An Introduction to
X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Part 2:
Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
Georgia Tech
Engineering Information Systems Lab
eislab.gatech.edu
Contact: Russell S. Peak
Revision: March 15, 2001
Copyright © 1993-2001 by Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0415 USA. All Rights Reserved.
Developed by eislab.gatech.edu. Permission to use for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted provided this notice is included.
An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Short Course Outline
Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer
– Nomenclature
Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
– Analysis Integration Challenges
– Overview of COB-based XAI
– Ubiquitization Methodology
Part 3: Example Applications
» Airframe Structural Analysis
» Circuit Board Thermomechanical Analysis
» Chip Package Thermal Analysis
– Summary
Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
2
Analysis Integration Objectives
for Simulation-based Design
Analysis Module Catalogs
• Highly automated
• Reusable, modular, extensible
• Product-specific
• Leveraging generic solvers
Design
Product Model
Selected
Analysis Module (CBAM)
MCAD
ECAD
CAE
Ansys
Automated
Idealization/
Defeaturization
Conditions
Environments,
Mfg. CAD/CAM,
Measurements,
etc.
Abaqus
Iterative
Improvements
Analysis Results
Improved
Design / Process
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
CBAM= context-based analysis model
3
X-Analysis Integration
(X=Design, Mfg., etc.)
Goal:
Improve product engineering processes by integrating
analysis models with other life cycle models
Challenges:
– Heterogeneous Transformations
– Diversity: Information, Behaviors, Disciplines, Fidelity, Feature
Levels, CAD/CAE Tools, etc.
– Multidirectional Associativity:
DesignAnalysis, Analysis Analysis
One Approach:
The Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)
Initial Focus:
Automation of ubiquitous analysis for design
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
4
Analysis Integration Challenges:
Heterogeneous Transformations
Homogeneous
Transformation
Design
Model A
Design
Model B
STEP
AP210
Mentor Graphics
Cadence
Heterogeneous Transformation
Design
Model A
STEP
AP210
??
Mentor Graphics
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Analysis
Model A
STEP
AP209
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
Ansys
5
Analysis Integration Challenges:
Information Diversity
“Manufacturable”
Description
STEP
AP210
Environmental
Conditions
“Analyzable”
Description
STEP
AP220
lamination
temperature =
200oC
Specification
Semantics
“PWB should
have low bow & twist”
“Warpage < 7.5% when
board is cooled from
lamination to 25oC”
B
Idealizations
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
6
Diverse Analysis Disciplines
Electromagnetic
Thermomechanical
Electrical
R101
CR101
U101
C118
T102
C112
T101
CR152
CR151
CR154
R163
C203
De
C106
C146
C147
N
L101
Vibration
R233 R232 R231 R230
Q104
U107
Q105
U108
U104
U109
U105
U110
U106
R112
R114 R115
R111 R113
R106 R108
R107
R109 R110
Fatigue
U103
CR102
C102
CR133
J101
C153
C103
C111
Thermal
U102
R102
C123 Q103 Q102 Q101
y
x
© 1993-2001 GTRC
C120
C104
PWB 96510
PWA 95145
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
7
Multi-fidelity Models
Example: Supporting age in a people information model
How old are you?
In years:
Model content depends on:
a) questions to answer
b) accuracy needed
– fidelity 1: age = current year - year of birth ...
– fidelity 2: also consider: is today before/after birthday?
In days:
– fidelity 3: do not consider leap years
– fidelity 4: consider leap years
In hours:
– fidelity 5: consider time zone
– fidelity 6: consider planetary orbit adjusments
In seconds:
– fidelity 6: is sufficiently accurate data available?
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
8
Geometric Idealization: Dimensional Reduction
Beam Example: 1D, 2D, 3D
1D Line
(Curve)
Same Object ...
Multiple/Different Forms
of Geometry Capture
2D Surface
(Shell)
3D Solid
(Volume)
Adapted from [Gordon, 2001]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
9
Geometric Idealization: Dimensional Reduction
Beam Example: 1D, 2D, 3D (Exploded View)
1D Line
(Curve)
3D Solid
(Volume)
2D Surface
(Shell)
Adapted from [Gordon, 2001]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
10
Geometric Idealization: Dimensional Reduction
Computer-Aided Mid-Surfacing (Solids-to-Shells)
Design - Solids (3D)
Mid-Surfaces (2D)
Trimmed and
Adjusted
Mid-Surfaces
Issue: Matching seams
in multi-part assemblies
(capturing problem-dependent
idealization decisions)
Adapted from
[Gordon, 2001]
Category II
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
11
Multi-Fidelity Idealizations
Behavior-dependent Idealized Geometries; Same Dimension
Thermal Resistance Idealized Geometry (3D)
FEA Model
Common Design Model
Thermal Stress
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Idealized Geometry (3D)
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
FEA Model
12
Multi-Fidelity Idealizations
Same Behavior; Idealized Geometries of Varying Dimension
Design Model (MCAD)
Analysis Models (MCAE)
Behavior = Deformation
1D Beam/Stick Model
flap support assembly
inboard beam
3D Continuum/Brick Model
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
13
Reusable Multi-Fidelity
Geometric Idealizations: Bounding Shapes
Analysis Models
Solder
Joint
Deformation
Multiple Uses
Design Model
2-D bounding box
PWA
Cooling
Multi-Fidelity
Idealizations
Solder
Joint
Deformation
Multiple Uses
3-D bounding box
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
PWA
Cooling
14
Dimensions of Idealization Fidelity
Idealization Dimensions
Examples (Multiple Fidelities)
Analytical bodies*
basic extensional rod (1D): xx f (x )
solid continuum (3D): xx f ( x, y , z )
Material models
linear elastic
bilinear plastic
Geometric simplifications
total thickness; effective length
bounding box
Boundary conditions
uniform temperature, T; T f ( x, y, z , t ) T Tavg on top surface (heuristics)
*An analytical body = a combination of particular assumptions regarding kinematics (field dimensions),
types of loads, and material models.
Also: results idealization
– How to “summarize” detailed analysis results back to product level value
» Ex. Getting max. (or avg.) temperature on a surface to compute
thermal resistance
– Effectively a “results BC”
See [Gordon, 2001] regarding categories of analysis
wrt geometric idealizations and directionality
–
© 1993-2001 GTRC
S. Gordon (Jan. 16-18, 2001) An Analyst’s View: STEP-Enabled CAD-CAE Integration.
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
15
CAE-Centric Process
CAD-Centric Process
Categories of Geometric Idealization for
CAD-CAE Integration
Category I - The CAD Geometry and the Simulation-Specific Geometry are
the same (identical). This is the truly “seamless” case; there is no change
in detail, no de-featuring, and no geometry gender changing required.
Analysts and designers use the same (or duplicate copies of the same)
geometry.
Category II - Existing (available) CAD geometry has the wrong content; it is
too detailed and/or of the wrong type to support the scale, scope, and
purpose of the required or most appropriate type of analysis. Changes are
required to add features or remove unnecessary detail from, and/or modify
the gender of, the CAD geometry to create Simulation-Specific Geometry
amenable to analysis. Automated and semi-automated procedures are
required.
Category III - Engineering analyses are performed first to define and refine
a design concept using idealized geometry prior to establishment of the
enterprise (CAD) product model. Simulation-Specific Geometry employed
for analysis models will require modification and the addition of details
and features to support drawings and manufacturing. Automated and semiautomated procedures are desirable.
Adapted from [Gordon, 2001]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
16
Recent Articles Showing
Enlightened Views
“Three-Dimensional CAD Design and Analyzing with Shell Elements
- A Soluble Contradiction?”, by M. W. Zehn, H. M. Baumgarten, & P.
Wehner, NAFEMS 7th Int’l. Conf., Newport, RI, April 1999
“Don’t Change the Model Till the Simulation Finishes”, by Paul
Kurowski, Machine Design, August 19, 1999
“Rookie Mistakes - Over Reliance on CAD Geometry”, by Vince
Adams, NAFEMS Benchmark, October 1999
“Common Misconceptions About FEA”, by Vince Adams, ANSYS
Solutions, Fall 2000
“Eight Tips for Improving Integration Between CAD and CFD”, by
Scott Gilmore, Desktop Engineering, May 2000
Adapted from [Gordon, 2001]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
17
Vendor Status for CAD-CAE Integration
Geometric Idealization
COTS Vendor Report Card
Category I
A
Mature, MCAD for solids good
Category II
B-,C+ Improving, recent mid-surfacing attention
Category III
D,F
Very little for CAE-centric ‘leading design’, need
shell ‘thickening’ tools, or ‘solids-on-demand’
Overall:
Still too CAD-Centric
Continued role for traditional FEA pre- and post-processors
AP209 is ready to support / enable more CAD-CAE integration
AP209 is more appropriate for CAE than AP203
Need more vendor support for AP209
Adapted from [Gordon, 2001]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
18
Analysis at Diverse Levels of
Product Structure
Design Model (MCAD)
Analysis Models (MCAE)
Part Feature Level Model
Assembly Level Model
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
19
Design Geometry - Analysis Geometry
Mismatch
Detailed Design Model
G1 : b = cavity3.inner_width + rib8.thickness/2
+ rib9.thickness/2
...
Analysis Model
(with Idealized Features)
G
K3 f (r1,b, h)
fse
Idealizations
P
2pr0te
fbe
C1
P
2
hte
Channel Fitting Analysis
“It is no secret that CAD models are driving more of today’s product development
processes ... With the growing number of design tools on the market, however, the
interoperability gap with downstream applications, such as finite element analysis,
is a very real problem. As a result, CAD models are being recreated at
unprecedented levels.”
Ansys/ITI press Release, July 6 1999
http://www.ansys.com/webdocs/VisitAnsys/CorpInfo/PR/pr-060799.html
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
20
Missing Today:
Explicit Design-Analysis Associativity
CAD Model
bulkhead assembly attach point
detailed
design
geometry
CAE Model
channel fitting analysis
material
properties
idealized
analysis
geometry
analysis
results
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
21
Multi-directional Relations
“The Big Switch”
Sizing/synthesis during early design stages
– Input: Desired results - Ex. fatigue life, margin of safety
– Output: Idealized design parameters
– Outputs then used as targets to guide detailed design
width=20
d1=6.66
G=30.00
Ac=3.33
I
A
thick=0.25
P=100
Analysis/req. checking during later design stages
–
–
–
–
Input: Detailed design parameters
Intermediate results: Idealized design parameters
Output: Analysis results - Ex. fatigue life, margin of safety
Outputs then compared with requirements
width=20
thick=0.25
I
d1=7.5
© 1993-2001 GTRC
G=32.00
Ac=3.125
A
P=100
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
22
Inter-Analysis Associativity
Flap Assembly FEA Model
Flap Support Assembly
FEA Model
boundary
conditions
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
Inboard Beam
Bulkhead Channel Fitting
Static Strength Model
boundary
conditions
23
An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Short Course Outline
Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer
– Nomenclature
Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
– Analysis Integration Challenges
– Overview of COB-based XAI
– Ubiquitization Methodology
Part 3: Example Applications
» Airframe Structural Analysis
» Circuit Board Thermomechanical Analysis
» Chip Package Thermal Analysis
– Summary
Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
24
X-Analysis Integration Techniques
a. Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)
3
Analyzable
Product Model
Design Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
2 Analysis Building Block
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
Solder
Joint
material
body 1
body4
Solder Joint
Solder Joint Plane Strain Model
4 CBAM
C
L
h1
base: Alumina
Epoxy
ABBSMM
PWB
body3
APM ABB
core: FR4
Plane Strain Bodies System
2 ABB
G total height, h c
Component
Solder
Joint
T0
Component
G linear-elastic model
G primary structural
SMM
APM ABB
Analysis Model
PWA Component Occurrence
3 APM
APM
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
Component
b. Explicit Design-Analysis Associativity
body 1
body 4
body
body 2
body 2
PWB
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
4 CBAM
Analysis Module Catalogs
Analysis Procedures
3 APM
Dsj
solder joint
shear strain
range
Lc
total height
hc
primary structural material
T0
linear-elastic model
length 2 +
total thickness
Product
Model
1.25
[1.1]
Physical Behavior Research,
Know-How, Design Handbooks, ...
Commercial
Design Tools
pwb
(Module Usage)
Selected Module
Solder Joint Deformation Model
Commercial
Analysis Tools
primary structural material
solder
hs
linear-elastic model
rectangle
solder joint
ECAD
Idealization/
Defeaturization
Component
Solder Joint
[1.1]
detailed shape
[1.2]
linear-elastic model
[2.1]
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Ts
average
bilinear-elastoplastic model
Ansys
CAE
a
L1
h1
stress-strain
model 1
T1
L2
h2
stress-strain
model 2
T2
geometry model 3
stress-strain
model 3
T3
xy, extreme, 3
T sj
xy, extreme, sj
Constrained Object-based Analysis Module
PWB
APM CBAM ABB SMM
Tc
Ls
[1.2]
[2.2]
MCAD
Plane Strain
Bodies System
(Module Creation)
component
1 SMM
deformation model
Fine-Grained Associativity
approximate maximum
inter-solder joint distance
component
occurrence
c
ABB SMM
2 ABB
Ubiquitization
Ubiquitous Analysis
3
plane strain bodyi , i = 1...4
geometryi
materiali (E, , )
Informal Associativity Diagram
Solution Tools
c. Analysis Module Creation Methodology
To
Constraint Schematic View
Abaqus
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
25
Components of the MRA
Analysis Integration Technique
Conceptual architecture: MRA
Methodology
General purpose MRA toolkit: XaiTools
– Toolkit architecture
– Users guide
– Tutorials (work-in-process)
Product/company-specific applications
– PWA/Bs (ProAM)
– Aerospace structural analysis (Boeing PSI)
– Chip packaging/mounting (Shinko)
See http://eislab.gatech.edu/ for references
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
26
Multi-Representation Architecture for
Design-Analysis Integration
3
Analyzable
Product Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
Solution Tools
Composed of four representations (information models)
Provides flexible, modular mapping between design & analysis models
Creates automated, product-specific analysis modules (CBAMs)
Represents design-analysis associativity explicitly
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
27
Ubiquitous Analysis:
Opportunity for Automation
The regular widespread use of an established analysis models.
Typical PWA Design Process
Conceptual
Design
Develop
PWA
Layout 1
Potential Ubiquitous Analyses
Performance
EMI - Trace Spacing Variation
Check
Layout
Acceptable
Layout
2
Reliability
Solder Joint Deformation - Thermomechanical
[Engelmaier, 1989; Lau, et al., 1986; Kitano, et al. 1995]
Solder Joint Fatigue - Component Misalignment
Plated Through-Hole Fatigue [Sizemore & Sitaraman,1995]
Unacceptable
Layout
Modify
Layout
3
Manufacturability
Reflow Soldering - PWA/B Warpage [Stiteler & Ume, 1996]
Bed-of-Nails Test - PWA Deflection [Iannuzzelli, 1990]
Solder Wave - Component Shadowing
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Modified Layout
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
28
Design-Analysis Integration
Methodology
Analysis Module Catalogs
Analysis Procedures
Ubiquitization
(Module Creation)
Physical Behavior Research,
Know-How, Design Handbooks, ...
Ubiquitous Analysis
Commercial
Design Tools
Product
Model
(Module Usage)
Selected Module
Solder Joint Deformation Model
MCAD
ECAD
Idealization/
Defeaturization
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Ansys
Component
Solder Joint
CAE
PWB
APM CBAM ABB SMM
Commercial
Analysis Tools
Abaqus
Provides technique to bridge CAD-CAE gap
Uses AI & info. technology: objects, constraint graphs, STEP, etc.
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
29
XaiTools FrameWork
TM
G
e t D T
ee
e ee et
X-Analysis Integration Toolkit
E
G
E
2(1 )
Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)
Reference Implementation
3
Analyzable
Product Model
Template Libraries: Analysis Packages*,
CBAMs, ABBs, APMs, Conditions*
Instances: Usage/adaptation of templates
MCAD: CATIA
I-DEAS*, Pro/E*, UG *, AutoCAD*, ...
ECAD: Mentor Graphics (STEP AP210)
PWB Layup ADT, ChipPackage ADT
Accel (PDIF, GenCAM)*, ...
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
COB Schemas
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
CBAM
ABB
T0
Component
body 1
body4
Solder Joint
COB Mgt. Tools
Navigators
Editors (text & graphical*)
COB/Object Manager
Idealization
Tools*
ABBSMM
SA, MCAD, ...
body3
body 2
PWB
*
CAD Tools
SMM
APM ABB
Solder
Joint
Simulation Mgt. Tools
Pullable Views*,
Condition Mgr*, ...
Object
Repositories
ODBMS*, PDM*
objects, x.xml*
x.cos, x.exp
1 Solution Method Model
Component
CAD/E Integration Framework
Design Tools
COB Instances
shear stress,
shear strain,
r5
shear modulus, G
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio,
Synthesis
Tools*
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
r1
cte,
temperature change,DT
objects, x.xml*
x.coi, x.step
r4
thermal strain, et
elastic strain, ee
r3
stress,
strain, e
r2
ICAD, ...
Design Tools
Solution Tools
Libraries
Material
Properties Mgr.
*
Tool Forms
(parameterized
tool models/full* SMMs)
MATDB*,Mvision*, ...
Analysis Modules & Building Blocks
Constraint Schematics
shear stress,
poissons ratio,
r1
cte,
e t DT r4
deformation
model
temperature
change,
DT
thermal strain, et
Thermal
Bending System
pwb
total diagonal
al1
total thickness
al2
elastic strain, ee
strain, e
r3
ee
stress,L
e ee et
E
b
DT
T
3 APM
warpage
Dsj
solder joint
shear strain
range
2
1
Treference
r2
t
coefficient of thermal bending al3
deformation model
Plane Strain
Bodies System
T0
Lc
hc
total height
primary structural material
linear-elastic model
1.25
[1.1]
length 2 +
total thickness
pwb
primary structural material
solder
Tc
Ls
[1.2]
hs
linear-elastic model
rectangle
solder joint
Mathematica
FEA: Ansys, Elfini*, Abaqus*, ...
Math: Mathematica, MathCAD*, Matlab*, ...
Optimizers: ConMin, iSIGHT*, ModelCenter*, ...
In-House Codes
asterisk (*) =
In-progress/envisioned extensions
Airframe structural analysis
PWA-B thermomechanical analysis & design
XaiTools PWA-B
mv1
component
Solver
2 ABB
approximate maximum
inter-solder joint distance
component
occurrence
c
(product-specific)
Constraint
Product-Specific Applications
shear modulus, G
E
G
2(1 )
Analysis Module Tools
Implementations
G
youngs modulus, E
*
FASTDB*, ...
shear strain,
r5
Std. Parts
Manager
Solution
Tools
API / Wrapper
CORBA,
SOAP*, Jini*
[1.1]
detailed shape
[1.2]
linear-elastic model
[2.1]
Ts
average
bilinear-elastoplastic model
[2.2]
T sj
a
™
L1
h1
stress-strain
model 1
T1
L2
h2
stress-strain
model 2
T2
geometry model 3
stress-strain
model 3
T3
xy, extreme, 3
xy, extreme, sj
Electronic package thermal & stress analysis
XaiTools ChipPackage
™
Leveraging commercial CAD & CAE tools
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
30
COB-Enhanced XAI Interoperability Framework
Company/Product-Independent View
XaiTools with Envisioned Extensions
Design Tools
Template Libraries: Analysis Packages*,
CBAMs, ABBs, APMs, Conditions*
Instances: Usage/adaptation of templates
MCAD: CATIA
I-DEAS*, Pro/E*, UG *, AutoCAD*, ...
ECAD: Mentor Graphics (STEP AP210)
PWB Layup ADT, ChipPackage ADT
Accel (PDIF, GenCAM)*, ...
COB Schemas
objects, x.xml*
x.cos, x.exp
CAD Tools
*
Object
Repositories
DBMS*, PDM*:
Enovia, Metaphase ...
COB Mgt. Tools
Navigators
Editors (text & graphical*)
COB/Object Manager
Idealization
Tools*
SA, MCAD, ...
Simulation Mgt. Tools
Pullable Views*,
Condition Mgr*, ...
COB Instances
shear stress,
shear strain,
r5
G
shear modulus, G
youngs modulus, E
Synthesis
Tools*
temperature change,DT
objects, x.xml*
x.coi, x.step
Tool Forms
(parameterized
tool models/full* SMMs)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
*
e t DT r4
thermal strain, et
elastic strain, ee
J2EE App. Server
Accelis … + XaiTools
*
MATDB*,Mvision*, ...
FASTDB*, ...
r1
strain, e
r3
Libraries
Std. Parts
Manager
E
2(1 )
cte,
ICAD, ...
Material
Properties Mgr.
G
poissons ratio,
Solution
Tools
API / Wrapper
CORBA,
SOAP*, Jini*
ee
E
e ee et
r2
Analysis Module Tools
(product-specific)
Constraint
Solver
Mathematica
FEA: Ansys, Elfini*, Abaqus*, ...
Math: Mathematica, MathCAD*, Matlab*, ...
Optimizers: ConMin, iSIGHT*, ModelCenter*, ...
In-House Codes
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
stress,
asterisk (*) =
In-progress/envisioned extensions
31
Using Internet/Intranet-based Analysis Solvers
Thick Client Architecture
Users
Engineering Service Bureau
Client PCs
Host Machines
Internet/Intranet
© 1993-2001 GTRC
EIS Lab
CORBA Daemon
Iona orbixdj
- Regular internal use
U-Engineer.com
CORBA Servers
XaiToolsAnsys
Ansys
XaiTools
XaiTools
Math.
XaiTools
SolverAnsys
Server
Solver
Server
Solver
Server
Solver Server
FEA Solvers
Ansys
Math Solvers
- Demo usage:
- US
- Japan
Nov.’00-Present:
Electronics Co.
- Began production usage
(dept. Intranet)
Future:
...
XaiTools
CORBA
IIOP
Internet
Thick Client
June’99-Present:
Mathematica
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
Company Intranet
and/or
U-Engineer.com
(commercial)
- Other solvers
32
XaiTools CORBA Servers
Installation at GIT EIS Lab as of March, 2000
Host Machines
golden.marc.gatech.edu
Sun UltraSPARC 1
Client PCs
XaiTools
Regular Users
CORBA
IIOP
Internet
Thick Client
• EIS Lab
• Phoenix AZ
• Huntsville AL
• Japan
• etc.
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Internet/Intranet
Pilot Users
hoogly.marc.gatech.edu
Sun UltraSPARC 10
CORBA Daemon
Iona orbixdj
CORBA Daemon
Iona orbixdj
CORBA Servers
CORBA Servers
XaiTools Math.
Solver Server
XaiTools Ansys
XaiTools Ansys
Solver Server
Solver Server
FEA Solvers
Ansys
Math Solvers
Math Solvers
Mathematica
Mathematica
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
33
Lo
“XAI Panorama”
Flexible High Diversity Design-Analysis Integration
Tutorial Examples: Flap Link (Mechanical/Structural Analysis)
Design Tools
y
mv6
E
reference temperature, To
smv1
r4
force, F
e
DL
L
MCAD Tools
CATIA, I-DEAS*
Pro/E* , UG *, ...
DL
mv4
F
E, A,
DT, e, x
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
mv5
sr1
temperature, T
Template Libraries
(ABBs, CBAMs, …)
L
Lo
F
material model
youngs modulus, E
cte,
ee
DT
et
e
mv2
elastic strain, ee
mv3
thermal strain, et
mv1
strain,e
stress,
area, A
temperature change,DT
deformation model
Torsional Rod
linkage
effective length, Leff
start, x1
r1
mode: shaft torsion
polar moment of inertia, J
outer radius, ro
material
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
Lo
total elongation,DL
cross section:
effective ring
end, x2
condition
al1
r3
r2
undeformed length, Lo
al2a
length,
al2bL
shear modulus, G
1
2
J
r
G
al3
T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
Analysis Modules
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Flap Link
XaiTools
Extensional Model
y
Extension
Analyzable
Product Model
(APM)
1D
L
Leff
P
DL
P
e,
E, A
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
x
Flap Link
Plane Strain Model
XaiTools
2D,
3D*
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
L
B
ts2
ts1
s
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
rib2
ds1
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
ds2
B
1D
Leff
y
Lo
Torsion
T
G, r, , ,J
Flap Link
Torsional Model
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
T
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
x
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
...
34
Multi-Representation Architecture for
Design-Analysis Integration
3
Analyzable
Product Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Solution Tools
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
35
Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)
Object representation of product-independent
analytical engineering concepts
Analysis Primitives
Analysis Systems
- Primitive building blocks
Material Models
e
LinearElastic
Continua
De
e
Bilinear
Plastic
N
Low Cycle
Fatigue
Discrete Elements
q(x)
Distributed Load
Plate
Interconnections
body 2
body 1
Rigid
Support
x
Beam
Cantilever Beam System
No-Slip
Analysis Variables
q(x)
Temperature,T
General
- User-defined systems
Stress,
Damper
Distributed Load
© 1993-2001 GTRC
- Predefined templates
y
Plane Strain Body
Rigid
Support
Spring
Specialized
Beam
Geometry
Mass
- Containers of ABB "assemblies"
Strain, e
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
36
COB-based Libraries of
Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)
Continuum ABBs
Extensional Rod
Material Model ABB
reference temperature, To
force, F
1D Linear Elastic Model
shear stress,
poissons ratio,
r1
cte,
temperature change,DT
e t DT r4
thermal strain, et
elastic strain, ee
r3
stress,
ee
start, x1
shear modulus, G
E
G
2(1 )
E
r4
F
A
modular
re-usage
end, x2
r1
ee
DT
et
e
Trr
J
undeformed length, Lo
theta end, 2
total elongation,DL
length, L
y
Lo
T
T
G, r, , ,J
x
G
radius, r
theta start, 1
DT, e, x
r3
DL
e
L
DL L Lo
E
torque, Tr
© 1993-2001 GTRC
One D Linear
Elastic Model
r2
polar moment of inertia, J
F
E, A,
material model
Torsional Rod
DL
F
L x2 x1
strain, e
e ee et
L
Lo
E
r2
undeformed length, Lo
G
youngs modulus, E
e
area, A
DT T To
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
shear strain,
r5
edb.r1
temperature, T
y
material model
ee
DT
et
e
r1
2 1
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
r3
r
L0
twist,
37
Extensional Rod Constraint Graph
Mat_sc.r1
mat.r5
0
G
1D Linear Elastic Model
(COB re-usage)
y
G
F
F
E, A,
e
e
e ee et
E
mat.r2
et
L
r4
r2
A
L x2 x1
r1
Lo
T
© 1993-2001 GTRC
DL L Lo
DT T To
edb.r1
F
r3
e t DT
DT
F
A
DL
L
DT, e, x
DL
mat.r4
DL
Lo
E
2(1 )
mat.r3
L
G
ee
ee
e
mat.r1
E
x1
x2
To
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
38
Multi-Representation Architecture for
Design-Analysis Integration
3
Analyzable
Product Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Solution Tools
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
39
Analyzable Product Models
(APMs)
Provide advanced access to design data needed by diverse analyses.
Design Applications
Solid
Modeler
Combine
information
Add reusable
multifidelity
idealizations
Analysis Applications
FEA-Based
Analysis
...
Materials
Database
Fasteners
Database
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
Support multidirectionality
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
FormulaBased
Analysis
40
Flap Link Geometric Model
(with idealizations)
L
B
ts2
ts1
s
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
rib2
ds1
ds2
B
red = idealized parameter
Leff
A, I, J
f
f
tft
tft
htotal
tfb tf
tw
wf
hw
rf
Section B-B
(at critical_cross_section)
Detailed Design
© 1993-2001 GTRC
A, I, J
A, I, J
htotal
tfb
hw
tw
htotal
tf
wf
tw
hw
wf
tapered I
Multifidelity Idealizations
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
basic I
28b
41
Flap Linkage Example
Manufacturable Product Model (MPM) = Design Description
flap_link
Extended Constraint Graph
L
w
sleeve_1
A
ts
ts1
2
t
Sleeve 1
r
Sleeve 2
Shaft
ds1
x
A
ds2
w
sleeve_2
R1
t
r
x
Product Attribute
shaft
Ri
cross_section
Product Relation
tw
t1f
t2f
rib_1
b
h
t
rib_2
R2
b
h
t
material
© 1993-2001 GTRC
R3
COB Structure (COS)
wf
COB flap_link SUBTYPE_OF part;
part_number
: STRING;
inter_axis_length, L
: REAL;
sleeve1
: sleeve;
sleeve2
: sleeve;
shaft
: tapered_beam;
rib1
: rib;
rib2
: rib;
RELATIONS
PRODUCT_RELATIONS
pr2 : "<inter_axis_length> == <sleeve2.origin.y> <sleeve1.origin.y>";
pr3 : "<rib1.height> == (<sleeve1.width> <shaft.cross_section.design.web_thickness>)/2";
pr4 : "<rib2.height> == (<sleeve2.width> <shaft.cross_section.design.web_thickness>)/2";
...
END_COB;
name
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
42
Flap Linkage Example
Analyzable Product Model (APM) = MPM Subset + Idealizations
flap_link
Extended Constraint Graph
effective_length
L
A
ts
ts1
w
sleeve_1
t
2
s
Sleeve 1
Sleeve 2
Shaft
ds1
r
ds2
A
x
Leff
w
sleeve_2
R1
t
R1
r
R2
x
Product Attribute
shaft
Ri
cross_section
Product Relation
wf
R3
tw
R4
t1f
Idealized Attribute
Ri
effective_length, Leff ==
inter_axis_length (sleeve1.hole.cross_section.radius +
sleeve2.hole.cross_section.radius)
Partial COB Structure (COS)
R6
R5
t2f
critical_section
critical_detailed
Idealization Relation
wf
tw
rib_1
R11
hw
b
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
b
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
tw
R3
name
stress_strain_model
© 1993-2001 GTRC
R8
area
linear_elastic
E
hw
tf
cte
area
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
R9
R10
R12
43
Concurrent Multi-Fidelity
Cross-Section Representations
A, I, J
f
tft
tft
htotal
tfb
tf
A, I, J
A, I, J
f
hw
tw
rf
wf
Section B-B
(at critical_cross_section)
Detailed Design
htotal
tfb
hw
tw
htotal
tf
wf
tw
hw
wf
tapered I
basic I
Multifidelity Idealizations
MULTI_LEVEL_COB cross_section;
design : filleted_tapered_I_section;
Detailed Design Cross-Section
tapered : tapered_I_section;
Idealized Cross-Sections
basic : basic_I_section;
Associativity Relations between
RELATIONS
Cross-Section Fidelities
PRODUCT_IDEALIZATION_RELATIONS
pir8 : "<basic.total_height> == <design.total_height>";
pir9 : "<basic.flange_width> == <design.flange_width>";
pir10 : "<basic.flange_thickness> == <design.flange_base_thickness>";
pir11 : "<basic.web_thickness> == <design.web_thickness>";
pir12 : "<tapered.total_height> == <design.total_height>";
pir13 : "<tapered.flange_width> == <design.flange_width>";
pir14 : "<tapered.flange_base_thickness> == <design.flange_base_thickness>";
pir15 : "<tapered.flange_taper_thickness> == <design.flange_taper_thickness>";
pir16 : "<tapered.flange_taper_angle> == <design.flange_taper_angle>";
pir17 : "<tapered.web_thickness> == <design.web_thickness>";
END_MULTI_LEVEL_COB;
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
44
APM Interface with
Tagged CAD Models (in CATIA v4)
1)
APM
COB Tool
7) Solve idealizations
8) Use in analysis
5)
2) request
part_number : “9162”;
hole1.radius : ?;
hole2.radius : ?;
length1 : ?;
COB instance format
3)
4)
GIT
tk/tcl
Interface CATGEO
program wrapper
CATIA v4
(CAD tool)
6) response
part_number : “9162”;
hole1.radius : 2.5;
hole2.radius : 4.0;
length1 : 20.0;
© 1993-2001 GTRC
3 and 4 similar
to other CAD APIs
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
0) Designer
- Creates design geometry
- Defines APM-compatible
parameters/tags
45
Flap Link Tagging
Dimension Entity Approach - CATIA v4
sleeve2.inner_diameter
sleeve2.width
inter_axis_length
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
46
Flap Link Tagging
Parametric Entity Approach - CATIA v4
sleeve2.inner_diameter
sleeve2.width
inter_axis_length
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
47
Design Model - Idealized Model Assoc. inside CATIA v5
(work in process)
Design
Idealizations
(PI^0.5)0.5*D
D=
A
2D
h=
B
h/2
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
48
Target Situation:
CAD Model w/ associated idealized features
Design Model
(in CATIA v5)
Idealized Features
(to scale in CATIA v5)
Idealized bulkhead attach point fitting
Idealized rear spar attach point fitting
Idealized diagonal brace lug joint
b
c
R
axial direction
D
= f( c , b , R )
W = f( R , D , )
e
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
49
Multi-Representation Architecture for
Design-Analysis Integration
3
Analyzable
Product Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Solution Tools
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
50
COB-based Constraint Schematic
for Multi-Fidelity CAD-CAE Interoperability
Design Tools
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
MCAD Tools
CATIA, I-DEAS*
Pro/E* , UG *, ...
Analysis Modules
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Continuum ABBs:
y
Extensional Rod
Material Model ABB:
shear stress,
cte,
e t DT
E
2(1 )
ee
DT
et
e
r4
area, A
DT, e, x
Extension
r3
r2
undeformed length, Lo
G
F
E, A,
shear strain,
r5
DL
Lo
F
E
force, F
G
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio,
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
reference temperature, To
1D Linear Elastic Model
L
material model
edb.r1
temperature, T
total elongation,DL
r1
start, x1
shear modulus, G
linkage
y
temperature change,DT
e
r4
thermal strain, et
ee
stress, E
Torsional Rod
T
One D Linear
Elastic Model
strain, e
r3
effective length, Leff
mode: shaft tension
Lo
material model
elastic strain, ee
Flap Link Extensional Model
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
length, L
end, x2
r1
r2
E
material
T
G, r, , ,J
x
area, A
cross section
L
A
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
condition
DL
x2
al2
linear elastic model
Lo
x1
E
F
e
G
stress mos model
torque, Tr
polar moment of inertia, J
ee
radius, r
DT
et
e
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable stress
allowable
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
actual
MS
r3
undeformed length, Lo
r1
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
twist,
inter_axis_length
linkage
Flap Link Plane Strain Model
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
sleeve_1
w
r
L
ws1
sleeve_2
w
ts1
t
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
t
2D
mode: tension
r
rs2
ws2
ux,max
ts2
x,max
rs2
shaft
cross_section:basic
wf
wf
tw
tw
tf
tf
material
E
name
E
linear_elastic_model
F
condition reaction
flap_link
allowable stress
effective_length
allowable inter axis length change
L
w
sleeve_1
B
ts2
ts1
t
r
s
w
sleeve_2
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
R1
t
rib2
R1
r
ds1
R2
x
ds2
B
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
shaft
cross_section
R3
wf
R4
tw
Leff
t1f
R6
R5
deformation model
t2f
Torsional Rod
critical_section
critical_detailed
wf
linkage
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
tw
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
rib_1
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
R8
tw
R3
E
name
stress_strain_model
linear_elastic
hw
tf
cte
area
R9
R10
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
R12
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
mode: shaft torsion
Torsion
area
b
1
R11
hw
b
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable
al3
J
r
G
T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
shear modulus, G
2
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
...
Flap Link Torsional Model
51
Tutorial Example:
Flap Link Analysis Template (CBAM)
(1a) Analysis Template: Flap Link Extensional Model
CBAM
Flap Link Analysis Documentation
(2) Torsion Analysis
(1) Extension Analysis
a. 1D Extensional Rod
1. Behavior: Shaft Tension
L
A
ts2
ts1
s
Sleeve 1
Shaft
ds1
2. Conditions:
10000
lbs
linkage
3. Part Features: (idealized)
in
effective length, Leff
APM
1020 HR Steel
Geometry
mode: shaft tension
cross section
material
A = 1.125 in2 E=
30e6
allowable 18000
4. Analysis Calculations:
F
DL Leff
A
E
5. Conclusion:
MS
E, A
allowable
1 1.025
b. 2D Plane Stress FEA
...
psi
psi
condition
area, A
al1
P
e,
x
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
DL
Lo
x1
al2
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
DL
deformation model
Material Models
linear elastic model
L
Leff
P
Leff
Flaps down : F =
5.0
y
(idealization usage)
ds2
A
Leff =
Sleeve 2
CAD-CAE
Associativity
ABB
L
x2
A
E
F
e
SMM
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
ABB
allowable stress
actual
MS
Boundary Condition Objects
Pullable
Views*
(links to other analyses)*
Solution Tool
Interaction
* Boundary condition objects & pullable views are WIP concepts*
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
52
Test Case
Flap Linkage: Analysis Template Reuse of APM
Linkage Extensional Model (CBAM)
L
A
ts1
L
ts2
s
Sleeve 1
Sleeve 2
Shaft
ds1
F
ds2
A
DL
Lo
F
E, A,
Leff
DT, e, x
deformation model
linkage
mode: shaft tension
Flap link (APM)
flap_link
material
condition
effective_length
al1
area, A
al2
linear elastic model
reaction
youngs modulus, E al3
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
Lo
x1
x2
A
E
F
DL
L
e
w
sleeve_1
stress mos model
t
r
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
w
sleeve_2
allowable
actual
MS
R1
t
R1
r
allowable stress
R2
x
shaft
cross section
effective length, Leff
cross_section
wf
R3
tw
R4
t1f
R6
R5
t2f
critical_section
critical_detailed
wf
tw
rib_1
R11
hw
b
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
b
critical_simple
t
wf
tw
R3
E
name
stress_strain_model
© 1993-2001 GTRC
R8
area
h
material
reusable idealizations
linear_elastic
hw
tf
cte
area
R9
R10
R12
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
53
Test Case
Flap Linkage: Analysis Template Reuse of ABBs
Linkage Extensional Model (CBAM)
L
A
ts1
L
ts2
s
Sleeve 1
Sleeve 2
Shaft
ds1
F
ds2
A
DL
Lo
F
E, A,
Leff
DT, e, x
deformation model
linkage
mode: shaft tension
cross section
material
condition
effective length, Leff
al1
area, A
al2
linear elastic model
reaction
youngs modulus, E al3
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
Lo
x1
x2
A
E
F
DL
L
e
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
Extensional Rod (generic ABB)
y
L
DL
Lo
F
material model
E
youngsmodulus,
mv6
cte,
mv5
T
temperature,
sr1
area,A
r4
F
A
E
start,x1
r1
end,x2
L x2 x1
© 1993-2001 GTRC
smv1
ee
DT
mv4
et
e
F
E, A,
DT, e, x
mv2
ee
elastic strain,
mv3
et
thermal strain,
e
strain,
mv1
stress,
modular reusage
DT
temperature change,
r2
undeformed
length,Lo
allowable stress
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
To DT T To
reference temperature,
force,F
allowable
actual
MS
DL L Lo
e
DL
L
r3
DL
total elongation,
length,L
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
54
Flap Linkage Extensional Model:
Lexical COB Structure
COB link_extensional_model SUBTYPE_OF link_analysis_model;
DESCRIPTION
Represents 1D formula-based extensional model.;
y
L
L
ANALYSIS_CONTEXT
P
E, A
e,
PART_FEATURE
deformation model
link : flap_link
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
linkage
al1
effective length, L
BOUNDARY_CONDITION_OBJECTS
L
DL
associated_condition : condition;
x
L
x
MODE
mode: shaft tension
area, A
cross section
al2
A
material linear elastic model
youngs modulus, E al3
tension;
E
reaction
condition
F
e
OBJECTIVES
stress mos model
stress_mos_model : margin_of_safety_model;
Margin of Safety
ANALYSIS_SUBSYSTEMS
(> case)
allowable stress
allowable
deformation_model : extensional_rod_isothermal;
actual
RELATIONS
MS
PART_FEATURE_ASSOCIATIVITIES
al1 : "<deformation_model.undeformed_length> == <link.effective_length>";
al2 : "<deformation_model.area> == <link.shaft.critical_cross_section.basic.area>";
al3 : "<deformation_model.material_model.youngs_modulus> ==
<link.material.stress_strain_model.linear_elastic.youngs_modulus>";
al4 : "<deformation_model.material_model.name> == <link.material.name>";
BOUNDARY_CONDITION_ASSOCIATIVITIES
al5 : "<deformation_model.force> == <associated_condition.reaction>";
OBJECTIVE_ASSOCIATIVITIES
al6 : "<stress_mos_model.allowable> == <link.material.yield_stress>";
al7 : "<stress_mos_model.determined> == <deformation_model.material_model.stress>";
END_COB;
L
A
ts2
ts1
eff
s
Sleeve 1
DL
P
Sleeve 2
Shaft
x
ds1
ds2
A
Leff
eff
o
1
2
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Desired categorization of attributes is shown above (as manually inserted) to support pullable views.
Categorization
capabilities is a planned XaiTools extension.
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
55
Flap Linkage Instance
with Multi-Directional I/O States
deformation model
linkage
Flap Link #3
Leff
effective length,
5.0 in
mode: shaft tension
critical_cross
_section
shaft
material
condition
reaction
basic
2
1.125 in
area, A
al2
linear elastic model youngs modulus,E al3
steel
30e6 psi
10000 lbs
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
Lo
DL
x1
L
Design Verification
1.43e-3 in
- Input: design details
- Output:
i) idealized design parameters
ii) physical response criteria
x2
A
8888 psi
E
F
e
description
flaps mid position
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
18000 psi
(> case)
allowable stress
allowable
actual
MS
example 1, state 1
1.025
deformation model
Design Synthesis
- Input: desired physical
response criteria
- Output:
i) idealized design
parameters
(e.g., for sizing), or
ii) detailed design
parameters
© 1993-2001 GTRC
5.0 in
effective length, Leff
linkage Flap Link #3
al1
0.555 in2
mode: shaft tension
condition
1.125 in2
shaft
critical_cross
_section
material
linear elastic model
reaction
10000 lbs
steel
basic
area, A
al2
X
youngs modulus, E al3
30e6 psi
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
Lo
DL
x1
L
3.00e-3 in
x2
A
E
F
e
18000 psi
description
flaps mid position
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
18000psi
allowable stress
allowable
actual
MS
0.0
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
example 1, state 3
56
COB-based Constraint Schematic
for Multi-Fidelity CAD-CAE Interoperability
Design Tools
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
MCAD Tools
CATIA, I-DEAS*
Pro/E* , UG *, ...
Analysis Modules
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Continuum ABBs:
y
Extensional Rod
Material Model ABB:
shear stress,
cte,
e t DT
E
2(1 )
ee
DT
et
e
r4
area, A
DT, e, x
Extension
r3
r2
undeformed length, Lo
G
F
E, A,
shear strain,
r5
DL
Lo
F
E
force, F
G
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio,
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
reference temperature, To
1D Linear Elastic Model
L
material model
edb.r1
temperature, T
total elongation,DL
r1
start, x1
shear modulus, G
linkage
y
temperature change,DT
e
r4
thermal strain, et
ee
stress, E
Torsional Rod
T
One D Linear
Elastic Model
strain, e
r3
effective length, Leff
mode: shaft tension
Lo
material model
elastic strain, ee
Flap Link Extensional Model
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
length, L
end, x2
r1
r2
E
material
T
G, r, , ,J
x
area, A
cross section
L
A
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
condition
DL
x2
al2
linear elastic model
Lo
x1
E
F
e
G
stress mos model
torque, Tr
polar moment of inertia, J
ee
radius, r
DT
et
e
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable stress
allowable
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
actual
MS
r3
undeformed length, Lo
r1
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
twist,
inter_axis_length
linkage
Flap Link Plane Strain Model
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
sleeve_1
w
r
L
ws1
sleeve_2
w
ts1
t
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
t
2D
mode: tension
r
rs2
ws2
ux,max
ts2
x,max
rs2
shaft
cross_section:basic
wf
wf
tw
tw
tf
tf
material
E
name
E
linear_elastic_model
F
condition reaction
flap_link
allowable stress
effective_length
allowable inter axis length change
L
w
sleeve_1
B
ts2
ts1
t
r
s
w
sleeve_2
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
R1
t
rib2
R1
r
ds1
R2
x
ds2
B
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
shaft
cross_section
R3
wf
R4
tw
Leff
t1f
R6
R5
deformation model
t2f
Torsional Rod
critical_section
critical_detailed
wf
linkage
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
tw
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
rib_1
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
R8
tw
R3
E
name
stress_strain_model
linear_elastic
hw
tf
cte
area
R9
R10
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
R12
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
mode: shaft torsion
Torsion
area
b
1
R11
hw
b
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable
al3
J
r
G
T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
shear modulus, G
2
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
...
Flap Link Torsional Model
57
FEA-based Analysis Subsystem
Used in Linkage Plane Stress Model (2D Analysis Problem)
Plane Stress Bodies
y
Higher fidelity version
vs. Linkage Extensional Model
ts2
tf
wf
ts1
ws1
tw
rs1
ws2
F
rs2
C
L x
L
inter_axis_length
linkage
sleeve_1
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
L
w
t
sleeve_2
mode: tension
r
ws1
w
ts1
t
rs2
ws2
ux,max
ts2
x,max
r
ABBSMM
SMM Template
rs2
shaft
cross_section:basic
wf
tw
tf
wf
tw
tf
material
E
name
linear_elastic_model
condition reaction
allowable stress
E
F
allowable inter axis length change
ux mos model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
58
COB-based Constraint Schematic
for Multi-Fidelity CAD-CAE Interoperability
Design Tools
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
MCAD Tools
CATIA, I-DEAS*
Pro/E* , UG *, ...
Analysis Modules
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Continuum ABBs:
y
Extensional Rod
Material Model ABB:
shear stress,
cte,
e t DT
E
2(1 )
ee
DT
et
e
r4
area, A
DT, e, x
Extension
r3
r2
undeformed length, Lo
G
F
E, A,
shear strain,
r5
DL
Lo
F
E
force, F
G
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio,
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
reference temperature, To
1D Linear Elastic Model
L
material model
edb.r1
temperature, T
total elongation,DL
r1
start, x1
shear modulus, G
linkage
y
temperature change,DT
e
r4
thermal strain, et
ee
stress, E
Torsional Rod
T
One D Linear
Elastic Model
strain, e
r3
effective length, Leff
mode: shaft tension
Lo
material model
elastic strain, ee
Flap Link Extensional Model
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
length, L
end, x2
r1
r2
E
material
T
G, r, , ,J
x
area, A
cross section
L
A
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
condition
DL
x2
al2
linear elastic model
Lo
x1
E
F
e
G
stress mos model
torque, Tr
polar moment of inertia, J
ee
radius, r
DT
et
e
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable stress
allowable
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
actual
MS
r3
undeformed length, Lo
r1
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
twist,
inter_axis_length
linkage
Flap Link Plane Strain Model
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
sleeve_1
w
r
L
ws1
sleeve_2
w
ts1
t
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
t
2D
mode: tension
r
rs2
ws2
ux,max
ts2
x,max
rs2
shaft
cross_section:basic
wf
wf
tw
tw
tf
tf
material
E
name
E
linear_elastic_model
F
condition reaction
flap_link
allowable stress
effective_length
allowable inter axis length change
L
w
sleeve_1
B
ts2
ts1
t
r
s
w
sleeve_2
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
R1
t
rib2
R1
r
ds1
R2
x
ds2
B
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
shaft
cross_section
R3
wf
R4
tw
Leff
t1f
R6
R5
deformation model
t2f
Torsional Rod
critical_section
critical_detailed
wf
linkage
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
tw
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
rib_1
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
R8
tw
R3
E
name
stress_strain_model
linear_elastic
hw
tf
cte
area
R9
R10
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
R12
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
mode: shaft torsion
Torsion
area
b
1
R11
hw
b
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable
al3
J
r
G
T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
shear modulus, G
2
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
...
Flap Link Torsional Model
59
Flap Linkage Torsional Model
Diverse Mode (Behavior) vs. Linkage Extensional Model
L
A
ts2
ts1
s
Sleeve 1
Sleeve 2
Shaft
ds1
ds2
A
deformation model
Leff
Torsional Rod
linkage
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
1
mode: shaft torsion
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
al3
J
r
G
T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
© 1993-2001 GTRC
shear modulus, G
2
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
60
Modular Reusable COBs
Flap Link Tutorial APM Example
(5,25,36)
flaplink APM
(1,11,10)
lib\abbs
lib\apm
(12,34,22)
lib\geometry
lib\material
(108,68,30)
3,9,11 3,9,11
(3,9,11)
(4,11,3)
(#of entities, #of attribute, # of relations)
Product specific COBs
General COBs
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
61
Multi-Representation Architecture for
Design-Analysis Integration
3
Analyzable
Product Model
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Solution Tools
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
62
Typical Solution Tool Processes
Tool Control
Solution Tool
Results
Model Data
Preprocessor Control
Preprocessor
C
L
Preprocessor
Model
11
Postprocessor Control
Solver
Unsolved
Mesh Model
Postprocessor
Solved
Mesh Model
10
A1
7
8
extrema,
graphics
9
A3
6
1
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Processed
Results
5
4
A2
3
2
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
63
ABB-SMM- Solution Tool Interaction
2 Analysis Building Block
Solution Tool
1 Solution Method Model
ABB
SMM
ABBSMM
preprocessor
model
body1
body4
body3
11
10
A1
7
8
6
1
5
4
A2
3
2
eu
results
mesh
extrema model
body2
outputs
1 Solution Method Model
11
8
9
6
5
4
A2
FEA Tools
inputs &
control
3
2
mesh
model
outputs
Object Environment
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Files
A3
1
eu
results
extrema
10
A1
7
Solution Tools
Tool
Agent
C
L
preprocessor
model
inputs &
control
9
A3
Operating System
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
64
ABB Mappings to Diverse Tool-Specific SMMs
Plane Strain Model Example
C
L
La
11
12
10
13
A1
11
body1 , material1 , T1
7
Ansys
ABB
10
body
0
body
6
5
body
5
3
A2
body2 , material2 , T2
3
2
1
h2
2
L3
Lb
3
La
2
Cadas
Vendor Variation Challenges
• Feature set of modeling language
• Region decomposition
• Numbering & composition of entities
• Element type designations
18
14
A25
19
10
14
11
11
A23
12
6
9
7
10
12 17
13
15
A24
16
9
13
5
8
body 1
h1
Cadas SMM
h3
body 3
8
4
A20
5
A21
6
A22 7
1
1
2
2
3
3
L5
L3
body 2
h2
4
L4
Lb
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Ansys SMM
h3
4
4
1
body
4
9
8
A3
9
body3 , material3 , T3
1
T
= key point n
= line n
h1
= area n
7
6
Plane Strain Bodies System
8
n
n
An
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
65
Parameterized FEA Preprocessor Model
Fixed Topology - Ansys
ANSYS Prep7 Template
Preprocessor Model Figure
@EX1@ = Parameters populated by context ABB
C
L
/PREP7
La
11
12
10
13
A1
11
body1 , material1 , T1
7
10
8
n
n
An
= key point n
= line n
h1
= area n
9
8
A3
9
body3 , material3 , T3
h3
7
6
5
6
1
5
4
4
A2
body2 , material2 , T2
L3
Lb
© 1993-2001 GTRC
rectangular body 3
3
3
2
1
2
h2
! body1 Material Properties
MP,EX,1,@EX1@
! Young's modulus
MP,ALPX,@ALPX1@
! CTE
MP,NUXY,1,@NUXY1@
! Poisson's ratio (minor)
...
LA = @LA@
! Geometric Parameters
LB = @LB@
L3 = @L3@
T0 = @T0@
! Load Parameters
T1 = @T1@
T2 = @T2@
T3 = @T3@
...
K,1, 0.0, 0.0
! Key Points
K,3, LB, H2
K,5, (LA-L3), H2
...
NLB = 10
! Mesh Density Parameters
NH2 = 4
NH3 = 4
...
L,1,2,NLB
! 1 ! Lines <kp1,kp2,divisions,size ratio>
L,2,3,NH2,0.5 ! 2
L,3,4,NLB/2
! 3
...
AL, 10, 8, 11, 12, 13
! 1 - body 1
! Areas
AL, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
! 2 - body 2
AL, 4, 7, 8, 9
! 3 - body 3
...
! Assign materials, Assign loads, Automesh, etc.
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
66
Ansys SMM Implementation
Plane Strain Model - Example Instance
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
solder joint deformation w/ detailed sj: case 3
67
Parameterized FEA Preprocessor Model
Fixed Topology - Cadas
Cadas Preprocessor Model Template
Preprocessor Model Figure
@EX1@ = Parameters populated by context ABB
La
12 17
13
15
16
9
5
A24
13
8
18
14
A25
19
body 1
10
14
11
11
A23
12
6
9
7
10
h1
h3
body 3
8
4
A20
5
A21
6
A22 7
1
1
2
2
3
3
L5
L3
L4
Lb
© 1993-2001 GTRC
rectangular body 3
4
body 2
h2
addbasp 0.0 0.0
addbasp @L5@ 0.0
addbasp @L3@ 0.0
...
addlin2 1 2
addlin2 2 3
addlin2 3 15
...
addsurfp 1 2 6 5
addsurfp 2 3 7 6
addsurfp 3 15 16 7
...
matmger edit 21 @mat1_name@
matmger edit 102 @mat1_E@
...
atrsurf 30 31 group 1
atrsurf 26 27 28 32 group 2
atrsurf 29 33 34 group 3
atrgrp 1 2 3 etype s 81
atrgrp 1 material 1
atrgrp 2 material 2
atrgrp 3 material 3
divset
2601
nodiv 3 1.0
divset
2603
nodiv 3 1.0
...
mergnode all 1.000E-5
tempload group 1 v @T1@
tempload group 2 v @T2@
tempload group 3 v @T3@
fixsuprt node 40 v 23
fixsuprt line 4 15 v 1
dbsave smm.pre
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
! key points
! lines
! areas
! materials
-99 close
-99 close
! groups
! element type
! assign materials
! line divisions
! merge
! temperatures
! fixed origin bc
! symmetry bc
68
Other ABB-SMM
Mapping Considerations
ABBSMM
Solution Method
Variation
ABB
ABBSMM
Vendor
Variation
Symbolic SMM
Finite Element SMM
Boundary Element SMM
Finite Difference SMM
Vendor-Specific
Finite Element SMMs
ABB
Ansys SMM
Cadas SMM
Nastran SMM
Neutral
ABBSMM
ABB
Ansys SMM
Finite Element
SMM
(e.g., STEP AP209)
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Vendor-Specific
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
Cadas SMM
Nastran SMM
69
SMM Status
Template approach works well for
fixed topology cases
– Relatively simple
– Leverages current parametrized FEA
models
Further needs:
– Aid complex cases:
Ex. variable toplogy multi-part/body
– Enable multi-vendor / vendor-neutral
representations
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
70
An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Short Course Outline
Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer
– Nomenclature
Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
– Analysis Integration Challenges
– Overview of COB-based XAI
» MRA Summary
– Ubiquitization Methodology
Part 3: Example Applications
Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
71
Evaluation
Test Case Statistics: COB Structure
# of Entities, Attributes, Relations
lib\geometry.cos
apm.cos
materials.cos
pwa/b
lib\apm.cos
lib\materials.cos
lib\abbs.cos
apm.cos
apm.cos
cbams.cos
apm.cos
cbams.cos
abbs.cos
cbams.cos
fastener.cos
materials.cos
airplane
electrical chip package (cp)
product specific
lib
apm.cos
bikeframe
cbams.cos
lib
pwb_board.cos
apm.cos
bga (ball grid array)
cbams.cos
apm.cos
qfp(quad flat pack)
cbams.cos
lib\abbs.cos
apm.cos
lib\apm.cos
lib\geometry.cos
lib\apm.cos
airplane\lib\abbs.cos
lib\geometry.cos
lib\apm.cos
airplane\lib\materials.cos
airplane\lib\fastener.cos
airplane\lib\cbams.cos
airplane\bikeframe\apm.cos
lib\geometry.cos
cp\lib\pwb_board.cos
lib\abbs.cos
cp\bga\apm.cos
lib\geometry.cos
cp\lib\pwb_board.cos
lib\abbs.cos
cp\qft\apm.cos
Totals
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Engineering Information Systems Lab eislab.gatech.edu
4
11
3
108
68
30
12
34
22
3
9
1
1
11
10
5
25
36
77
152
5
24
21
39
23
12
2
3
1
7
7
38
16
4
23
20
8
2
Aggregate Instance
Relations
Total
Aggregate
Total
COB Libraries Used
abbs.cos
flaplink
general(lib)
Structure (COS)
geometry.cos
Entities
Attributes
Aggregate Operation
COB Libraries Used
Oneway
Test Cases
2
19
9
3
3
5
20
13
21
2
5
53
177
6
103
1
12
4
19
15
25
76
1
18
2
1
344
12
753
4
25
19
376
3
8
12
22
15
59
72
Evaluation
Test Case Statistics: COB Structure
Flap Link Test Case
product specific general (lib)
abbs.cos
4
11
3
108
68
30
geometry.cos
12
34
22
materials.cos
3
9
1
1
11
10
apm.cos
lib\geometry.cos
Aggregate Instance
Aggregate Operation
Oneway
Relations
Total
Aggregate
COB Libraries Used
Total
Structure (COS)
Entities
Attributes
lib\apm.cos
apm.cos
lib\materials.cos
lib\abbs.cos
flaplink
cbams.cos
…..
Totals
apm.cos
…..
5 25
36
2
….. ….. ….. ….. ….. …..
344 753 25 376
8 12
…..
59
• Supports reusability
• Supports complex large problems
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73
Evaluation
Example COB Reuse as Modular Building Blocks
Structure (COS)
1D Linear Elastic Model (ABB)
Margin of Safety ABB
Flaplink APM
BikeFrame APM
PWA/B APM
EBGA ChipPackage APM
PBGA ChipPackage APM
QFP ChipPackage APM
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Where used
Extensional Rod ABB
Torsional Rod ABB
1D Linkage Extensional Flaplink CBAM for stress
1D Torsional Extensional Flaplink CBAM for stress
1D Torsional Extensional Flaplink CBAM for twist
2D Plane Stress flaplink CBAM for stress
2D linkage extensional flaplink CBAM for deformation
1D PWB Thermal Bending for warpage
2D PWBThermal Bending for warpage
1.5D Lug CBAM for stress
Linkage Extensional CBAM
Linkage Plane Stress CBAM
Linkage Torsional CBAM
Lug Axial/Oblique; Ultimate/Shear CBAM
Fitting Bending/Shear CBAM
Thermal Bending CBAM
6 Layer Plain Strain CBAM
N Layer Plain Strain CBAM
EBGA Thermal Resistance CBAM
PBGA Thermal Resistance CBAM
Thermal Stress CBAM
Thermal Resistance CBMA
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Major Types of Analysis Objects
Part Feature
APM Entities
Context-Based
Analysis Model
(CBAM)
Analysis Subsystems
idealizations
Boundary Condition
Objects
Conditions &
Next-Higher
CBAMs
Mode
Analysis
Context
boundary variables
Solution
Method Models
(SMMs)
allowables
Objectives
MS
Analysis
Building Blocks
(ABBs)
Associativity
Linkages
allowable
actual
Analysis Context
CBAM = why + how
• Analysis specification (why vs. how)
= Analysis Context
• Definable during early planning stages
+ Analysis Subsystems (ABBs, etc.)
+ Associativity Linkages
analysis problem a.k.a: template,
context-based analysis model (CBAM), • Can be new, reused, or adapted template
analysis module • Instance can contain one or more runs
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MRA Summary
Multiple representations required by:
– Many:Many cardinality
– Reusability & modularity
Self-Test: Consider impact of removing a representation
Similar to “software design patterns”
for CAD-CAE domain
– Identifies patterns between CAD and CAE
(identifies new types of objects)
– Other needs: conditions, requirements, next-higher analysis
– Captures explicit associativity
Distinctive CAD-CAE associativity needs
– Multi-fidelity, multi-directional capabilities
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76
An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Short Course Outline
Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer
– Nomenclature
Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
– Analysis Integration Challenges
– Overview of COB-based XAI
– Ubiquitization Methodology
Recommended Approach
Skim the methodology, then review Part 3 first,
then come back for a more detailed look.
Part 3: Example Applications
» Airframe Structural Analysis
» Circuit Board Thermomechanical Analysis
» Chip Package Thermal Analysis
– Summary
Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research
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77
Classes of Analysis
Aspect
Inputs
Design Families*
Design Instances
Design Variations
Solution Method
Develop new method
Use established method
Analysis Procedure
Develop procedure
Define analysis criteria
Define idealizations, G:
Boundary conditions
Analytical body types
Geometric simplifications
Material models
Validate procedure
Measure samples
Correlate with measurements
Use established procedure
Outputs
Validated solution method
Validated analysis procedure
Sensitivity studies
Example datasets
Analysis results & design impact
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Original
Analysis Class
Adpative
Ubiquitous
Multi-layer PWBs
PWB #95145
Re-order stackup
Several
Several - Many
Several
Several - Many
One - Many
Several
New FEA element
Example
PWB warpage analysis
Tmax = avg T of chip
Uniform temperature
Plane strain body
Total thickness
Linear elastic
Shadow moire'
IPC-D-279 PTH fatigue
Who
Senior Analyst
Analyst
Designer
Focus
Development
Development
Regular Usage
* Design = product or process
Analysis = simulation of physical behavior
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Desired Characteristics of
Designer* Analysis Tools
Tools that are easy to use and that automate tasks as much as possible
Predefined catalogs of common product-specific analysis models, along with usage
guidelines
Product-specific terminology for model interaction
(e.g., product-specific variable names)
Linkages with COTS and in-house design tools that have selective
multi-directional associativity
Ability to leverage COTS general purpose CAE tools, as well as
in-house specialty tools
Ability to utilize analysis tools without becoming a tool expert
Insulation from analysis model details (e.g., node numbers), but access if needed
*Note: Some organizations categorize two types of “design” product team members:
a) Those who develop the product architecture and plan the design of subassemblies and piece parts (at the feature level). Commonly used names for
this type of team member include engineers, physical designers, etc.
b) Those who utilize CAD tools to capture these designs in detailed manufacturable form. Commonly used names include designers, CAD users, etc.
In these slides the term “designer” is used loosely for both groups. Generally, Type a) team members need to use analysis modules earlier in the design
process to help “size” the designs and evaluate alternatives. Then Type b) users can employ analysis modules to guide and check the detailed design.
This is the typical progression of who has more training to judge the inner workings and limitations of the analysis modules (and thus an increasing class of
design cases that they can be called on to analyze): Type b), Type a), and Analyst.
Thus if Type b) encounters a border line case or odd
analysis results, they might ask the Type a) person to take a look at it. If Type a) feels it is beyond their scope, they can then ask the Analyst to take a
look. If the Analyst is also not certain about it, then physical tests and analysis module extension studies may be needed.
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79
Increasing
Design Space & Analysis Utility
Ubiquitous Analysis
(Template Usage)
Adaptive Analysis
(Procedure Creation)
Needs
Perform & Correlate
Analyses
0.1
Analyst
Applicable Design Space
(Comfort Zones)
Use
Analyst (not automated)
Use
Analysis Module
Examples,
Sensitivity
Studies,
Measurement
Correlation
Define
Applicability
0.2
Analyst
Procedure
Documentation,
Design Guides
(typical practice)
Use in
Design Process
2.0
Designer
Improved
Design
Analysis
Results
Design Instances
Ubiquitization
(Template Creation)
Ubiquitize
Procedure
Create Once
Use Many Times
Analysis Module
Template
(increased
1.0
precision & scope)
All
Use
Design Guides
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Ubiquitization Process
Template Creation & Usage Phases
Ubiquitization (Creation Phase)
1.0 Ubiqutize Procedure
Design Needs
Established
Analysis Procedure
Identify Ubiquitous
Analysis Model
1.1
Designer & Analyst
Develop CBAM
& Related Entities
Implement CBAM
& Related Entities
1.2
Analyst & Developer
1.3
Developer
Analysis Module
Template (CBAM)
& Applications
Building Blocks
Create Template Once,
Use Template Many Times
Ubiquitous Analysis (Usage Phase)
Analysis Module
Template
Design
Instances
Use
Analysis Module
Automated
Analysis Results
2.0
Designer
Other Developer/Integrator Roles:
Product Modeler, Parts Librarian, Materials Librarian, CAD & CAE Tool Specialist(s)
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81
MRA Foundation for Product-Specific Tools
product = product domain (e.g., airframes, PWBs, chip packages, …)
SAS= specialized analysis system
(with possibly specialized procedures - Ex. a VTMB algorithm)
Product-Specific
Entities j
Generic MRA
Foundation
Specific Specific Specific
SASs
APMs CBAMs
General
SMMs Purpose Abstract Abstract
APMs CBAMs
ABBs
1
XaiTools FrameWork
© 1993-2001 GTRC
2
3
Product-Specific
Tooli
i=1...n
4
Examples
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XaiTools PWA-B
XaiTools ChipPackage
82
Typical Sources of
Ubiquitous Analysis Models
© 1993-2001 GTRC
Corporate technical memos
Unpublished notes & know-how
Example CAD & CAE model files
In-house computer programs
Handbooks
Journal papers
Conference proceedings
Textbooks
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Informal Description of a
Ubiquitous Analysis Model (Analysis Procedure)
Model Purpose - A brief statement about the model and what design needs it fulfills.
It
should indicate what design stages best benefit from the model, (typically based on model accuracy
versus computational cost).
Major Analysis Steps and Variations -
A high-level, top-down view of the
major analysis steps in the form of a tree/network diagram or an IDEF0 process model. Variations
such as directionality, loading conditions, and product configurations should be identified.
Analyst Sketches & Idealizations - Sketches of analysis models noting types
of idealizations used: bodies, loads, and material models in product-specific terms.
Relations and Variables - A list of relations and variables.
For models that require
solution tools such as finite element analysis (FEA) programs, the list should contain a relation whose
variables are the inputs and outputs for that tool.
Model Limitations - Guides for the end user, including model assumptions and
acceptable ranges of inputs and outputs.
Model References - Background information about the model, including application to
the product type at hand, as well as descriptions of product-independent analysis concepts.
Representative Datasets - Example values for input, intermediate, and output
variables for each major variation. These datasets should include related solution tool input and
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Observations to Date
Need to ensure proper usage (highly automated!)
– Must capture limitations & validity criteria
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Knowledge capture technique
Synergy of specialists; communication aid
Catalyst for more analysis research
Usage by designers & non-designers (e.g., mfg.)
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Observations (continued)
Delivery by network-based
engineering service bureaus (ESBs)
– Internet-based: Commercial ESB w/ self-/full-serve consulting
– Intranet-based: Internal ESB (for shared corporate usage)
– Extranet-based: Internal ESB, with controlled
access for customers & suppliers
XaiTools status:
– Focus to date:
» Toolkit for developers & analysts to create analysis templates
(ubiquitization process, but non-interactive )
» Support automated template usage by end users
(ubiquitous analysis) - fixed topology; non-field relations
– Next: Aid interactive adaptive analysis
(template creation / one-of-a-kind analysis)
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86
An Introduction to X-Analysis Integration (XAI)
Short Course Outline
Part 1: Constrained Objects (COBs) Primer
– Nomenclature
Part 2: Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) Primer
– Analysis Integration Challenges
– Overview of COB-based XAI
– Ubiquitization Methodology
Part 3: Example Applications
» Airframe Structural Analysis
» Circuit Board Thermomechanical Analysis
» Chip Package Thermal Analysis
– Summary
Part 4: Advanced Topics & Current Research
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87
