A Survey of
Home Energy Management Systems
in Future Smart Grid Communications
By
Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
Summary
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Home energy management and monetary cost
minimization
• HEM system architecture in smart grid
• Challenges for smart grid
• Conclusion
Abstract
• A systematic review of home energy
management schemes in smart grid.
• Home energy management improves the
electricity consumption efficiency at home.
• Beneficial both for consumers and utilities.
• Different pricing schemes combined with
distribution generation are part of home energy
management.
• HEM system architecture and challenges for
smart grid to implement it.
Introduction
• A system with all or some of the following four
capabilities i.e. power generation, transmission,
distribution and control is called as electricity grid
or power grid.
• Smart grid is nothing but the integration of
information and communication technologies
(ICT) in traditional grid.
• Result is more automation, safe operation of
appliances, safety of grid infrastructure, reliable
provision of electricity.
Introduction
• With the increasing demand of electricity, the
traditional grid has shown signs of inefficiency.
• Hence idea of smart grid evolved.
• Smart grid has applications in consumption,
distribution, transmission, and generation of
electrical energy.
• Home energy management (consumption
application).
• Power quality monitoring strategy has been
enabled by using sensor networks in smart grid
(transmission & distribution application).
Introduction
• Distributed power generation option is always there in
Smart grid technology, where in-home electricity can
be generated (generation efficiency).
• A consumer can use the generated power
(photovoltaic, wind) locally and sell the extra power
back to utility.
• The load demand in traditional grid (flat pricing rates)
is comparatively high during peak periods when
compared to off-peak.
• With a normal demand the utilities are able to provide
power from base plants (Hydro).
Introduction
• A HEM system in smart grid enables Demand Response
(DR) and Demand Side Management (DSM) programs.
• Base plants contributes less towards emission of
greenhouse gases.
• With high peak demands utilities switch on peaker
plants (coal and oil fired).
• Efficient consumption of electricity proves beneficial to
us both socially and economically.
• The originally inelastic load demand curve needs to be
altered to reduce peak load demand, energy cost and
emission of GHGs.
introduction
• Demand response (DR) and demand side
management (DSM) programs are employed for
the purpose of energy management.
• Different optimization methods, protocols and
standards have been proposed for efficient
coordination of domestic appliances and DER to
reduce peak load and energy usage charges.
• A continuous work in this regard is underway
across the glob, at academic, industrial and at
government level.
Home Energy Management and
Monetary Cost Minimization
• The process of observing, controlling and
conserving electricity usage in an organization/
building is termed as home energy management.
• 40% of the global power consumption is reported
to be inside buildings.
• Local power generation and different pricing
schemes in smart grid enhances the performance
of a home energy management system.
Home Energy Management and
Monetary Cost Minimization
• Figure below shows the savings of a consumer
with local power generation (with feed-in) as
compared to without feed-in case.
Home Energy Management and
Monetary Cost Minimization
• Real time pricing, time of use pricing, day
ahead pricing, critical peak pricing and
inclining block rates are different pricing
schemes employed in smart grid.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management
(OREM)
• Linear programming model to minimize electricity bill.
• Time of Use pricing.
• The proposed objective function makes sure to reduce
the home energy expenses by scheduling the home
appliances in appropriate time slots.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• This kind of scheduling brings delay in the
operation of appliance cycle.
• Max delay is bounded to two operation cycles
of appliance.
• Mathematically
Dmax ≤ 2Di
Home Energy Management Schemes
• iHEM
• This scheme uses appliances with communication
capability, a WSHAN, and a central EMU.
• Accommodates consumer demands at times when
electricity usage is less expensive according to the local
ToU tariff.
• Consumer turns on an appliance, the appliance
generates a START-REQ packet and sends it to EMU.
• EMU communicates with storage unit and smart meter.
• Home appliances are controlled by EMU.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Message floe in iHEM
• Without energy management 30% of load
operates in Peak hours
• Reduced from 30% to 5% with iHEM.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• ACORD
• ACORD scheme has been proposed to benefit from ToU
pricing and decrease energy cost.
• Shift the consumer load to off-peak periods.
• In-home WSNs are used for delivery of consumer
requests to EMU.
• Consumers participation in the energy management
program enhances the efficiency of the scheme.
• considers only the scheduling of home appliances.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Optimal and Automatic Residential Energy
Consumption Scheduler.
• Based on simple linear programming LP
computations.
• The scheme is proposed for real time pricing.
• The combination of price predictor and energy
consumption scheduling (ECS) device.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Optimization problem
Home Energy Management Schemes
• The simulation results show the reduction in
daily cost by solving the optimization problem
by LP techniques.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• ACORD-FI
• Both the home appliances and distributed energy
resources are scheduled.
• Purpose is reducing the energy bill and GHG.
• ACORD-FI schedules consumer requests
considering peak hours, local energy generated
and other conflicting requests.
• Uses WSNs for communication between EMU,
appliances and smart meters.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Optimum Load Management (OLM) Strategy
• An optimization based residential load
management strategy.
• The optimization problem needs several
interests forecasting and activity scheduling by
users to form an objective function.
• Various interests are local power production
i.e. from solar, wind etc, load, and electricity
prices for next day.
Home Energy Management Schemes
• Maximizing the objective function.
• OLM can reduce energy bill by 8-22%
• Decision support Tool (DsT)
• Primary aim to help users in making intelligent
decisions during their appliances operation.