HOLT
World
Geography
Today
CHAPTER 5
Human Geography
Section 1: Population Geography
Section 2: Cultural Geography
Section 3: World Languages and Religions
1
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 1
Population Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Objectives:
 How do geographers study population?
 What are some important trends in world population?
2
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
Section 1
World
Geography
Today
Population Geography
Studying population:
 Geographers study relationships between populations
and environments, using:
 maps
 graphs
 population pyramids
 spatial perspective
 Key statistics:
 population density
 population distribution
3
 population change
 natural increase
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
Population Geography
World
Geography
Today
 Population Density- average
number of people in an area
 Demography-Statistical
study of human population.
Number form
4
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SECTION 1
Population Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Question:
What technological
improvements have led to the
world’s population growth?
5
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 1
Population Geography
World
Geography
Today
Reasons for Population Increases
medical advances
lead to better health
care, which allows
people to live longer.
6
agricultural
advances lead to
increased food
production, which
allows more people to
live in an area.
sanitation advances
lead to cleaner
living conditions,
which help people
stay healthy.
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
What is Population
Distribution?
World
Geography
Today
 Where more or less
concentrated population
density occurs over the
Earth.
 People live in areas that are
seen as “favorable” for the
existence.
7
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
Effecting Population Distribution World
Geography
Today
 BirthrateAverage number of births
each year.
 Death rate Average number of deaths per
year
 Migration- Process of
moving from one place to another
 Emigrants- People who
leave a country to live in another
country
IMMIGRANTS- People
who come to a country
8
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
9
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Push and Pull Factors
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
PUSH FACTORS
PULL FACTORS
Environment
Floods, droughts,
fire…hazards
“bad” soil-infertile
Mild climate, fertile
soil,” calm”
Economic
Loss of job, no room
for promotion
Job, money, security
in money.
10
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
Push and Pull Factors
Continued…
Push Factors
11
World
Geography
Today
Pull Factors
POLTICAL
Loss of freedom,
terrorism, war,
Do not feel safe
FREEDOM, feeling
of safety, peace,
Democratic rights
SOCIAL
Crime, ethnic
tension, language,
religion tension,
Religious ties,
Ethnic ties, common
values
Family
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
12
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
13
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 1
Population Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
World population trends:
 World population is increasing rapidly.
 Economic development results in lower population
growth rates.
 Many less-developed nations are gradually reducing
population growth.
 Future population projections vary, but populationrelated challenges are inevitable.
14
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SECTION 2
Cultural Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Question:
How would you describe the
following traits of your own
culture?
15
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 2
Cultural Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Objectives:
 How do geographers study culture?
 How do cultures change over time?
16
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 2
Cultural Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Studying culture:
 culture traits—activities and behaviors common to
groups of people
 culture regions—areas in which people share culture
traits
17
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 2
Cultural Geography
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
How cultures change
 Cultures change through general processes such as
migration, war, and trade.
 Key concepts:
 innovation—adoption of new and useful ideas
 diffusion—spread of ideas
 globalization—worldwide adoption of culture traits
 traditionalism—maintenance of traditional practices
18
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
HOLT
SECTION 2
World
Geography
Today
Cultural Geography
government
religion
Example:
democratic system,
elected officials at
local, state, and
national levels
education
language
Culture Traits
economy
food
housing
19
clothing
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 3
World Languages
and Religions
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Objectives:
 What is the geography of the world’s languages?
 What are the three main types of religions that
geographers identify?
20
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 3
World Languages
and Religions
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Geography of languages:
 Languages have spatial characteristics, linked to
specific regions and peoples.
 Languages are divided into families and branches.
 Geographers study the origins and spread of
languages.
21
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
Section 3
World Languages
and Religions
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Types of religions:
 ethnic—focus on one ethnic group; examples:
Hinduism, Judaism
 animist—focus on spirits and forces of nature; often
have ethnic basis
 universalizing—seek worldwide following;
examples: Islam, Christianity
22
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON