Unit Two
The Company
Man
CONTENTS
Lead-in
Text Study
Exercises
Oral
Activities
LEAD-IN
The author:
Ellen
Goodman
 Ellen
Goodman (1941-), journalist and columnist
who writes for Newsweek, the Detroit Free Press,
and the Boston Globe.
 graduated (cum laude) from Radcliffe College. She
was awarded the Pulitzer prize for Distinguished
Commentary in 1980. She began her working
career in 1963. She was named newspaper woman
of the year by the New England Press Association in
1968, and columnist of the year by the New
England Women's Press Association in 1975.
 Since
1979, Goodman has published five
collections of her columns dealing with
contemporary themes:
 Close to Home;
 At Large;
 Keeping in Touch;
 Making Sense;
 Value Judgments.
 Her Pulitzer Prize winning commentary appears in
more than 375 newspapers.
 Goodman
has a strong interest in social changes. She
has discussed family, politics, ethics and male and
female relationships.
 Her columns have won vast numbers of readers for
their keen, insightful observations and clever wit. She
writes about what is in the news, on her mind, and of
concern to women and men across the country.
The

Company Man
This essay is taken from Close to Home. It describes a
workaholic, the vice president of a company, who works
himself to death and leaves behind a wife and three adult
children.
T YPE A & T YPE B PERSONALITY
Friedman
and Rosenman (1959)
conducted studies on the link between
stress and heart disease. One of the
outcomes was the discovery of Type A
and Type B personalities.
TYPE A
People
who are classified as having Type A
personality have characteristics like:
highly active, competitive, aggressive,
hostile, impatient, fast talking and
thinking.
TYPE A
They have a sense of time urgency, find it difficult to
relax, and often become impatient and angry when
they get delayed (or if they are going to be late) or are
around other people whom they view as incompetent.
It is assumed that Type A people tend to have more
risk of heart disease than Type B people.
Type B
People who are classified as having Type B personality are
better at relaxing without feeling guilty and working without
becoming anxious or agitated. Some of the other
characteristics include being more relaxed about time (they
don't get overly stressed about being late), and are not
easily angered.
TYPE B

You probably know people who just seemed to be relaxed
people who don’t get angry often; these are the
characteristics of a Type B.
They are the opposite of Type A people.
Which
do you generally belong to,
Type A or Type B personality?

What pressures do you think are company staff under?
Name a few of them.
1. Pressure from work：not enough rest; endless work
to fulfill even on holidays.
 2. Pressure from competition of new staff：competent
new comers in the company bring about great pressure
for the present ones.
 3. Pressure of one’s own further development: these
cause pressure and makes some white-collar workers
worried. Some even recharge themselves while
working.
 4. Pressure from feeling: unsatisfying problems in
family. Some are faced with divorce, marriage,
remarry. All these impose pressures, because they
make it difficult to concentrate on one’s work.
 5. Pressure from interpersonal relationship: office
philosophy

TEXT COMPREHENSION
Exercise II (P23)
 Answer the following questions.
 What have you learned from the first sentence?
Why are these adverbs “finally and precisely”
used? Why does the author repeat it?

Key: Concise as it is, it provides information of “who”, “what”,
“how” and “when”.
“Finally” suggests the doomed ending of the workaholic.
“Precisely” emphasizes his devotion to work, as he died on a
Sunday, a day when people are supposed to take a rest.
By repeating the author proves the tragic nature of Phil’s death. It
reveals the personality of the man and implies that the man is
destined/doomed to be exhausted.
1.What was the man’s position in the
company? Why does the author report
it in detail?
Key: He was one of the six vicepresidents and one of the three
possible successors to the president.
The author reports it in detail to show
how successful he had been and
importantly, to reveal how fierce the
competition was in the company.
2. What do you learn from paragraph 5?
Key: To Phil, Saturday is not a day to
relax, but only a time to change to a
casual wear.
3.What did Phil’s wife mean when she
answered “I already have”?
Key: She meant to say that Phil was so
engrossed in work that he neglected his
family. She had already lost him to his
work for many years.
4. What is meant by the sentence “she
would be well taken care of” in
Paragraph 8?
Key: It means that the company Phil
worked for would provide some
financial help for his wife so as to
relieve her of any possible worries
about finance.
5. Why is the phrase “dearly beloved”
repeated when referring to his children
in Paragraph 9?
Key: The phrase “dearly beloved” is
repeated to create a sarcastic effect for
his relationship with his children was
far from being close or intimate and he
devoted too little to his children.
6. What do you think is the relationship
like between Phil and the three
children?
Key: Successful as he was as a corporate
man, Phil was a failing father. His
eldest son knew so little about him that
he had to research his father by asking
the neighbors what he was like. His
daughter had nothing to say when
staying along with him. And his
younger
son,
also
his
favorite,
remarked bitterly that his father and
he only boarded at the home. The
relationship between Phil and his
children was distant and estranged.
7. What is the implication of the ending?
Key: It implies the story of Phil sees no
end: He will soon be replaced by an
equally hardworking guy who may
following in his steps and repeat the
same tragedy. Bosses are always on the
lookout for workaholics and they are
never in short supply. The ending is full
of sarcasm and bitterness.
8. Can you raise some aspects in Phil’s
life to illustrate his being a workaholic?
Key: over-long working time, no hobby,
monotonous diet, estranged
relationship with family members…
Do you think it is a sheer waste of life to
die so young for working so hard? How
can you learn from the story of Phil?
(open)
Structural Analysis
Paragraph (s)
Main idea
1
The introductory part which reports the sudden
death of Phil and his devotion to work.
2-6
This part reports how devoted the man was to
his work.
7-13
This part describes Phil’s role in his family.
14-16
This is the end of the essay. After the cause of
Phil’s death being restated, the author goes on
to report the company president’s inquiry for his
successor.
LANGUAGE POINTS
to death
used after an adjective or a verb to emphasize the
action, state, or feeling mentioned
e.g. worried to death; frightened to death; bored to death;
starve to death; put to death
obituary
1) n. [C] a published notice of death,
sometimes with a brief account of the dead
person’s life.
2) adj.
e.g. an obituary notice 讣告
FUNERAL NOTICE

CANSON, Joyce Rea
Sept 5, 1941-Oct 12, 2006… Mother of Robert
Beverly, Richard Beverly, and Sheila Daniels.
Mother-in-law to Sheryl Beverly, Kim
Beverly, and Darius Daniels. Beloved
“Granny” to Robert, Anjalee, Sheila,
Clarissa, Raven, and Kathryn. Sister to
Charlotte Smith, Gloria Johnson (husband
Ronald), and the late Jimmy Thorntona (late
wife Polly). Daughter to the late Charles
Canson and Emma Johnson. Survived by
many cousins, nieces, nephews, and good
friends. Friends and family are invited to
attend a celebration of Joyce’s life,
Tuesday, October 17, 2006 at 12 pm at Sierra
2 Center, 2791 24th Street, Sacramento, CA
95818.
coronary thrombosis obstruction of a coronary
artery by a thrombus, often leading to
destruction of heart muscle （心脏的）冠状动脉血
栓症
. …one of six vice-presidents…
1) 汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需
视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择vice,
associate, assistant, deputy等词。相应而言
，vice使用面较广。
副总统（或大学副校长）
vice president
副主席（或系副主任）
vice chairman
副总理
vice premier
副部长
vice minister
副省长
vice governor
副市长
vice mayor
副领事
vice consul
副校长（中小学）
vice principal
2) 行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的
词表达，最为常用的英语词是 associate 。
副教授
associate professor
副研究员
associate research fellow
副主编
associate managing editor
副审判长
associate judge
副主任医师
associate senior doctor
3) 有些英语职位头衔，如manager, headmaster,其副
职头衔可冠以assistant 。
副总经理
assistant/deputy general manager,
assistant/deputy managing director
大堂副理（宾馆）
assistant manager
4) 以director 表示的职位的副职常以deputy
director表示。此外，secretary, mayor, dean
等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy。
副秘书长
deputy secretary-general
副书记
deputy secretary
副市长
deputy mayor
副院长
deputy dean
conceivably (adv.): in a manner that can
be imagined or believed.
e.g. If we persist in working that hard,
conceivably we’ll harvest a promising
progress in the future.
a. conceivable
e.g. 难以想象这么小的孩子能跑这么快。
It is hardly conceivable that such a
small/little kid can run so fast.
她千方百计地赚钱。
She earned money by every conceivable
means
v. conceive
1) A patriot never conceives of betraying
his/her motherland in any case.
 to imagine; think
2) To gain an upper hand in the cutthroat
competitiveness, we have to conceive a
plan to make ourselves superior.
 to form or develop in the mind; map out
3) I couldn’t conceive the implication of
that sentence, although he explained
again.
 to comprehend mentally; understand
4) She was told she couldn’t conceive.
Hence she got no chance to be a mother.
 to become pregnant with (a child)
executive
1) n.
2) a. of, relating to, capable of, or suited for
carrying out or executing
e.g. An efficient executive must possess great
executive ability.
execute
v.
1) A government executes the decisions of the
ruling party.
♠
(fml) to put into effect; carry out
2) The victim’s relatives expected to execute the
murder.
♠
to put to death, especially by carrying out a
lawful sentence.
overweight a.
fat,
obese,
stout,
pudgy,
plump,
chubby,portly
 These
adjectives mean having an
abundance and often an excess of flesh.
 The most neutral term is overweight.
1) “Fat” is the most usual and direct
adjective to describe people with excess
flesh, but it is not polite.
e.g. That guy is not merely overweight but
utterly fat.
2) “Obese”:[o'bis] (fml or medical) (of
people) very fat (Doctors use obese to
describe people who are so overweight
that they are unhealthy.)
e.g. Obese patients are advised to change
their diet.
3) “Stout” is sometimes used as a polite
term to describe fatness. In stricter
application “stout” indicates overall
heaviness of the body. (身体胖得匀称)
e.g. Even slim girls can become stout
housewives.
4) “Pudgy” (infml) means short and fat.
e.g. His pudgy fingers look really funny.
5) To be polite, we can use “plump”
applies to a slight or attractive fullness
of figure.
e.g. Everybody loves Rita, the plump, rosy
little girl.
6) “Chubby” indicates pleasant roundness
in babies and cheeks.
7) portly: (literary) fat and round — used especially
e.g. a about
chubby
toddler;
chubby cheeks
an old
man
e.g. The bishop was a portly middle-aged gentleman.
EXERCISES
1. It is impolite to describe people with
fatflesh using
overweight
excess
____, but ___________
is okay, for it’s neutral.
2. Doctors suggest people have less fast
food, in orderobese
not to be ______.
3. There was a time whenplump/stout
the ____________
figure caught on.
pudgy
4. Thechubby
______ kid has funny
_______ fingers.
survive v. live longer than sb. else, usually sb. closely
related to you
Practice
那老太太的子女都先她而去世了。
The old lady has survived all her children.
. …DOING ENOUGH ODD JOBS TO STAY…
a.
1) What an odd desk! We’ve never seen it.
★
strange
2) 1, 3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers.
★
(of numbers) that can not be divided
by two; not even
3) She is wearing two odd shoes.
★
Of one of a pair, set, series, etc when
the other(s) is/are missing
4) She made a toy out of odd pieces of
the cloth.
★
extra; surplus; left over
5) Twenty-odd years later, you will be
middle-aged.
★ (usu placed directly after a number) a
little more than
6) He takes some odd bit of exercises, but
nothing regular.
★ occasional; not regular or fixed
odd jobs
small jobs of various types, usu done for
other people
odds (assignment)
. …THE FIFTY-ONE-YEAR OLD DECEASED HAD MEANT MUCH
…
dead, deceased, departed, late,
inanimate
dead常表语，指“死的”；
deceased指人“最近死的”，多用于法律；
departed指“最近死的”，多用于宗教，是委婉语，
仅指死者；
late“已故的”，多用于刚死的人；
inanimate意为“没有生命的，没有生气的”。
EXERCISES
1. The tiger has been
dead_____ for at least two
days according to the expert.
2. Thedeceased
________ man left no will or legacy.
3. In a funeral, the priest prays departed
for the
________.
late
4. The story
is about the ____ hero. inanimate
inanimate
5. Their _________ conversation is about the
_________ stone.
. … NEED HIM TO STRAIGHTEN OUT THE FINANCES —
THE STOCK OPTIONS AND ALL THAT.
straighten out
♣
straighten sth out
To settle or resolve sth; to remove
difficulties from sth
e.g. With mutual help, we can straighten
each other’s confusion ASAP.
♣
straighten sb out
(infml) to remove doubt or ignorance in
one’s mind
e.g. Traditionally a teacher is expected to
straighten puzzled students out.
1)
THE FINANCES
the stock options
and all that
and all that (jazz, rubbish, etc)
(idm) (infml) and other similar things
e.g. I got fed up with mathematics for its
figures, tables, formulae and all that
staff.
. …A HEART-ATTACK NATURAL.
(n.) person considered ideally suited for a role,
a job, an activity, etc
e.g. The black are regarded as naturals for
sports.
He doesn’t spend much time in learning
playing violin, for he seems to be a natural
for
it.make inquiries about his replacement.
. …to
v. demand, require, claim, request
1). demand表示强烈要求。若主语是人，包含依据权
利要求；若主语是物，含义为需求或要求，可直接接
宾语。
2). require虽然有时可以与demand换用，但
require的确切含义应当是对所要求的事要绝对服
从，有时这种要求带有法律的或规章的强迫性。
3). claim要求承认自己对某物的所有权。
4). request指“通过正式手续或非常有礼貌、客气地
请求”， 常用于 “恐怕对方由于种种原因不能答应
”的场合。
EXERCISES
1. The boss _________
demandedthat Mary finish the
project before next Monday.
2. You are sincerely ________
requestedto be present at
the gathering.
3. Every citizen may _____
claim the protection of
the law.
required to attend classes.
4. Students are _________
Exercise
He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless,
of course, you think about a monthly golf game that
way. (Paragraph 4)
Paraphrase:
He had dedicated all his time to his work and had no
hobby at all, except that he played a golf game every
month, which cannot be taken as a hobby anyway.
She had, according to her daughter, given up trying to
compete with his work years ago, when the children
were small. (Paragraph 7)
Paraphrase:
Their daughter said that, when the children were still
small, her father had become a company man and her
mother had given up any attempt to keep him at home.
1) widow n.→ widowed a.
e.g. 她守寡十年了。
She has been a widow for ten years.
一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。
It’s really not easy for a widowed mother to
rear up four children.
2) nerve n. → nervous a. → nerveless a.
e.g. 当赛车手要有胆量。
It takes nerve to be a racing driver.
她胆怯地一笑。
She gave a nervous laugh.
刀子从她那无力的手中落下。
The knife fell from her nerveless fingers.
3) precise a. →precision n. → precisely adv.
e.g. 那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。
It was found at the precise spot where she had
left it.
你的报告不够准确。
Your report lacks precision.
那正是我的意思。
That is precisely what I mean.
4) compete v. → competitive a. → competition n.
e.g. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
Several companies are competing (against / with
each other) for the contract / to gain the
contract.
我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。
Our firm is no longer competitive in world
markets.
他获诗歌比赛第一名。
He came first in the poetry competition.
5) execute v. → execution n.
e.g. 他因叛国罪被处死。
He was executed for treason.
这些计划最终得以实施。
The plans were finally put into execution.
6) preside v.→ president n. → presidency n.
e.g. 首相主持内阁会议。
The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the
Cabinet.
他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。
He was made president of the cricket club.
他获选连任总统。
He was elected to a second presidency.
7) marry v. → marital a. → marriage n.
e.g. 哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼?
Which priest is going to marry them?
拉丽莎40几岁，徐娘半老，爱喝酒，婚姻也不如意。
A fading woman in her 40s, Larisa had both
drinking and marital problems.
她的第一次婚姻维持了五年。
Her first marriage ended after five years.
8) company n. → accompany v. → companion n.
e.g. 观其友则知其人。
You may know a man by the company he keeps.
我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
I must ask you to accompany me to the police
station.
狗是忠实的伙伴。
A dog is a faithful companion.
Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate
phrasal verb or collocation from the text.
1) The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fatal
died of
disease. Thousands of people in Asia have ________
it in the past two years.
2) Chinese fans often have to ________
stay up
to watch the live
transmission of European football matches.
3) Sometimes I don’t understand Jeremy; he seems to
cares for
have hurt the feelings of everyone who __________
him including his wife.
4) I doubt that they are able to get the problems
__________________
straightened out
before the deadline.
5) It was curious that the children should have ___________
picked out
their grandparents easily from the old photographs.
die of: stop living or come to the end of one’s life because
of some disease
e.g. 现在有很多人死于癌症。
Nowadays many people die of cancer.
stay up: remain awake; not go to bed
e.g. 她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视
节目。
She promised the children they could stay up for
their favourite TV programme.
care for: like or love
e.g. 他深深地爱着她。
He cares for her deeply.
straighten out: deal with a problem or a confused situation
and make it better, especially by organizing
things
e.g.
我们会把情况弄清的。
We’ll get the case straightened out.
pick out: recognize sb. or sth. in a group of people or things
e.g. 很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。
It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he
is very tall.
1. He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at
3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.
Synonym: exactly
2. It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis — I think
that was it — but everyone among his friends and
acquaintances knew it instantly.
Synonym: immediately
3. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they
said to each other and shook their heads — and thought
for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
Antonyms: slacker, idler, loafer
4. He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old,
a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who
worked in an office before marrying and mothering.
Synonym: outlived
5. In the day and a half before the funeral, he went
around the neighborhood researching his father, asking
the neighbors what he was like. They were
embarrassed.
Synonyms: disconcerted, abashed
6. At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president
told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-oneyear-old deceased had meant much to the company
and would be missed and would be hard to replace.
Antonym:
living
7. Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.
Antonyms: underweight, slim
8. You could have picked him out in a minute from a
lineup.
Synonym: queue
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive
1) Present Perfect
The present perfect expresses an action that is still
going on or that has stopped recently, but still has an
influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
Use of present perfect
putting emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
the action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
the action that has stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
the action that has taken place once, never or several
times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
2) Present Perfect Progressive
The present perfect progressive expresses an action
that has recently stopped or is still going on. It puts
emphasis on the duration or course of the action.
Use of present perfect progressive
putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
(not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
the action that has recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
The present perfect progressive focuses on
course of the activity or event which may or may
be finished.
The present perfect focuses on the result of
activity or event, or just the fact that something
been achieved.
the
not
the
has
PAY ATTENTION
1. 现在完成时表示动作从过去持续到现在不与具体的过去时间
连用。
 They held a sports meeting last week.
 The sports meeting has lasted for two weeks.


2. just,already,yet,before,ever,never, up to these few
days/weeks/months/years/present(now), so far 此类副
词或短语通常强调动作已经完成或者对现在产生的影响，常与
现在完成时连用。
eg.Have you _____been
ever
to Japan?
I have _____
just finished my homework.
already
I have finished my homework ______.
yet
I haven’t finished my homework ____.
3. 现在完成时表动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现
在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常
与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.
 Mary has been ill for three days.
 Mary has been ill since three days ago.

短暂性动词也称做终止性动词、非延续性动词
或瞬间动词，表示动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就
结束的动作．
常见的短暂性动词有：come, go, arrive,
reach, see, hear, close, open, leave, begin, start,
lose, buy, fall, join, die, become, borrow, get up
等．
延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或
状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。
用法：
１、它们可以用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结
果还存在．
e.g. He has come back.
The film has begun.
2、这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连
用，但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以
用表示一段时间的状语来修饰．
e.g. I haven’t heard from Uncle Wang for a long time.
We haven’t seen him since 1992.
She hasn’t left home all her life.
3、还可改用一般过去时来表达．
e.g. He came back a week ago.
4、也可用“It is ﹢一段时间﹢since…”句
型
来表达．
e.g. It is a week since he came back.
非延续性动词可以转换成延续性动词
buy ------ have,
borrow ----- keep,
put on ------ wear,
catch/get a cold ------ have a cold,
come/go/become ------ be.
4. 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten
years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

5. 大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同
于现在完成时的句子。
I
have been writing a book.（动作还将继续
下去）

我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）

我已经写了一本书。

They have been building a bridge.

他们一直在造一座桥。

They have built a bridge.

他们造了一座桥。
6. 表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have known him for years.

我认识他已经好几年了。

* I have been knowing...

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love
爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌等。

Practice
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
present perfect or present perfect progressive.
____________________
been playing
1) I’m pleased to say that the team have
_______________
/ have played (play) well all season.
We can use either the present perfect progressive or
the present perfect to talk about the activities or
events that are repeated again and again until now.
_____________________________
been putting / has put
2) In recent years, the company has
(put) a lot of money into developing advanced
technology.
3) They ___________________
have pulled down (pull) down most of the houses
in this street, but they ___________________
haven’t touched (not touch)
the old shop at the corner yet.
4) I _____________________
have been waiting (wait) for the prices of the
houses to come down, but I think I _____________
have waited (wait)
too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.
5) I __________________
have just picked (just pick) ten pounds of
strawberries! I ____________________________________
have grown / have been growing (grow)
strawberries for years but I _________________
have never had (never
have) such a good crop before.
6) It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky
_____________________________
has been getting / has got (get) steadily darker and the
has been rising / has risen (rise). I’m afraid the
wind _____________________________
has come (come) to an end.
fine spell ___________
We can use either the present perfect progressive or
the present perfect to talk about an action which began
in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.
been (be) a junior clerk for three years.
__________
7) Peter has
Lately he ___________________
has been looking (look) for a better post but so
far he ______________
hasn’t found (not find) anything.
8) Ann ___________
has failed (fail) her driving test three times because
she’s so bad at reversing. But she has
got (get) a bit
________
better at it.
 1.
如果你不把每月打次高尔夫球算作是业余
爱好的话，他就没有什么工作以外的“业余
爱好”可言了。
 2.“这些年来他不在身边”，她一定早就放弃
了曾经有过的对丈夫的深深牵挂。
 3. 就是他还想方设法把父亲从工作中“抓”
出来，让父亲疼爱自己，待在家里。
 4. 在葬礼上，60岁的公司总裁对48岁的寡妇
说，她那51岁的亡夫对公司非常重要，人们
将怀念他，他是无法取代的。
Translate the following sentences into English.
我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10
个小时以上。 (workaholic)
A workaholic is a person who works obsessively and
finds it difficult to stop.
My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he
works for over ten hours each day all the year round.
Practice：
许多日本人都是工作狂。
Many Japanese people are workaholics.
他终生醉心于工作，天天从早画到晚。
He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to
dusk seven days a week.
校长十分注重课外活动。他认为，课外活动有助于培养学
生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣。 (extracurricular)
Extracurricular activities are the part outside the
regular course of work or studies at a school or
college.
The principal attaches much importance to
extracurricular activities and he believes that they
will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in
the external world.
Practice：
她参加了许多课外活动，如音乐﹑ 运动﹑ 戏剧。
She’s involved in many extracurricular activities,
such as music, sport and drama.
星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，接着
赶着搭出租车去上班。 (grab)
To grab sth. means to have or take (sth.), esp. in a
casual or hasty manner.
He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi
to go to work every Monday morning.
Practice：
咱们赶快吃点三明治就去看电视吧。
Let’s grab a quick sandwich and watch TV.
随便找个地方坐，别客气。
Grab a seat and make yourself at home.
没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱。 (replace)
replace sb. / sth.: take the place of (sb. / sth.)
Nothing can replace the profoundest love in one’s
heart of hearts.
Practice：
机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。
Robots are replacing people on assembly lines.
有什么东西能代替母爱吗?
Can anything replace a mother’s love?
他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经做了近十年
出色的副总裁。(natural n.)
natural: person considered ideally suited for a role,
a job, an activity, etc.
He is considered a natural for the post of the
president, for he has been an excellent vicepresident for almost ten years.
Practice：
他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选。
He’s a natural for the role of Lear.
她不用学跑步技巧，她天生就擅长跑步。
She doesn’t have to learn how to run: she’s a natural.
 他是一个经典人物，因为他是工作累死的。
他们都相信，假如他能多活5年的话，将自然
被提拔为一把手。他一直被誉为同事们的典
范。他一周工作6天，一天工作10多个小时。
他的兴趣只限于工作。当然，他偶尔锻炼一
下，以保持身体健康。他将任何形式的娱乐
活动都视为浪费时间。他太忙，没有时间和
孩子待在一起，结果跟孩子们疏远了，至少
孩子们是这么想的。然而，他对公司来说却
非常重要，公司每个人都爱他，甚至崇拜他
，因为在他们眼里，他几乎完美。但是，谁
来帮助这孤儿寡母收拾他去世后的残局呢？
Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE
word you think appropriate.
Americans average 25.1 working (1) hours
______ per
person in working age per week, but the Germans average
18.6 hours. The average American works 46.2 weeks per
while the French average 40 weeks per year.
year, (2) ______
less than
Why do western Europeans work so much (3) _____
Americans? Recent work argues that these differences
result (4)
_____
from higher European tax rates, but the vast
empirical labor supply literature suggests that tax rates
can (5) ________
explain only a small amount of the differences in
hours between the U.S. and Europe. Another popular view
by longis that these differences are explained (6) ____
standing European “culture,” yet Europeans worked more
than Americans as (7) _____
late as the 1960s. We believe that
European labor market regulations, advocated by unions in
declining European industries who argued “work less, work
difference between the
all” explain the bulk of the (8) ___________
U.S. and Europe. These policies do not seem to have
increased employment, but they may have had a more
society-wide (9) ___________
influence on leisure patterns because of
a social multiplier where the returns to leisure increase as
taking longer vacations.
more people are (10) _______
Oral Activities
Having a Discussion and Debate on the Following Topic
Viewpoints:
Live to work VS Work to Live
Do what you love
VS Love what you do
Some people work to live. These people view
their work or careers largely as toil because their purpose
is to earn a living. Their real interests lie elsewhere, and
their work or careers are only means to an end, not an
end in itself. Some of these people try to cut corners, to
gain the maximum pay with the minimum of effort.
Others do indeed take great pride in their work, and put
great effort in doing their jobs well, but their jobs simply
are not the centers of their lives.
Some people agree to the opinion that hard work is all
for the sake of living.
Work to Live:
From childhood, people have to study hard so as to
enlarge their knowledge, to improve the quality and to
increase the experience for a social being.
After they step into the social stage, they work diligently
every day to maintain their jobs, to promote their career
positions and to run their own business successfully.
This state of mind might agree with the majority. The
sweat dropped today is for the sake of tomorrow’s
harvest, in other words, living is the origin and basis of
their work.
They have the belief that the harder they work, the
more the rewards they will get.
Live to Work: Certain people, it is said, live to work. This
is shorthand for saying that their lives center on their
work or careers, and that achievement in their professions
is a major source of satisfaction and meaning in their lives.
Money may or may not be a major motivation for these
people. In some cases, achieving huge levels of pay (as is
the case with many senior corporate executives, such as
CEOs) is regarded more as a means of keeping score and
proving your relative worth versus other people, than it is
for the money itself.
Some people take the views that work is the purpose and
ambition of their lives.
They can not imagine how life will be without work. Work
for them is destiny.
In this kind of people’s minds, the destiny has been rooting
in their deep heart, which leads them to work harder and
harder, which encourages them to make consistently brave
and meaningful new tries and which makes them have a
faith to live a worthwhile life.