Technology In Action
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Technology In Action
Chapter 5
Using System Software: The Operating
System, Utility Programs, and File
Management
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Topics
• System software
• Operating systems:
–
–
–
–
–
Kinds of systems
Common desktop systems
User interaction
Manage the processor
Manage memory
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Topics
• Operating systems:
–
–
–
–
Manage hardware
Interact with application software
Start the computer
Keep the computer organized
• Desktop and windows features
• Utility programs
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
System Software
Operating systems
• Control computer
functions:
–
–
–
–
Hardware
Memory
Application programs
System maintenance
• Provide user interface
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
System utilities
• Programs that perform
computer
housekeeping tasks:
– Manage system resources
– Improve efficiency
– Virus prevention
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Operating System Categories
• Four categories:
–
–
–
–
Real-Time (RTOS)
Single-User, Single-Task
Single-User, Multitask
Multi-user
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Real-Time Operating Systems
• Systems with a specific purpose and a
certain result
• Uses include:
–
–
–
–
–
Industrial machines
Robotic equipment
Automobiles
Video game consoles
Home appliances
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Single-User Operating Systems
Single-task systems
• Perform one task at a
time
• PDAs:
– Pocket PC
– Palm OS
• MS-DOS
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
•
•
•
•
Multitask systems
Perform simultaneous
tasks
Windows
MAC OS
Linux
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Multi-user Operating Systems
• Known as network operating systems
• Allow access to the computer system by
more than one user
• Manage user requests
• Systems include:
– UNIX
– Novell Netware
– Windows Server 2003
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Desktop Operating Systems
• Operating system combined with the
processor is known as a platform
– Microsoft Windows / Intel
– Apple Macintosh / Motorola
• Desktop operating systems include:
–
–
–
–
Microsoft Windows
MAC OS
UNIX
Linux
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Microsoft Windows
• Market leader – 90% market share
Click to view the various Windows systems
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
XP
2000
ME
NT
98
95
3.x
1.0
2.0
(2001)
(2000)
(1993)
(1998)
(1995)
(1990(1985)
(1987)
1992)
Introduces
Fundamentally
First
widely
This
Includes
This
operating
upgrade
better
This
upgrade
This
upgrade
different
used
point-and-click
PCruns
Offers
a new
system
graphics
toWindows
Windows
to
NT
includes
operating
graphical
commands
user
with
multi-user
faster
capabilities
95 and
and
offers
additional
file
system
interface
a
mouse
with
and
(GUI)
desktop
as
and
introduces
Windows
more
98
improvements
protection
and
increased
operating
includes
modest
well
as
efficiently,
keyboard
includes
to
file security
incorporates
security,
system.
multitasking
power,
improved
introduces
shortcuts
system
and
Plug
and
Internet
Internet
performance,
Improved
capabilities
digital
and
the
backup
ability
Play media
and
toand
support.
Explorer
4.0,
and
point-and-click
desktop
features
and a
capabilities,
overlap
multimedia
customizable
multitasking
mouse
applications.
Internet
long
windows.
capabilities
file names,
taskbar,
and
scheduler.
operations
capabilities.
short-cut
(such as and
desktop
multitasking
right-click
Media Player).
features
capabilities.
menus, and a
cleaner
NEXT
desktop.
SLIDE
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
MAC OS
• First operating system with
point-and-click technology
• Excels in:
–
–
–
–
MAC OS X
Graphics display
Processing capabilities
System reliability
Document recovery
• Fewer software
applications
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
UNIX
• Multi-user, multitask operating system
• Used primarily with mainframes
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Linux
• Open-source operating
system
• Based on UNIX
• Stable system
• Free
• May be downloaded
through the Internet
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
What the Operating System Does
•
•
•
•
•
Provides user interface
Manages the CPU
Manages memory
Manages hardware
Coordinates application
software with the CPU
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
The User Interface
• Enables you to interact with the computer
• Types of interfaces:
– Command-driven interface
– Menu-driven interface
– Graphical user interface
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Processor Management
• Controls the timing of events the
processor works on
–
–
–
–
Interrupts
Interrupt handler
Interrupt table
Stack
REQUEST
Operatin
Process
Process
g
3rd
1st
2nd
4th
System
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Memory Management
• The operating system allocates space in
RAM for instructions and data
RAM
Operating
System
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Virtual Memory
• Instructions and data are stored on the
hard drive when RAM is full
– Swap file
– Paging
– Thrashing
FULL
Operating
System
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Hardware Management
• Device drivers:
– Programs that enable the operating system to
communicate with peripheral devices
– Provided by the manufacturer of the device
• Plug and Play:
– Introduced in Microsoft Windows 95
– Hardware and software standard
– Facilitates the installation of new hardware
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Software Application Coordination
• Application programming interfaces
(APIs):
– Blocks of code contained in the operating system
– Coordinates the operating system with software
applications
 Similar toolbars and menus
– Microsoft Direct X
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Starting the Computer
The boot process
• Step 1: The basic
input/output system
(BIOS) is activated
• Step 2: A Power-onself-test (POST) checks
attached hardware
• Step 3: The operating
system loads into
memory
• Step 4: Configuration
and customization
settings are checked
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1
3
4
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Screen during boot process
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Handling Errors in the
Boot Process
• Non-system disk or disk error
– Remove the floppy from the drive and
press any key
• POST errors
– Single beep: Everything is loading
properly
– Series of beeps: Hardware problem
• Safe mode
– Windows does not boot properly
– Uninstall any new devices or software
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
The Desktop
Click to view
Desktop features
B
MY DOCUMENTS
____________
I
• Desktop features:TOOLBAR
_________
C
MY
COMPUTER
____________
– Shortcut icons
– My Documents
SHORT CUT ICONS
A _______________
– Start button
– Quick launch
– Open programs
– Taskbar
OPEN
_________
PROGRAMS
_________
– System
tray
TASKBAR
_________
START BUTTON – toolbar
D ____________
F
E
QUICKLAUNCH
____________
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
G
___________
SYSTEM TRAY
H
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Start Menu
Click to view Start
menu features
USER NAME
____________
A
• Start menu
features
PINNED ITEMS LIST
_______________
B
MOST FREQUENTLY
_______________
USED LIST
C
ALL PROGRAMS
___________
BUTTON
D
USER LOG OFF
_____________
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
E
– User name
– Pinned items
_______________
– Frequently used
SPECIAL FOLDERS
SYSTEM AREA
G _______________
programs
HELP
_______________
– All programs
– User logoff
– Shutdown/Restart
F
– Special
SHUT
DOWN/RESTART
_______________
folders/system/help
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Window
Click to view
Window features
__________
TITLE
BAR
A
__________
MENU
BAR
B
TOOL
BARS
__________
C
VIEW OPTIONS
______________
D
____________
STATUS BAR
E
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Title bar
Menu
Toolbars
View options
Status bar
Scroll bar
Sizing buttons
G
F
_______________
SIZING BUTTONS
SCROLL
BARS
____________
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
File Management
• The operating system provides an
organizational structure to the computer’s
contents
• Hierarchical structure of directories:
– Drives
 Folders
Subfolders
» Files
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Viewing and Sorting Files
and Folders
• Windows Explorer views:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Thumbnails
Tiles
Icon
List
Details
Sorted and grouped
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Naming Files
• Filename:
– Name assigned
plus filename
extension
• Filename
extensions:
– Used by
programs
• File path:
Extension
.doc
Type of Document
Bioreport.doc
Word processing
Application
document
Microsoft Word;
Corel Word Perfect
Workbook
Microsoft Excel
PowerPoint
presentation
Microsoft
PowerPoint
.mdb
Database
Microsoft Access
.bmp
Bitmap image
Windows
.zip
Secondary
.pdf folders
Portable Document
Compressed file
WinZip
.html
Language
.xls
.ppt
or
Bio report.doc
Filename
Adobe Acrobat
– Location of the
Format
file C:\My Documents\
dotmatrix.gif
in page
Action\TIA Pics\
.htm or Tech
Web
Hypertext
Markup
Drive
Primary
folder
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Working with Files
• File management actions:
–
–
–
–
–
Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete
• Recycle bin
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Summary Questions
• What software is included in system
software?
• What are the different kinds of operating
systems?
• What are the most common desktop
operating systems?
• How does the operating system provide
user interaction with the computer?
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Summary Questions
• How does the operating system help
manage:
–
–
–
–
The processor?
Memory and storage?
Hardware and peripheral devices?
Application software?
• How does the operating system help the
computer start up?
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Technology In Action Chapter 5
Summary Questions
• What are the main desktop and windows
features?
• How does the operating system help keep
the computer organized?
© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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