Paying to Die: Tobacco
It’s Your Choice!
Health Education
1
•What are some
things that people
get addicted to???
2
ADDICTION
3
How it all starts
• Addiction usually starts when a person
does something he or she thinks will
bring pleasure or help avoid pain.
• He or she becomes increasingly
dependent on the behavior.
• As tolerance develops-the person needs
more of the desired behavior to feel the
4
same effect.
And then…….
• Any substance OR activity that
becomes the focus of a person’s life at
the expense of other needs and interests
can be damaging to their health.
5
Psychological &
Physiological Dependence
1. Psychological dependence (mind)- a condition in
which a person believes that a substance is needed in
order to feel good or to function normally.
2. Physiological dependence (body)- a condition in
which the user has a chemical need for the substance.
The nerve cells have adapted so well to the drug that
they require the drug to function normally.
3. Addiction can be psychological or physiological.
4. Withdrawal - may occur when a person stops
using a drug they are dependent on .
6
Think Quick!
Most people know that using tobacco is
harmful. Why do you think some people
continue to use tobacco products?
7
The Surgeon General
States that:
“Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is
the number one cause of preventable
disease and death in the United
States.”
~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General
8
Tobacco use is the leading
preventable cause of death.
• Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths
per year.
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000
deaths per year in the United States, including an
estimated 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke
exposure.1
•
This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths
every day.1
• On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than
nonsmokers.3
9
~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, February, 2010
Amazing statistics!!!
• Each year, smoking kills more people than AIDS,
alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders,
suicides, and fires . . . combined!
• Each day, more than 3,200 persons younger than
18 years of age smoke their first cigarette.
• How long does it take 1 cigarette butt to
decompose???
Approximately 15 years – don’t litter!
10
What’s in a Cigarette?
•
With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
1. Nicotine- addictive drug found in tobacco
•
Stimulant
– Speeds up the Central Nervous system
– Increases heart rate
– Raises blood pressure
•
Nicotine is associated with
Heart Disease and Stroke
11
Nicotine
In its’ pure form, it is one of the most
addictive drugs known to man and is
extremely habit forming
• After nicotine enters the lungs, it is
absorbed immediately into the
bloodstream and within 8 seconds
reaches the brain
12
What’s in a cigarette?
• Has anyone ever tried smoking a
cigarette???
• First time users have no tolerance to
nicotine and will experience a racing
heart, sweating, nausea, and
dizziness
13
Nicotine
Eventually smokers will build up a tolerance
to nicotine and their bodies will become
physically dependent on it.
When smokers attempt to quit they will
experience:
1. Headaches
2. Irritability
3. Restlessness
4. Feelings of illness
14
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a
cigarette you experience:
Carbon Monoxide- colorless,
odorless, poisonous gas
–
–
When carbon monoxide is
inhaled, it attaches itself
to the hemoglobin in your
red blood cells.
This prevents oxygen
from joining up with the
hemoglobin which causes
shortness of breath
15
What’s in a cigarette?
Carbon Monoxide increased risk for
High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease
and Arteriosclerosis
Anoxia – decreases oxygen level in
the body
16
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a cigarette you
experience:
Tar: a thick, sticky dark fluid produced
when tobacco burns
•
Tar enters respiratory system
causing problems
•
Upper Respiratory System
(Trachea)
– Destroys cilia
– Cilia - Tiny hair like
projections that move
mucus and debris out of
respiratory system
17
What’s in a cigarette?
TAR
• Lower Respiratory System (Lungs
and Alveoli)
–Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it
from moving normally
–Tar binds to alveoli blocking
exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide
–Tar also contains carcinogens
(cancer causing products) that
are linked to cancer of the mouth,
18
lung and throat.
Black carbon deposits
19
What’s in a cigarette?
4. Carcinogens
– cancer causing agents
– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and
Tar, tobacco contains around 45 carcinogens.
20
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acetone – found in nail polish remover
Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye
Ammonia – a common household cleaner
Arsenic – used in rat poison
Benzene – found in rubber cement
Butane – used in lighter fluid
Cadmium – active component in battery acid
Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes
Formaldehyde – embalming fluid
Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
Lead – used in batteries
Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls
Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel
Nicotine – used as insecticide
Tar – material for paving roads
21
Toluene - used to manufacture paint
Pipe and Cigar Tobacco
• Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.
• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and
CO than cigarettes.
• Increased risk of Lip, Mouth and Throat cancers
1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes (Nicotine)
22
Smokeless Tobacco
Snuff
Chewing Tobacco
• Tobacco that is cut into strips
and chewed or stored in mouth
• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in mouth
• Contains 28 carcinogens
• 2-3x as much
nicotine/carcinogens are
absorbed due to storing in
mouth
• Leukoplakia - pre-cancer white
spots inside the mouth
•
•
•
Tobacco that is ground up into
fine grits and is snorted though
the nose
Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in nose
Contains 28 carcinogens
23
Long-Term Effect of
Tobacco Use
1. Cardiovascular disease – is a
disease of the heart and blood
vessels.
• The chemicals in tobacco force the
heart to work harder to deliver
oxygen to the body. Therefore, the
smoker is at a higher risk of the
following:
24
Long-term effects
(1)High blood pressure
(2)Heart attack – a smoker is three
times more likely to suffer from a
heart attack than a non-smoker
(3)A heart attack is 5 to 10 times
more likely to kill a smoker than a
nonsmoker
25
Long term effects
2. Respiratory disease
So just what is “smoker’s cough”???
As tar destroys cilia, dust particles
and mucus accumulate in the air
passages, causing the smoker to
cough to try to clean out the air
passages.
26
Long Term effects
When coughing can no longer
keep the air passages clear, the
smoker eventually develops:
a. Chronic Bronchitis – the
bronchial tubes are swollen
and clogged with mucus.
People with this disease
have a hard time filling their
lungs with air.
There is no cure for this
disease
27
Long term effects
b. Emphysema –is a breathing disorder in which the alveoli
(small sacs in the lungs) lose their elasticity
• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount
of puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema
• A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon
monoxide
• Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be
reversed or improved.
28
Long term effects
3. Cancer – tobacco use
is a major factor in
developing certain
cancers
• Lung cancer – one of
the most deadly form
of cancer. 87% of
deaths related to lung
cancer are related to
smoking.
29
Cancer
• Oral cancers – cancer of
the mouth, lips, throat,
and tongue
30
• Top picture - severe cancer of the larynx, which has surfaced on
his neck and spread to his lymph glands.
• Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords, causing
hoarseness or other changes in the voice.
31
Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the
mouth can be a first indicator of possible
mouth cancer
32
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Tobacco use and
pregnancy
Chemicals can pass directly from the mother to the
fetus which can result in:
•
•
•
•
•
Increased heart rate
Low birth weight
Slow mental development
Miscarriages or still births
Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to the infant
from breast milk
33
Secondhand smoke:
Aka: Passive smoking
•
It is a mixture of 2 forms of smoke that come from burning tobacco: sidestream smoke (smoke that comes from the end of a lit cigarette, pipe, or cigar)
and mainstream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker).
•
Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke are called involuntary or
passive smokers. Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in
nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do.
•
There is twice as much tar and nicotine in side stream smoke as in mainstream
smoke
•
Side-stream smoke contains three times as much CO as mainstream smoke
34
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g
Each year passive smoking contributes to 150,000 to
300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies
and triggers 8,000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma in
previously unaffected children
35
What is secondhand smoke?
Secondhand smoke:
Passive smoking
• Asthma and other allergies are often made worse in the
presence of tobacco smoke.
• Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke
increases your risk of heart disease and lung
cancer.
36
Smoking and the Body
• Tobacco products can cause damage to
many body systems.
• www.whyquit.com
• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon
General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco
• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/
sgranimation/welcome.html
37
Hairy Tongue & Cataracts
38
Stroke
• Clot in the brain (Kills brain tissue)
39
Long term effects
Healthy lungs
Chronic
Bronchitis
Emphysema
40
Coronary Heart Disease
41
Loss of taste & smell
An odor molecule binds to cilia in the back of your nose, which causes
you to perceive a smell.
Smoking can affect the shape of taste buds and also affect vascularization,
or the formation of blood vessels.
Nicotine may cause functional and morphological alterations of taste buds
Smoking is an important factor which can lead to decreased taste sensitivity.
42
Atherosclerosis
43
Tobacco Affects All Areas of
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate
and relax.
• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt
others that are in the room – respiratory
problems
– People may not want to hang out (Smell)
• Growth & Development: Women who smoke
have LBW babies.
• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.
• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased
44
Cardiovascular endurance.
• Drugs: Produces physical and psychological
dependence.
• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and
lung disease.
• Personal Health: Teeth and fingers turn yellow,
breath smells, face wrinkles, etc.
• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of home fires
(smoking in bed)
• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor
pollution.
• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco
under 18 is illegal
• Financial Implications: Very costly
45
• 1,316 people die every day
in the united states due to
tobacco related illnesses!
46
Cost of Smoking
• On average, the price of tobacco products
is as follows:
– $ 6.50 pack of cigarettes
– $ 3.75 can of chewing tobacco
• How much money would you spend in 1
month if you smoked/chewed 1 pack a
day. ($______)
– 1 Year (
)
– 10 years ($
)
– 25 years (_______)
$$$$$
47
The “TRUE” Cost of
Smoking
•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying
with your life.
THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING
1 Cigarette= 11 minutes of life
1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes
1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days
48
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER
QUITTING
Within 20 minutes of last cig:
• Blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal
• Body temp. of hands and feet increase to normal
8 hours:
• Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal
• Oxygen level in blood increases to normal
1 day: Chance of heart attack decreases
2 days: Ability to smell and taste improves
3 days: Bronchial tubes relax & Lung capacity
increases
49
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S
BODY AFTER QUITTING
2 weeks to 3 months:
• Circulation improves
• Walking becomes easier
• Lung function increases up to 30%
1 - 9 months:
• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,
shortness of breath decrease
• Cilia re-grow, increasing ability to handle
mucus, thus reducing risk of infection
• Body’s overall energy level increases
50
5 years:
Risk of developing lung cancer or
coronary heart disease decreases
dramatically
10 Years:
Precancerous cells are replaced
Risk of developing lung cancer is nearly
the same as for a nonsmoker
51
Paying to Die: Tobacco
It’s Your Choice!
Health Education
52
•What are some things
that people get addicted
to???
53
How it all starts
• Addiction usually starts when a person
does something he or she thinks will bring
______________ or help avoid pain.
• He or she becomes increasingly
______________ on the behavior.
• As ______________ develops-the person
needs more of the desired behavior to feel
the same effect.
54
And then…….
• Any substance OR activity that becomes
the focus of a person’s life at the expense
of other needs and interests can be
damaging to their health.
55
Psychological &
Physiological Dependence
1. ______________ dependence- a condition in which a
person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel
good or to function normally.
2. ______________ dependence- a condition in which the
user has a chemical need for the substance. The nerve
cells have adapted so well to the drug that they require the
drug to function normally.
3. ______________ can be psychological or
physiological.
4. ______________ - may occur when a person stops
using a drug they are dependent on .
56
Think Quick!
Most people know that using tobacco is
harmful. Why do you think some people
continue to use tobacco products?
57
The Surgeon General
states,
“Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the
number one cause of preventable disease
and death in the United States.”
~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General
58
Tobacco use is the leading
preventable cause of death.
• Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per
year.
• Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per
year in the United States, including an estimated 41,000 deaths
resulting from secondhand smoke exposure.1
•
This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every
day.1
• On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.3
~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, February, 2010
59
Amazing statistics!!!
Each year, smoking kills more people than ______,
alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, _______________,
suicides, and ____________. . . combined!
Each day, more than 3,200 persons younger than
18 years of age smoke their first cigarette.
How long does it take 1 cigarette butt to
decompose???
Approximately 15 years – don’t litter!
60
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a cigarette you experience:
1. ______________ - addictive drug found in tobacco
• ______________ Speeds up the Central Nervous
system
– Increases heart rate
– ______________blood
pressure
• Nicotine is associated with
______________ and Stroke
61
Nicotine
In a pure form, is one of the most
______________ drugs known to man
and is extremely ___________forming
After nicotine enters the lungs, it is
absorbed immediately into the
bloodstream and within 8 seconds
reaches the brain
62
What’s in a cigarette?
Has anyone ever tried smoking a
cigarette???
First time users have no ___________
to nicotine and will experience a racing
heart, sweating, nausea, and dizziness
63
Nicotine
•
•
Eventually smokers will build up a
tolerance to nicotine and their bodies
will become physically dependent on it.
When smokers attempt to quit they will
experience:
1. ______________
3. ______________
2. ______________
4. ______________
64
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a
cigarette you experience:
Carbon MonoxideWhen carbon monoxide is
inhaled, it attaches itself to the
______________ in your red
blood cells. This prevents
oxygen from joining up with the
hemoglobin which causes
______________ of breath –
65
What’s in a cigarette?
• Carbon Monoxide increased risk
for High Blood Pressure, Heart
Disease and Arteriosclerosis
• ______________ – decreases
oxygen level in the body
66
What’s in a Cigarette?
With each puff of a cigarette:
_____:Thick, sticky dark fluid produced
when tobacco burns
•
Tar enters respiratory system
causing problems
•
Upper Respiratory System
(Trachea)
– Destroys cilia
– Cilia - Tiny ______ ________
___________ that move
mucus and debris out of
respiratory system
67
What’s in a cigarette?
TAR
• _________ Respiratory System (Lungs and
Alveoli)
– Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it from
moving normally
– Tar binds to __________blocking exchange
of oxygen and carbon monoxide
– Tar also contains ______________ (cancer
causing products) that are linked to cancer
of the mouth, lung and throat.
68
What’s in a cigarette?
4. Carcinogens
– cancer causing agents
– In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and
Tar, tobacco contains around 45 carcinogens.
69
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acetone – found in nail polish remover
Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye
Ammonia – a common household cleaner
Arsenic – used in rat poison
Benzene – found in rubber cement
Butane – used in lighter fluid
Cadmium – active component in battery acid
Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes
Formaldehyde – embalming fluid
Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
Lead – used in batteries
Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls
Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel
Nicotine – used as insecticide
Tar – material for paving roads
70
Toluene - used to manufacture paint
Pipe and Cigar Tobacco
• Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems.
• Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more ___ and
____________________ than cigarettes.
• Increased risk of _________________________cancers
1 cigar = _____________________(Nicotine)
71
Smokeless Tobacco
Chewing Tobacco
•
•
•
•
•
Tobacco that is cut into strips and
_____________ or stored in mouth
Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in mouth
Contains _______ carcinogens
2-3x as much nicotine/carcinogens
are absorbed due to storing in
mouth
___________________________
pre-cancer white spots inside
the mouth
Snuff
• Tobacco that is ground up into
fine grits and is snorted though
the nose
• Contains nicotine
– Absorbed through mucous
membranes in _________
• Contains ______ carcinogens
72
Long-Term Effect of
Tobacco Use
1. Cardiovascular disease – is a
disease of the _________ and
______________vessels.
• The chemicals of tobacco force the
heart to __________ harder to
deliver oxygen to the body.
73
Long-term effects
…therefore, the smoker is at a higher
risk of the following:
(1)________________________
(2)Heart _______ – a smoker is three
times more likely to suffer from a
heart attack than a non- smoker
(3)A _________attack is 5 to 10 times
more likely to kill a smoker than a
_________________
74
Long term effects
2. Respiratory disease
So just what is “smoker’s cough”???
As tar destroys __________, dust
particles and mucus accumulate in
the air passages, causing the smoker
to cough to try to clean out the air
passages.
75
Long Term effects
When coughing can no longer
keep the air passages clear, the
smoker eventually develops:
a. __________ Bronchitis – the
bronchial tubes are swollen
and clogged with mucus.
People with this disease
have a hard time filling their
lungs with air.
There is __ ________for this
disease
76
Long term effects
b. _______________________ –is a breathing disorder in which
the small sacs in the lungs lose their elasticity
• Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount
of puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema
• A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon
monoxide
• Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be
reversed or improved.
77
Long term effects
3. Cancer – tobacco use
is a major factor in
developing certain
cancers
• Lung cancer – one of
the most deadly form
of cancer. 87% of
deaths related to lung
cancer are related to
smoking.
78
Cancer
• Oral cancers – cancer of
the mouth, lips, throat,
and tongue
79
• The top picture is of severe cancer of the larynx, which
has surfaced on his neck and spread to his lymph glands.
Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords,
causing hoarseness or other changes in the voice.
80
Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the
mouth can be a first indicator of possible
mouth cancer
81
Tobacco use and
pregnancy
Chemicals can pass directly from the
mother to the ________ which can result
in:
• Increased __________ ______
• L___ b______ w_______
• Slow mental development
• ________________or still births
• Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to the
infant from breast milk
82
Passive smoking
• Nonsmokers who involuntarily breath side
stream smoke become passive smokers
• There is _______ as much tar and nicotine
in side stream smoke as in mainstream
smoke
• Side-stream smoke contains three times
as much CO as mainstream smoke
83
Passive smoking
• Each year passive smoking contributes to
150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and
pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to 26,000
new cases of asthma in previously unaffected
children
• ____________ and other allergies are often
made worse in the presence of tobacco smoke
• Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke
increases your risk of _______
__________________________________
84
Smoking and the Body
• Tobacco products can cause damage to
many body systems.
• www.whyquit.com
• All pictures were taken from the Surgeon
General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco
• http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/
sgranimation/welcome.html
85
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
• Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and
relax.
• Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others
that are in the room
– People may not want to hang out
– Growth & Development: Women who smoke
have LBW babies.
• Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste.
• Exercise and Fitness: Decreased Cardiovascular
endurance.
86
Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life
• Drugs: Produces _____________ and psychological
dependence.
• Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and
lung disease.
• Personal Health:
• Safety and First Aid: Major cause of ________
_______(smoking in bed)
• Environmental Health: Major source of indoor pollution.
• Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco
under 18 is illegal
• Financial Implications: Very costly
87
• 1,316 people die every day in
the united states due to
tobacco related illnesses!
88
Cost of Smoking
• On average, the price of tobacco products
is as follows:
– $_____.00 pack of cigarettes
– $_____.00 can of chewing tobacco
• How much money would you spend in 1
month if you smoked/chewed 1 pack a
day. ($______)
– 1 Year (_______)
– 10 years ($______)
– 25 years (_______)
$$$$$
89
The “TRUE” Cost of
Smoking
•Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with
your life.
THE “TRUE” COST OF SMOKING
1 Cigarette= _____ minutes of life
1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes
1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days
90
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER
QUITTING
Within ______ minutes of last cig:
• __________ Pressure and pulse rate returns to normal
• Body temp. of hands and feet increase to normal
Within ____hours:
• Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal
• Oxygen level in blood increases to normal
1 day:
• Chance of heart attack ________________
2 days:
• Ability to __________ and _______________ improves
3 days:
• Bronchial tubes relax
91
• Lung capacity increases
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S
BODY AFTER QUITTING
2 weeks to 3 months:
• Circulation improves
• Walking becomes easier
• Lung function increases up to 30%
1 - 9 months:
• Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue,
shortness of breath _______________
• ____________ re-grow, increasing ability to
handle mucus, thus reducing risk of infection
• Body’s overall energy level increases
92
CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER
QUITTING
5 years:
Risk of developing lung cancer or
coronary heart disease decreases
dramatically
10 Years:
Precancerous cells are replaced
Risk of developing lung cancer is nearly
the same as for a ___________________
93