HOLT World Geography Today CHAPTER 5 Human Geography Section 1: Population Geography Section 2: Cultural Geography Section 3: World Languages and Religions 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 1 Population Geography HOLT World Geography Today Objectives: How do geographers study population? What are some important trends in world population? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT Section 1 World Geography Today Population Geography Studying population: Geographers study relationships between populations and environments, using: maps graphs population pyramids spatial perspective Key statistics: population density population distribution 3 population change natural increase HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT Population Geography World Geography Today Population Density- average number of people in an area Demography-Statistical study of human population. Number form 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SECTION 1 Population Geography HOLT World Geography Today Question: What technological improvements have led to the world’s population growth? 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT SECTION 1 Population Geography World Geography Today Reasons for Population Increases medical advances lead to better health care, which allows people to live longer. 6 agricultural advances lead to increased food production, which allows more people to live in an area. sanitation advances lead to cleaner living conditions, which help people stay healthy. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT What is Population Distribution? World Geography Today Where more or less concentrated population density occurs over the Earth. People live in areas that are seen as “favorable” for the existence. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT Effecting Population Distribution World Geography Today BirthrateAverage number of births each year. Death rate Average number of deaths per year Migration- Process of moving from one place to another Emigrants- People who leave a country to live in another country IMMIGRANTS- People who come to a country 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT World Geography Today 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Push and Pull Factors HOLT World Geography Today PUSH FACTORS PULL FACTORS Environment Floods, droughts, fire…hazards “bad” soil-infertile Mild climate, fertile soil,” calm” Economic Loss of job, no room for promotion Job, money, security in money. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT Push and Pull Factors Continued… Push Factors 11 World Geography Today Pull Factors POLTICAL Loss of freedom, terrorism, war, Do not feel safe FREEDOM, feeling of safety, peace, Democratic rights SOCIAL Crime, ethnic tension, language, religion tension, Religious ties, Ethnic ties, common values Family HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT World Geography Today 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT World Geography Today 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 1 Population Geography HOLT World Geography Today World population trends: World population is increasing rapidly. Economic development results in lower population growth rates. Many less-developed nations are gradually reducing population growth. Future population projections vary, but populationrelated challenges are inevitable. 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON SECTION 2 Cultural Geography HOLT World Geography Today Question: How would you describe the following traits of your own culture? 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 2 Cultural Geography HOLT World Geography Today Objectives: How do geographers study culture? How do cultures change over time? 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 2 Cultural Geography HOLT World Geography Today Studying culture: culture traits—activities and behaviors common to groups of people culture regions—areas in which people share culture traits 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 2 Cultural Geography HOLT World Geography Today How cultures change Cultures change through general processes such as migration, war, and trade. Key concepts: innovation—adoption of new and useful ideas diffusion—spread of ideas globalization—worldwide adoption of culture traits traditionalism—maintenance of traditional practices 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT SECTION 2 World Geography Today Cultural Geography government religion Example: democratic system, elected officials at local, state, and national levels education language Culture Traits economy food housing 19 clothing HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 3 World Languages and Religions HOLT World Geography Today Objectives: What is the geography of the world’s languages? What are the three main types of religions that geographers identify? 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 3 World Languages and Religions HOLT World Geography Today Geography of languages: Languages have spatial characteristics, linked to specific regions and peoples. Languages are divided into families and branches. Geographers study the origins and spread of languages. 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Section 3 World Languages and Religions HOLT World Geography Today Types of religions: ethnic—focus on one ethnic group; examples: Hinduism, Judaism animist—focus on spirits and forces of nature; often have ethnic basis universalizing—seek worldwide following; examples: Islam, Christianity 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON