Essay Writing
Terms
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characterization :
• (1) the explicit presentation by the
author of the character through
direct exposition, either in an
introductory block or more often
piecemeal throughout the work,
illustrated by action;
characterization :
2) the presentation of the
character in action, with little or
no explicit comment by the
author, in the expectation that
the reader can deduce the
attributes of the actor from the
actions;
characterization :
• (3) the representation
from within a character,
without comment by the
author, of the impact of
actions and emotions on
the character's inner self.
concrete image
•an object or thing
that can be
experienced with the
senses
figurative language:
• speech or writing that
departs from literal meaning
in order to achieve a special
effect or meaning, speech
or writing employing figures
of speech
Tone
• the reason for which
something exists or is done,
made, used, etc.
• an intended or desired
result; end; aim; goal.
Ethical/Ethics
• Ethos-The distinguishing
character, beliefs or
moral nature of a person,
group, or institution.
Emotions
• Pathos-In its rhetorical sense, pathos
is a writer or speaker's attempt to
inspire an emotional reaction in an
audience--usually a deep feeling of
suffering, but sometimes joy, pride,
anger, humor, patriotism, or any of a
dozen other emotions.
Logic
• Logos-following Aristotle,
persuasion that uses an
appeal to logical arguments
that requires one to draw one’s
own conclusion based upon
the argument presented
irony:
• the discrepancy between what
is said and what is meant,
what is said and what is done,
what is expected or intended
and what happens, what is
meant or said and what others
understand.
situational irony: exists when
there is an incongruity
between what is expected
to happen and what actually
happens due to forces
beyond human
comprehension or control.
• dramatic irony: a
discrepancy between what a
character believes or says
and what the reader or
audience member knows to
be true.
Diction
•style of speaking
or writing as
dependent upon
choice of words.
Aesthetic effect
an effect regarding the
philosophy of beauty
or the pleasing
qualities of something.
Syntax
the grammatical
arrangement of
words in
sentences
Syllogism
a form of reasoning in which
two statements or premises
are made and a logical
conclusion is drawn from
them; a form of deductive
reasoning.
dialogue
• 1.conversation between two or
more persons.
• 2.the conversation between
characters in a novel, drama,
etc.
• 3.an exchange of ideas or
opinions on a particular issue
clarity
• clearness or lucidity as to
perception or
understanding; freedom
from indistinctness or
ambiguity.
rhetorical device
• is a technique that an
author or speaker uses
to evoke an emotional
response in his audience
(his reader(s) or
listener(s))
•Basic types of
persuasive speech
There are 3!
Speeches of fact.
• Here, you try to prove that
something is or is not so, or that
something did or did not happen.
“Our candidate has always
supported more money for
education” would be a thesis for a
persuasive speech of fact.
Speeches of value
• In this type of persuasive
speech, you try to prove good
or bad, better or worse. “This
movie is superior to its sequel”
would be a thesis for a
persuasive speech of value.
Speeches of policy.
• In this case, you try to prove
that something should or
should not be done. “You
should buy only Americanmade goods” would be a
suitable thesis for a speech of
policy.
Narration
•the act or
process or an
instance of
telling in detail
Exposition
Writing or speech primarily intended to
convey information or to explain; a
detailed statement or explanation;
explanatory treatise(in a play, novel, etc.)
dialogue, description, etc., that gives the
audience or reader the background of
the characters and the present situation
Persuasion
The type of speaking or
writing that is intended to
make its audience adopt a
certain opinion or pursue an
action or do both.
Parallelism
• In grammar, parallelism is a balance of two
or more similar words, phrases, or
clauses.
Compare the following examples:
Lacking parallelism: She likes
cooking, jogging, and to read.
Parallel: She likes cooking, jogging, and
reading.
Repetition
Repetition of a sound,
syllable, word, phrase,
line, stanza, or metrical
pattern is a basic
unifying device in all
poetry.
analogy
•a similarity between
like features of two
things, on which a
comparison may be
based