CH 3 Part 2 Notes
Andros Promotes the First American Revolution
After the restoration of Charles the II 1660 -1685 …to the throne… Charles II was
determined to take an active, aggressive hand in the management of the
Colonies…this was in conflict with the previous BENIGN/SALUTARY NEGLECT
(hands off) policy that had existed for decades… and that allowed the colonies to
create their own institutions and practices without interference from Britain.
How will the colonies react this new policy? The answer foreshadows what will
come after 1763 when the British decide again to put their HANDS ON the
colonies…we already know what happens don’t we.
******Navigation Laws: a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for
trade between Britain and its colonies. THE FIRST ACT IS PASSED IN 1651- The
Restoration Acts of 1662, 63, 70, and 73 continued to make minor adjustments…
THEY INCLUDED:
1-ENGLISH TRADE SHOULD BE CARRIED IN ENGLISH VESSELS…
2- THEIR CREWS HAD TO BE ¾ ENGLISH…
3- ENUMERATED GOODS NOT MADE IN ENGLAND BUT PRODUCED ONLY IN THE
COLONIES COULD ONLY BE SENT TO ENGLAND (such as Tobacco, Cotton, and
Sugar, among others)
4- ALL EUROPEAN GOODS BOUND FOR AMERICA HAD TO LAND IN ENGLAND
FIRST AND TAXED BEFORE GOING TO AMERICA.
These laws reflect the economic theory of MERCANTILISM that guide
IMPERIALISM.
JAMES Ist continues the control of the colonies…
THE DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND, 1686*** this early attempt at unification of
some of the colonies is IMPOSED by the crown… including all of the New England
Colonies, it later included New York & East and West Jersey (weird to see New
Jersey split like this eh?) The 2nd example of Unification, the 1st the New England
Confederation in 1643*******
PURPOSE: defense against Indians – to promote efficiency in the administration of
NAVIGATION LAWS (mercantilism) an attempt to restrict colonial trade with places
not ruled by England…..colonial reaction – smuggling 
LEADER: Sir Edmund Andros, militaristic, oppressive, and hostile towards the
colonists.
Headquartered in Boston…his ties to the Church of England caused conflict in this
Puritanically controlled area…Soldiers brought to colonies were rude..
ANDROS’S ACTIONS: limited Town Meetings, restricted the Courts, Press, and
Schools, revoked all land titles, dismissed the popularly elected legislature, passed
new taxes without the peoples consent, enforced the hated nav. laws harshly to
suppress smuggling….Colonists were angry…so were the British public…that led to
change…
The GLORIOUS REVOLUTION ENDS THE DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND
The GLORIOUS REVOLUTION in England – protestant William and Mary ascend to
the throne 1689 and rule until 1702….The citizens of England depose catholic king
James II and enthrone the protestant King and Queen William and Mary. (Mary was
james II daughter)
Colonial Change: Dominion of NE ends.. Andros escapes Boston in women’s clothes
running away from a mob  However, Massachusetts was made a Royal Colony
revoking its ancient charter, and… THE PRIVILEGE OF VOTING WAS EXTENDED
TO ALL QUALIIFIED MALE PROPERTY HOLDERS…ending the congregational
churches monopoly on the ballot…unrest occurred across the colonies until new
Governors were appointed and they institute another period of SALUTARY
NEGLECT…(LETTING THE COLONISTS DO WHAT THEY WANT, THEIR WAY)
EFFECTS: regardless of the return to neglect…more british officials were now
involved in the colonies and many were incompetent…resentment will continue to
build.
THE MIDDLE COLONIES – OLD NETHERLANDERS AT NEW NETHERLAND
NEW YORK-PENNSYLVANIA- NEW JERSEY- DELAWARE (THE MC)
The Dutch (Holland/Netherlands) rebel against Spanish control late in the 1500’s
with the aid of protestant England. This begins a golden age and they emerge as a
global power in trade and overseas expansion of colonies… Rembrandt paints
during this period…The hire HENRY HUDSON (Hudson r. in NY) to explore for the
nw passage to Asia through the Americas in 1609…He claims the area for the Dutch.
New Netherland (later made NY) was settled in 1623-24…The Dutch West
India Co. was in control…for profit –Fur Trade…purchased Manhattan Island from
the Natives 
(maybe why later… NY is seen as the most similar of the northern colonies to the
southern colonies/ established COE/Aristocratic, etc..)
- New Amsterdam (later NYC) was a COMPANY TOWN…run for the DWICo.
- no: religious freedom, free speech, or democratic practices – despotic rule.
- assembly created later, aristocratic due to large land grants called PATROONSHIPS
(similar to plantations) one slightly larger than the entire colony of Rhode Island
- New Amsterdam (later NYC) became very cosmopolitan due to its great sea port…
and 18 different languages were heard by a French priest in the 1640’s (remember
E Pluribus Unum) foreshadowing the coming diversity in the colonies 
For protection from the angry natives upset with the harsh Dutch the citizens of
New Amsterdam build WALL ST. 
Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors
The Dutch settlement, New Netherland, later to be known as New York under the
English, had to deal with conflicts along its boundaries; the English in New England
and the Swedish colony settled in 1638 (New Sweden, later to be known as New
Jersey) along the Delaware River. The Dutch send Peter Stuyvesant (father wooden
leg) and he crushes new Sweden, now under dutch control… Swedish influences are
place names, people, and LOG CABINS.
DUTCH RESIDUES IN NY
The Dutch have to deal with a much more formable foe than the Swedes, the English.
In 1664, RESTORATION PERIOD, Charles II granted the entire area to his
brother the DUKE OF YORK. England sent a bunch of ships and Stuyvesant and the
Dutch surrender without a shot  now the English banner flew from the tip of
Mass (maine not a state until 1820) to Carolina (splits in 1712) GA. NOT
CREATED UNTIL, 1733.
- New York retained many of the Dutch influences…Autocratic, Aristocratic;
monopolistic land policies (like the south) established the Church of England (like
the south) …
- Dutch influences; place names (Haarlem, Hells Gate, Brooklyn), architecture, Easter
eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, Sauerkraut, bowling, sleighing, skating, and Golf.
Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania
Quakers – named due to the impression that they “quaked” when under deep
religious emotion. They refuse to support the established churches with taxes, built
simple meetinghouses, clergy was not paid, Women could speak during in religious
“meetings”, take no oaths of allegiance, OPPOSED SLAVERY, and refused military
service…seemed stubborn and unreasonable focused on their faith completely.
William Penn, became a Quaker at 16. Quakers were persecuted in England and in
the colonies (remember in New England) . PENNSYLVANIA IS FOUNDED BY PENN In 1681, last of the Restoration Colonies along with New York and Carolina, 11th
colony settled (Delaware is split off from Penn. later), the King owing $$ to Penn’s
father grants Penn an immense colony (Proprietary). The King called the area
Penn’s Woodland (Pennsylvania)
Purpose: to provide a haven for the persecuted Quakers, experiment with his
liberal ideas in gov’t, and make a profit…
- Becomes the BEST ADVERTISED of all of the colonies, generally truthful.
Carpenters, masons, and other skilled workmen and their families were attracted by
his liberal (cheap cost) land policies.
Quaker Pennsylvania and its Neighbors
- several thousand “squatters” (no legal right to the land they lived on) already were
living in Penn.
- Philadelphia –GREEK FOR Brotherly Love --(birthplace and home of the honorable
Richard Tinucci) [was the most carefully planned and built city IN THE AMERICAS.
- Penn BOUGHT LAND from the natives (like RI) and his treatment of Natives was so
fair that most settlers were unharmed and even used the natives as babysitters 
some native tribes even migrate to Penn. HOWEVER, CHANGE…
- as more and more non Quakers move to Penn. (esp. the Scotch-Irish) conflict
begins between newcomers and Quakers/Indians.
- No “Established” (tax supported Official) Church , created a popular legislature
elected by landowners, Freedom of Worship was guaranteed to all (Catholics and
Jews could not hold political office)
- No provisions were made for colony wide defense (Quakers were pacifists)
- No restrictions placed on immigration
- Opposed African slavery
- A rich mix of ethnic groups created a unique atmosphere that included economic
opportunity, civil liberty, and religious freedom (very liberal like RI)
- This atmosphere allowed for lusty growth, by 1700 3rd in Pop. Behind Va. and
Mass.
- Penn unfortunately dies in debtors prison but his farsighted legacy looms large in
US History- esp… His legacy of civil and religious liberty and dedication to freedom
of conscience and worship… a hopeful torch…
Other Quaker settlements flourish nearby… New Jersey, taken by the British in
1664, originally East and West Jersey, combined in 1702 by the crown.
Delaware –named after Lord De La Warr…(Jamestown) was closely associated with
Pennsylvania, was made up of only two counties (three at high tide  ) created its
own assembly in 1703 and was not separate until the American Revolution
The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania – had certain features in
common …
- Fertile soil (“Bread Colonies”) - Broad- Slow Rivers allowed for expansion West
and a great Fur Trade with the Natives, Lumbering, Shipbuilding, (great large sea
ports NYC, Philly, and even Albany)
- A mix of both NE and the South in certain ways… Aristocratic NY like the South
Industry – and Religious focus like NE…
- Known as the MOST AMERICAN PART OF AMERICA… distinct in their own ways;
population most ethnically mixed, most religious toleration, most democratic
control, desirable land easier to acquire….
- Ben Franklin…modern minded… often considered THE most representative
American personality of his era… moved here from Boston at 17 …in
1720…and found his home… unique like him 
BY THE END OF THE 17TH CENTURY … the American Colonies were “coming to life”…
Population was growing rapidly (like rattlesnakes stated Dr. Samuel Johnson),
Transportation and Communication were improving (although still not as fast as in
Rome many centuries earlier), The British continue their NEGLECT leaving the
Colonists to fashion their own Governments, Churches, and develop networks of intercolonial and inter-atlantic Trade… Americans began to realize that they were
THRIVING… and in many cases better off than the avg. European at this time 
Note: change over time that you might consider for the essay 