Power Point Slides - NYU Tandon School of Engineering
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SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 Polytechnic University Mechanical Engineering ORIENTATION Introduction • Professor Vikram Kapila • Associate Professor • Room: RH 508 Phone: (718) 260-3161/3160 E-mail: vkapila@poly.edu SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE • • • • Name: Nathan (Sang-Hoon) Lee Room: RH 514A Phone: (718)260-3783 E-mail: sparknate@yahoo.com SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Teaching assistants • • • • Name: Isaac Osei Room: RH 514A Phone: (718)260-3783 E-mail: osei-isaac@yahoo.com SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Laboratory rule • Don’t play – no e-mail checking, chatting, browsing web, listening music, singing, running, etc. • Don’t touch any other experiments • No food and no drink • Keep this room clean and well organized – after experiments, put them in original place with the same original condition • Respect each other • Maturity • Practice safety SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Schedule Start Date: July 1, 2002(Monday) End Date: August 16, 2002(Friday) Period: 7 weeks Day: Monday - Friday Time: 10am - 4pm Lunch time: 12:40pm – 1:40pm SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Mon 1 1st Tue 2 8 2nd Lecture1 Resistors 9 3rd 16 4 17 4th 23 30 5th 5 Holiday Basic electronic projects 12 18 Presentation 19 Robotics (6) 24 Brain storming for a project 29 Fri Basic analog and digital (8) Earth measurements (6) 22 Thu Lecture2 Digital multimeter Lecture3 Signals 10 11 What's a microcontroller? (6) 15 Presentation 25 26 Building the project 31 1 Presentation 2 Building the project 5 6 6th 7 Presentation 8 9 Building the project 12 7th 3 Orientation Yes center schedule Wed 13 14 Presentation 15 Building the project SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 16 Presentation SANG-HOON LEE Writing lab report • Prepare a lab book • Write what you learned, what you did, what you needed • Do this everyday SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Making presentation • Show what you learned, what you did for a week on every Friday • Use Microsoft power point SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE How to make a Presentation Isaac Osei SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Five Steps • • • • • Planning Introduction The Body The Conclusion Questions • Presentation Tips SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE STEP 1 - Planning • • • • • • Topic/Main Idea Research Structure Audience Time Outline SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE STEP 2 - The INTRODUCTION • Connection • Attention • Preview • Structure SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE STEP 3 - The Body • Information • Speak Clearly • Follow the Outline SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE STEP 4 - The Conclusion • Reinforce • Summarize • Conclude SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE STEP 5 - Questions • Important • Prepare ahead of Time • Thank your audience SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Tips for Maintaining your Audience’s Attention • • • • • • • Make your presentation Interactive Share Stories Repetition Humor Never Read Move Around Eye Contact SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Ice break • • • • • • Name School Specialty Hobby Goal for this summer program Others SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Making groups • make 4 groups in total SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Lecture 1 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE What is current? • A flow of charged particles • Carried by small negatively-charged particles, called electrons • Represented by the symbol I, and is measured in amperes, or 'amps', A. • Most often measured in milliamps, mA • Like water flow SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Water analogy SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE What is voltage? • Potential difference, or voltage • Represented by the symbol V , and is measured in volts, V • Like potential energy at water fall SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Water analogy SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Series connection of cells • Each cell provides 1.5 V. Two cells connected one after another, in series, provide 3 V, while three cells would provide 4.5 V SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Parallel connection of cells • If the cells are connected in parallel, the voltage stays at 1.5 V, but the life of the battery is doubled SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE DC and AC • A cell provides a steady voltage, so that current flow is always in the same direction. This is called direct current, or d.c • The domestic mains provides a constantly changing voltage which reverses in polarity 60 times every second. This gives rise to alternating current, or a.c SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Power Supply SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Resistor • A dissipative element that converts electrical energy into heat • Resistors limit current • Unit is ohms, W SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE resistors of different sizes SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE How to read resistor value 1. By color code 2. By digital multi meter(DMM) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE How to read resistor value 1. By color code Resistor value= AB 10C tol %(W) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Resistance Color code Number 0 1 2 3 Color black brown red orange 4 5 6 7 8 9 yellow green blue violet grey white Tolerance Color ±1% ±2% ±5% ±10% SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 brown red gold silver SANG-HOON LEE example • The first band is yellow, so the first digit is 4 • Second digit is a violet band, making the second digit 7 • A red band is 2 2 • Resistor value is 47 10 5%(W) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Metric Units and conversions Abbreviation Means p n µ m . k M G Multiply unit by Or pico .000000000001 nano .000000001 micro .000001 milli .001 Unit 1 kilo 1,000 mega 1,000,000 giga 1,000,000,000 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 10 -12 10 -9 10 -6 10 -3 10 0 10 3 10 6 10 9 SANG-HOON LEE example SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Digital multimeter • Voltmeter – Parallel connection • Ammeter – Series connection • Ohmmeter – Without any power supplied • Adjust range(start from highest limit if you don’t know) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Resistors in series Rtotal=R1+R2 Rtotal=1+1=2kohm SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Resistors in parallel R1 R2 Rtotal R1 R2 1 1 1 Rtotal 0.5kW 11 2 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Exercise SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Potentiometer • • • • Has a adjustable resistance Circular potentiometer Linear potentiometer Use as a position sensor SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Potentiometer SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Potentiometer SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Linear potentiometer SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Linear potentiometer SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Linear potentiometer SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Lecture 2 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Capacitors • store electric charge • consists of two plates of a conducting material separated by a space filled by an insulator • measured in units called farads, F SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE How to read capacitor value • The first two figures give us 10, the third figure gives us 0000, and the letter 10%. We normally express this as 0.1µF SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE LED Light-emitting diodes Semiconductor Has polarity SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE LEDs SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE How to connect LED • Requires 1.5~2.5V and 10 miliA • To prevent overloading, use resistor(330 ohm) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE breadboard • SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE breadboard • SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Digital multimeter • A meter is a measuring instrument • An ammeter measures current • a voltmeter measures the potential difference (voltage) between two points • an ohmmeter measures resistance • A multimeter combines these functions, and possibly some additional ones as well, into a single instrument SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Digital multimeter • Voltmeter – Parallel connection • Ammeter – Series connection • Ohmmeter – Without any power supplied • Adjust range(start from highest limit if you don’t know) SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE switched range multimeter SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Auto ranging multimeter SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Ammeter connection • Break the circuit so that the ammeter can be connected in series • All the current flowing in the circuit must pass through the ammeter • An ammeter must have a very LOW resistance. SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Voltmeter connection • The voltmeter is connected in parallel between the two points • a voltmeter should have a very HIGH resistance SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Ohmmeter connection • An ohmmeter does not function with a circuit connected to a power supply • must take it out of the circuit altogether and test it separately SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Lecture 3 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE DC signals • A cell provides a steady voltage, so that current flow is always in the same direction. This is called direct current, or d.c SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE AC signals • the voltage levels change with time and alternate between positive values (above the X-axis) and negative values SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Sine waves • A sine wave has the same shape as the graph of the sine function SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Properties of Sine waves • Period: T : The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of a repeating waveform • Frequency: f : This is the number of cycles completed per second. The measurement unit for frequency is the hertz, Hz 1 T f SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Properties of Sine waves • Amplitude: – peak amplitude, Vp – peak-to-peak amplitude, Vpp – rms amplitude Vrms VP 2 SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE What is rms amplitude and why is it important? • The rms amplitude is the DC voltage which will deliver the same average power as the AC signal SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Properties of Sine waves SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Audio signal and noise • sound frequencies which can be detected by the human ear vary from a lower limit of around 20 Hz to an upper limit of about 20 kHz • A noise signal consists of a mixture of frequencies with random amplitudes SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE waveforms of different frequency and amplitude SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Function generator SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Connection using a BNC lead SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Oscilloscope SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Oscilloscope SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Screen of a oscilloscope SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE VOLTS/DIV and TIME/DIV of a oscilloscope SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Basic electronic projects SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Micro controller SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Summer 2002 projects SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE Summer 2002 projects • • • • • Biotronics Weather station Mobile robot Automobile Security system SUMMER RESEARCH 2002 SANG-HOON LEE
