Quiz review for Weathering
&
Sedimentary Rocks
• Where does sedimentary
rock almost always form?
•UNDER WATER
• For any rock to become
sedimentary rock, what
process must happen to it
first?
•It must be weathered
into small pieces or
a chemical solution
•What are clasts?
•Small bits and
pieces of weathered
rock
• What is Clastic
sedimentary rock?
•Rock made of bits
and pieces of other
rocks
• A Clastic sedimentary
rock composed mostly of
sand is called ________.
•Sandstone
•What is
weathering?
•The natural
breakdown of rock
•What are the 3
types of
weathering?
•Mechanical
•Biological
•Chemical
•How do we know
mechanical
weathering?
•Movement that is not
caused by plants or
animals
• How does “abrasion?”
wear away rock?
•Water or wind rubs
particles of sediment
against the rocks to
wear them down
Does air or water
abrasion do more
weathering?
• .
•WATER
What is
exfoliation?
• .
•Rock peeling off in
layers
•What causes
exfoliation?
•Daily temperature
changes
How does frost
wedging work?
• .
• Water freezes in
cracks, expands, and
forces the crack to
enlarge
• How do landslides
cause rock to weather?
• Falling rocks break
when they hit the
bottom
• What is “unloading,”
and how does it affect
rock?
• When the overlying
rock weathers away it’s
weight is unloaded
from the lower rock
allowing it to expand
and crack.
•What is “Chemical
Weathering?”
• Rock breaking down
due to exposure to
chemicals
• How does acid rain
affect chemical
weathering?
•It dissolves
certain types of
rocks
•What is a
“sinkhole?”
• The top of a cave that
has collapsed to the
surface
•What types of rock
tends to support
sinkholes?
Carbonates, which are:
Limestone
Marble
calcite
• What is a famous and
beautiful example of
chemical weathering?
•Luray Caverns
•Mammoth Cave
What can oxygen
bring about in the
rock?
• .
•Rusting, which
expands and
weakens the rock
•What is “Biological
Weathering?”
Rock breakdown
that is caused by
plants or animals
•How do lichens start
the weathering
process in rocks?
•They produce an
acid that etches the
rock and makes it
ready for mosses to
grow there
• How does moss affect
the weathering
process?
• It holds rainwater that
may be acidic, & builds
up soil for plants with
strong roots
•What is “Root
Wedging?”
• When plant roots grow
into a crack in the rock
and grow, causing the
crack to enlarge
•What is “tallus”?
• A slow motion
avalanch of small
rocks down the side of
a mountain. They
slowly grind each other
to bits
• What rock is the first
rock in the “Rock
Cycle?”
•Igneous Rocks
were the first
rocks on Earth
• Why is one characteristic
not enough to identify a
mineral or rock?
• Because many
minerals share many of
the same
characteristics
• What is the main thing
that tells you when
weathering is
chemical?
•Chemical reactions
weaken or dissolve
the rock
• A Clastic sedimentary
rock composed mostly of
clay is called ________.
• Claystone or shale
A Clastic sedimentary rock
composed mostly of silt is
called ________.
•Shale
• A Clastic sedimentary
rock composed mostly of
sand and rounded
pebbles is called
________.
•Conglomerate
• A Clastic sedimentary
rock composed mostly of
sand and small broken
rocks is called ________.
•BRECCIA
• What makes a
sedimentary rock
Organic?
•Some part of it was
once alive
• An organic sedimentary
rock composed mostly of
tiny shells is called
________.
•Coquina
• An organic sedimentary
rock that is made from
disolved shells an
deposited chemically by
precipitation is called
________.
•Limestone
• Rock that was precipitated
by evaporating water and
was never alive is called
_________ sedimentary
rock.
•Chemical
• What are 2 examples of
chemical sedimentary
rock?
• Rock salt and Gypsum
What is peat made of?
•Moss
•What is all coal
made of?
•Moss
•Ferns
•Ancient conifers
• The first stage of coal that is
a true rock is called
_____________ or brown
coal
•Lignite
• The second stage of
coal that is a true
sedimentary rock is
called _________ Coal
•Bituminous
• Sometime after a thick layer
of plants formed in the coal
fields, what had to have
happened to cause them to
be covered with sedimentary
rock?
• The area flooded
• Why must sedimentary
rock always cover
coal?
• It provides the
pressure that causes
the non-carbon
molecules to be driven
out of the plants
• Bituminous coal that
becomes metamorphic
is called
______________
• Anthricite coal or hard
coal
• This is NOT sedimentary,
it is metamorphic
weathering Mechanical Chemical
Ice wedging
rockslide
Root wedging
Acid rain
Water abrasion
Wind abrasion
Unloading
Lichens
Exfoliation
Rusting
Biological
weathering Mechanical Chemical
Ice wedging
X
rockslide
X
Root wedging
X
Acid rain
Water abrasion
Wind abrasion
Unloading
Lichens
Exfoliation
Rusting
Biological
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
• SOME STUDY IS
HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED BY
THE MANAGEMENT
The End?
A Coyle Production