Aim: What are waves?
Do Now: Make a list of at least 5 different
types of waves.
Homework: Study for quiz.
1. What is a wave?
• A disturbance that
travels through
matter or empty
space, & transfers
energy
• Ex. a ripple in a
pond, or light
from the sun
2. What is a
medium?
• The matter through
which a wave moves
Ex. Solid, liquid, or gas
a) Water is a medium
for ocean waves
b) Air is a medium for
sound waves
3. What type of
waves require a
medium?
4. What types of
waves don’t
require a
medium?
Mechanical Waves
Electromagnetic
Waves
• Can travel through a
vacuum (empty
space) or a medium
Ex) Light or X-Rays
5. What are 2 types
of waves?
1. Transverse
&
2. Longitudinal
(a.k.a.
Compressional)
6. How does a
transverse wave
move?
Medium
 
Energy of the Wave
The motion of the
medium is at right
angles to the
direction of the wave
Ex. A ripple in
water, light,
electromagnetic
waves
The motion of the
7. How does a
medium is parallel
longitudinal wave
to the direction of
move?
the wave, or back &
forth
Ex. Sound
Transverse Waves
Longitudinal Waves
1. Motion of the
medium is at right
angles to the
direction of the
wave
2. Ex)
Electromagnetic
waves
3. Don’t require a
medium
1. Motion of the
medium is parallel
to the direction of
the wave
2. Ex) Sound
3. Require a medium
Compression
The space in the
medium where
the particles are
crowded together
Rarefaction
The space in the
medium where
there are fewer
particles
Aim: What are characteristics
of waves?
Do Now: Take out a piece of loose-leaf, put
your name on top & # it 1-5.
Prepare for quiz.
Homework: Study for Quiz &
Complete questions 2 & 3 in note-packet on a
separate piece of loose-leaf
***Make sure to write out the formulas, plug in
#s, & give correct answer & units
Name_____________
What are waves? - Quiz
1. Waves only transfer _______________.
2. What type of waves require a medium?
3. The motion of the medium is at right angles to
the direction of the wave describes a _________
type of wave.
4. Another name for a compressional wave is a
___________ wave.
5. In a Compressional wave, the space in the
medium where there are fewer particles is
called a _________________.
1. What are the
parts of a wave?
a) Crest -
the highest point of a
Transverse Wave
b) Trough -
the lowest point of a
Transverse Wave
c) Normal
Resting Position -
position of the
medium without a
wave disturbance
2. What are 3
characteristics
that all waves
have?
1. (D) Amplitude,
2. (E) Wavelength, &
3. Frequency
• the maximum
3. What is
movement from the rest
Amplitude?
position
•  energy =  amplitude
4. What is
Wavelength?
• the distance between
2 consecutive crests
or troughs
• Measured in meters
or cm
• The symbol = λ
(lambda)
5. What is
frequency?
a) The number of waves that
pass a point in one second
b) Importance:
• Distinguishes one color of
light from another
•
Higher frequency = higher
sound (pitch)
c) Measured in units called Hertz
1 Hz = 1 wave/sec.
Example:
You are at a lighthouse on the tip of an
island. You notice that 1 wave passes
every 2 seconds.
What is the frequency of the wave?
1 wave/2 sec.
Or
= 0.5 Hz
6. What is the relationship •
between frequency &
wavelength?
As Wavelength
decreases,
Frequency
increases.
• As wavelength
increases,
Frequency
decreases.
• Inverse
Relationship
Summary:
1. How do you measure
wavelength?
2. Which wave has the
greatest wavelength?
3. What is frequency?
4. Which wave has the
greatest frequency?
5. What are the
frequencies for waves
A, B, C?
1. How can you
calculate the
speed of a wave?
Recall:
How is speed
calculated?
Wave Speed =
Wavelength X
Frequency
or
V = L*F
meters X (waves)
(sec)
Example 1:
V
Waves pass the
end of a dock 2
L F
times every
second. If the
V
=
L
*
F
waves are 3 meters
long, how fast are V = 3.0 m * 2.0 Hz
they moving?
V = 6 m/s
Example 2:
A wave has a
V=L*F
frequency of 10 Hz
V = 30m * 10 Hz
& a wavelength of
30 m.
V = 300 m/s
What is its speed?
Example 3:
The speed of a
wave is 200 m/s,
& the frequency
is 20 Hz.
What is its
wavelength?
L=V
F
L = 200 m/s
20 Hz
L = 10 meters
• Yahoo! Video Detail for f14transonic.mpg
• Wave Parts
• http://www.acs.psu.edu/users/sparrow/movi
es/newbackwardcomp.flat.mov
Aim: What does the speed of a wave
depend upon?
Do Now: Take out homework & prepare
for quiz.
Homework: Study for Quiz.
Quiz – Characteristics of Waves
1. Write the letter that identifies: Amplitude
2. Write the letter that identifies: Wavelength
3. The number of waves that pass a given point in
each second is known as ____________.
4. The loudness of a sound is determined by
its______________.
(Wavelength, Frequency, or Amplitude)
5. You
areare
at at
a lighthouse
onon
thethe
tiptip
of of
anan
You
a lighthouse
island.
notice
that
1515
wave
passes
island.You
You
notice
that
waves
passes
every
3 seconds.
every
3 seconds.
What is the frequency of the wave?
1. What does the
speed of a wave
depend upon?
The medium
through which it
travels.
Recall:
What is a medium?
2. What are some
properties of a
medium which
can affect the
speed of sound?
1. Density,
2. Elasticity, &
3. Temperature
3. How does density • Waves move
slower in a
affect the speed
denser medium
of a wave?
Due to:
• More mass in a
(Is it easier to stir
given volume &
a spoon through
• More inertia to
water or
overcome
molasses? Why?)
Recall – What is
inertia?
4. How does
elasticity affect
wave speed?
Elasticity = the ability
of a medium to
return to its
original (resting)
position
(Is it easier to run • Waves move faster
on the beach, or
in more elastic
on a track?)
mediums
5. What phase of
matter is the
most elastic?
• Solids are more
elastic than
liquids &
• Liquids are more
elastic than gases
6. How does
temperature
affect the speed
of sound?
Lower temperature
= slower speed of
sound
Higher temperature
= faster speed of
sound
• Direct
Relationship
Summary:
In what
medium does
sound travel
the fastest?
The slowest?
Aim: What are 4 types of wave
interactions?
Do Now: Prepare for Quiz.
Homework: Study for Quiz & Read pages 327 –
329 & 339, Answer Ques. #1 on pg 343
1. What is A
2.
B
3.
C
4.
D
5.
G
6. What type of wave is this?
7. The number of waves that pass a
point in one second is known as
__________.
8. What types of waves require a
medium?
9. As temperature increases, the
speed of a wave __________.
10. What do waves transfer?
Bonus:
What is the
relationship
between
wavelength &
frequency?
1. What do you
know about
waves traveling
in the same
medium?
1. They move at a
constant speed &
2. They move in a
constant (same)
direction
2. What happens
when a wave hits
an obstacle, a
different
medium, or
another wave?
1. Reflection
2. Diffraction
3. Refraction (with
or without
dispersion)
4. Interference
3. What causes
a Reflection?
a) The bouncing back of a
wave when it hits a
barrier
b) Surfaces reflect light
waves at the same angle
at which they are hit.
c) Examples:
Looking in a mirror, or
an echo
Reflection
4. What is the
Law of
Reflection?
angle of incidence =
angle of reflection
or
Angle I = Angle R
Example:
If the
angle of incidence =
30°
the angle of reflection
= _______
5. What is
Diffraction?
The bending of
waves around an
obstacle
Draw This Picture
6. What is
Refraction?
The change in
direction and speed of
waves when they move
from one medium to
another
Refraction in Glass Lenses
7. What happens
when light hits a
glass prism?
1. Refraction
&
2. Dispersion -the
process of
separating white
light into a
spectrum of color
Ex. A prism forms a
rainbow
8. What 3 processes
occur as a light
wave hits a
boundary
between 2
different
mediums?
1. Reflection
2. Absorption
3. Refraction
9. Why do we
perceive certain
objects as being
the color red?
• When white light
hits a red object
the red light is
reflected & taken
in by our eye.
• All other colors
are absorbed.
10. What is true
about a white
object?
It reflects all
colors of the
spectrum, as well
as heat.
11. What is true
about a black
object?
It absorbs all
colors of the
spectrum, as well
as heat.
What happens during
Interference?
2 or more waves arrive
at the same place at the
same time
Constructive
Interference
Destructive
Interference
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
• http://www.tau.ac.il/~simcha/Tacoma-a.mov
Aim: What are properties of sound?
Do Now: Prepare for quiz
Homework: Study for tomorrow’s quiz &
Friday’s Exam on waves.
Quiz - Wave Interactions
For Questions (1-5, 7 & 10) Choose the
Answers: Reflection, Refraction
Diffraction or Disbursion)
1. The change in direction and speed of
waves when they move from one medium
to another is called _________________.
2. An echo is an example of _________.
3. The bending of a wave around an obstacle
is called ___________.
4. This picture shows:
5. The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a
barrier is called ______________.
6. _____________ absorbs all colors of the
spectrum, as well as heat. (Black or White)
7. This picture
demonstrates_______
8. If the total angle =
80 degrees, what is
the angle of reflection?
9. When white light hits a red object the
red light is ______________. (Absorbed
or Reflected)
10. When white light hits a prism
refraction & ____________ occurs.
1. What is sound?
1. Is a form of energy,
2. Has longitudinal waves
produced by vibrations,
&
3. Can’t travel in empty
space (vacuum)
It Needs a Medium!
1. Medium
2. What factors
affect the speed 2. Elasticity
of sound?
3. Temperature
Waves move faster:
a) in solids,
b) more elastic,
c) & higher
temperatures
3. What are
properties of
sound?
1. Frequency & Pitch
2. Intensity & Loudness
4. What is pitch? a) Pitch is a description of a
sound as high or low.
b) This depends on how fast
the particles of a medium
vibrate, or the frequency of
the waves.
c)  frequency =  pitch
(higher sound)
 frequency =  pitch
(lower sound)
5. What are • Human ear can detect 20 to
humans
20,000 Hz (vibrations/sec)
capable of
hearing? •  20,000 Hz = ultrasonic
•  20 Hz = infrasonic
6. What is the
doppler effect?
v The change in pitch
due to  or 
frequencies, which
result from sound waves
being pushed together,
or spread apart.
v This occurs whenever
there is motion between
the source of a sound &
its receiver.
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/
2000/applets/doppler.html
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/
2000/applets/doppler2.html
7. What is
intensity?
1. The amount of energy
carried by a wave in a
certain amount of time.
2. This determines the
loudness of a sound.
3. The decibel (dB) scale
measures intensity.
Sonic Boom
sonic_boom.mpg - Yahoo! Video
Aim: What types of waves make up the
electromagnetic spectrum?
Do Now: Prepare for quiz
Homework:
Study for tomorrow’s quiz
& this Friday’s Exam on
Waves.
Name_____________
Sound – Quiz #1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Above 20,000 Hz is known as ___________.
The number of waves/sec is known as _______.
As frequency increases, pitch __________.
Intensity causes an increase in amplitude of a
wave which will cause an increase in ________.
5. Sound is an example of a __________ wave.
Bonus: Where is the pitch higher? (Point A or B)
A
B
Name_____________ Sound – Quiz #2
1. Sound is an example of a __________ wave.
2. Below 20 Hz is known as ___________.
(Ultrasonic or Infrasonic)
1. The number of waves/sec is known as _______.
2. As frequency decreases, pitch __________.
3. Where is the pitch lower? (Point A or B)
A
B
Bonus: Intensity causes an increase in amplitude
of a wave which will cause an increase in
____________.
a) Waves consisting of
1. What are
electric & magnetic
electromagnetic
fields
waves?
b) positioned at right
angles to each other & to
the direction of the wave
motion
c) Carry energy
d) Travel in a vacuum or
medium
What type of wave is an
electromagnetic wave?
•
2. How are
electromagnetic
waves arranged? •
In order of wavelength
& frequency
in what is known as
the
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Recall:
What do you know
about relationship
between wavelength &
frequency?
What do you notice about
frequency, energy & wavelength?
What do you think about the sizes
of the various waves?
3.
What are the 6 groups of
electromagnetic waves?
Radio
Waves
Infrared Visible Ultra(White) Violet
Light
Least
Energy
Increasing Frequency & Energy
&
Frequency
Longest
Wavelength
Decreasing Wavelength
XRays
Gamma
Rays
Highest
Energy
&
Frequency
Shortest
Wavelength
4. What is the
relationship
between
frequency ,
energy, &
wavelength?
a) As frequency
increases, energy
increases
= Direct relationship
b) As frequency
increases, wavelength
decreases
= Inverse relationship
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Waves Infrared Visible
Light
UltraViolet
XRays
Gamma
Rays
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Waves Infrared Visible
Light
Transmit
radio (AM
or FM) &
TV waves
Micro-waves
(high
frequency
Radio waves)
Radar
Ultra- XViolet Rays
Gamma
Rays
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Infrared
Waves
Felt as heat
Can be used
to make a
picture called
a
Thermogram
Visible Ultra(White) Violet
Light
XRays
Gamma
Rays
How are thermograms made?
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Infrared Visible
Waves
(White)
Light
The only
waves that
can be seen!
ROY G BIV
Needed for
photosynthesis
Ultra- X- Gamma
Violet Rays
Rays
6a) Which color has
the greatest
wavelength?
Red
(Least frequency
& energy)
6b) Which color has
the greatest
frequency &
energy?
Violet
(it has the
shortest
wavelength)
6c) What else do we
know about
visible light?
a) It can act as a
wave or a tiny
bundle of light
energy called a
photon
b) Nothing in the
universe travels
faster
(300 million m/s in a
vacuum)
6d) Do you see
lightening first or
hear it first?
Why?
Lightening is
always seen first
because:
light travels
much faster than
sound
Aim: What types of waves make up the
electromagnetic spectrum? (continued...)
Do Now: Prepare for quiz
Homework:
Study for tomorrow’s quiz
& this Friday’s Exam on
Waves.
frequency,
energy
&
wavelength?
Electromagnetism – Quiz #1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which wave has the greatest frequency?
Which wave has the greatest energy?
Which wave has the longest wavelength?
Visible light can act as a wave or a tiny
bundle of light energy called a _________.
5. What type of wave can be felt as heat?
frequency,
energy
&
wavelength?
Electromagnetic Waves – Quiz #2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Which wave has the lowest frequency?
Which wave has the lowest energy?
Which wave has the shortest wavelength?
What type of wave can be felt as heat?
Visible light can act as a wave or a tiny
bundle of light energy called a _________.
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Infrared Visible
Waves
Light
UltraViolet
XRays
Can kill
cells
Cause sunburns
or tanning
Cause skin
to make
Vitamin D
Gamma
Rays
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Infrared Visible UltraWaves
Light Violet
X-Rays
Used to
make an
image of
bones
Can cause
cell defects
(mutations)
/cancer
Gamma
Rays
What does the dentist do to you before
he/she takes an X-Ray of your teeth?
Why?
6. What are characteristics of each
type of wave?
Radio Infrared Visible Ultra- XWaves
Light Violet Rays
Gamma
Rays
Certain
radioactive
materials &
nuclear reactions
create these
Can be used in
medicine
7. What do U/V
rays, X-rays, &
gamma waves
have in common?
a) They have such
high energies &
great penetrating
abilities
b) Can cause cell
mutations,
cancer, & lead to
death
Summary
Aim: Review: What do you know about waves?
Do Now: Prepare for quiz.
Homework: Bring in a pencil & calculator &
Study for tomorrow’s Exam on
Waves!!!
Electromagnetic Waves 2 – Quiz #1
1. What type of wave is used to see bones?
2. What type of wave is used by humans to make
Vitamin D?
3. Compared to X-Rays, which wave has a higher
frequency?
4. What type of wave can give you a tan or
sunburn?
5. What type of wave is given off from some
radioactive materials?
Electromagnetic 2 – Quiz #2
1. What type of wave is used by humans to make
Vitamin D?
2. Compared to X-Rays, which wave has a higher
frequency?
3. What type of wave can give you a tan or
sunburn?
4. What type of wave is given off from nuclear
reactions?
5. What type of wave is used to see bones?
Aim: Exam – What do you know about
Waves?
Do Now: 1. Take out pencil & calculator.
2. Put up your binder.
3. Uncover your textbook &
keep it out on your desk.
Homework: Big 8 Review Book pgs
ROY G BIV
Radio
Waves
Least
________
&
________
Infrared Visible Ultra(White) Violet
Light
XRays
____________________________
Longest ____________________________
_________
Gamma
Rays
Highest
_________
&
_________
Shortest
_________