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Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, ACS
Handbook of Chemical Health and Safety, ACS
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, NRC
Hazardous Chemicals and the Right to Know, Harris/Harvey
Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, Young
Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals, Pipitone
Environmental Compliance Assistance Guide for Colleges and
Universities, APPA/CSHEMA
• Waste Disposal in Academic Institutions, Kaufman
• CFR
• Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students, Robert Hill and David
Finster
Quiz!
• You will be given a quiz covering the basic safety rules
and regulations that we have covered here. When
finished, you will sign and turn in the quiz. This marks
your attendance in the second half of this seminar.
• If both the quiz and the dress code are not turned in, you
will NOT receive credit for the seminar and you will no
longer be allowed to work in our labs.