U.S. History
Ms. Areces
Chapter 3 Guided Notes
The English Colonies
Section 1: The Southern Colonies
Settlement of Jamestown
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1605: King of England granted a company of English merchants a request to found
(establish) a settlement in a region called _________________________________
o They formed a new joint-stock company called the
____________________________________________________________
April 26, 1607: the first 105 colonists sent by the London Company arrived in America
o May 14: they founded __________________________________, the first
permanent English settlement
The colonists were ____________________________________ to live in America, so
many of them died
o Most men were _______________________________________ with no farming
experience or useful skills like carpentry
o The land was also surrounded by _______________________________ full of
disease-carrying mosquitoes
o Two-thirds of the colonists had _______________________ by winter
1608: _________________________________________ took control and build a fort—
this helped make the colony a lot better
o He forced settlers to work and initiated a system of rules that
_______________________________________ hard workers with food
They also received help from the powerful Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans
after Smith made an agreement with them
o The Powhatan brought food to the colonists and taught them to plant corn
1609: 400 more settlers arrived in Jamestown
o Disease and famine hit again that winter—the colonists called this period
“____________________________________________________________”
1610: Only 60 colonists were alive
Jamestown failed to make a profit until ________________________________________
introduced a new type of tobacco that sold well in England
1614: John Rolfe married _____________________________________, the daughter of
the Powhatan leader
o The marriage ______________________________ the colonists form more
peaceful relations with the Powhatan
o But Pocahontas died three years later in England while visiting Rolfe
1622: colonists killed a Powhatan leader, and the Natives retaliated by attacking the
settlers later that year
U.S. History
Ms. Areces
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o Fighting between the Powhatan and the colonists continued for the next
___________________________________
1624: the English Crown canceled the London Company’s charter because they could not
protect its colonists
Virginia then became a __________________________________________ and existed
under the authority of the king
Daily Life in Virginia
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At first people lived in scattered farms instead of towns
Tobacco farmers established large farms called ________________________________
o It was so valuable that it was sometimes used as _________________________
The London Company had also started the _______________________________ system
o Colonists who paid their own way to Virginia received __________ acres of land
o They could then earn an additional 50 acres for every additional person brought
from England
o Because of this, rich colonists who brought servants or relatives to Virginia
_________________________ large amounts of land
Because colonists in Virginia suffered very high death rates, they often had labor
shortages (not enough people to do work)
o Majority of workers were ___________________________________ servants—
they signed a contract to work for four to seven years for those who paid for their
journey to America
1619: a ______________________________ ship brought the first Africans to Virginia
o Some were servants and became farmers when their contracts ended
o Others were slaves
Eventually, the demand for workers was soon greater than the supply of indentured
servants
o Plus, _________________________________________________________
o Because of this, the people of Virginia turned to slave labor
 By the mid-1600s, most Africans were kept in life-long slavery
The economy of Jamestown expanded as plantations grew
o Officials began to ask for __________________________________!
Poor colonists were not happy about this
o They were also unhappy about the fact that they were unprotected from Native
American attack
1676: a group of former indentured servants led by Nathaniel Bacon attacked some
friendly Native Americans
o He opposed the governor’s policy of trade with the Natives
o He also wanted the ________________________________________
When the governor tried to stop him, Bacon and his followers attacked and burned
Jamestown in an uprising known as Bacon’s _________________________________
o At one point, he controlled a lot of the colony
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Ms. Areces
o But he died of fever, and the rebellion ended…
Other Southern Colonies
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Many English Catholics came to America for religious freedom because they could not
practice their religion freely in England
o Remember
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________!
o Plus, English people were scared that the Catholics would team up with the
Spanish and/or French
Maryland
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1620s: George Calvert asked King Charles I for a charter to establish a new colony in
America for __________________________________
1632: Charles issued the charter to Calvert’s son, Cecilius
o He named the colony _______________________________ to honor England’s
queen, Henrietta Maria
o He intended for the colony to be a _______________________ for English
Catholics
o It would also be a __________________________________ colony—the owners
controlled the government instead of the king
1634: 200 English Catholics came to Maryland
o Wealthy landowners, servants, craftspeople, farmers
o They ________________________ from the people of Jamestown—raised corn,
cattle, and hogs to have enough to eat
 They also began to grow tobacco for profit
Protestants also began moving their in the 1640s
o Soon, religious ______________________________________
Lord Baltimore (Cecilius) presented the
_____________________________________________________________________,
which made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians
o This was the first law ______________________________ religious tolerance in
the English colonies
The Carolinas
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1663: English King Charles II gave the land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to
eight of his supporters
At first, it was one colony
o But the settlements were too far apart to govern so they became
_______________ and _______________ Carolina in 1712
North Carolina was mostly farmers moved south from Virginia
Europeans settled South Carolina
U.S. History
Ms. Areces
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o But it was managed poorly
1719: proprietary government was overthrown
1729: English Crown purchased North and South Carolina, making them
________________________________________
Georgia
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1732: King George II granted a charter to ______________________________________
and other trustees to found Georgia
o He was hoping that it would shield the English from the Spanish in Florida
Oglethorpe hoped the Georgia could be a place where people in debt who were jailed
could start a new life
o He wanted small farms instead of huge plantations—so he
____________________________ slavery (and other strict rules)
People got tired of the rules and the British government made it a royal colony with new
rules (1752)
o Soon, it was filled with ______________________________________________
Economies of the Southern Colonies
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Economies depended on ___________________________________
Also exported materials for building ships (raw materials)
Farms and plantations did well because of the __________________________________
and long growing season
o Many farms grew ______________________________ that were sold for profit
o Ex: tobacco, rice, and indigo (a plant used to make blue dye)
Cash crops meant a lot of hard labor—by the 1700s, enslaved Africans were the
___________ source of labor
Slavery was a viciously brutal condition for many inhabitants of the southern colonies
Most of the southern colonies passed ____________________________, or laws to
control the slaves
o Ex: South Carolina outlawed slaves from holding meetings or owning weapons to
prevent a revolt
o Ex: Some colonies did not allow their slaveholders to free their slaves