ELE3103 Applied Analogue Electronics
Period per
Week
Contact
Hour per
Semester
Weighted
Total Mark
Weighted
Exam Mark
Weighted
Continuous
Assessment
Mark
WCM
40
Credit
Units
LH PH TH
CH
WTM
WEM
CU
45 30 00
60
100
60
4
Rationale
This course assumes that the student has knowledge of the bipolar junction transistor
(BJT). Thus, concept of BJT is covered in the first lesson of the course. The first
lesson is designed to give an overview of the analysis methods for analog electronics.
Objectives
Having undertaken this course the student should be able to:

Understand the differences between the main type of semiconductor device and
understand their main applications;

Understand the basic principles of some fundamental analogue circuits;

Design simple analogue circuits using semiconductor devices
Subject Content
1.
Overview of Analog Circuit Analysis
The four types of electronic circuits and signals (digital, large signal analog,
small signal analog and mixed) are shown. A key concept used throughout the
course, the small signal linear model, is introduced. The characteristics and
regions of operation of the BJT and its DC and ac models are presented,
along with the DC analysis of basic PNP and NPN BJT circuits. A simple
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2.
3.
4.
amplifier circuit is used to emphasize: a) the use of the small signal model to
find the gain and phase relationship of the output to the input signal; b)
superposition of small ac signals with DC bias voltage; and c) coupling
capacitors used for isolation of the signal source from DC biasing. Using the
general model of a small signal amplifier, the effect of the signal source internal
resistance and load resistances on the overall gain of amplifier circuits is shown.
A review of basic circuit analysis techniques including current division, voltage
division, potential difference, node analysis and current and voltage sources
from the point of view of I/V characteristics is given if necessary.
Concepts of Input and Output Impedance, and Voltage Gain and Phase
for Single-stage Amplifiers.
The five basic equations for the impedance looking into the 3 terminals of BJT
and MOSFET transistors, replaced by their small signal models, are derived
using the vIN/iIN method. The six basic transistor circuit configurations (common
source CS, common gate CG, and common drain CD for FET circuits;
common emitter CE, common collector CC, and common base CB for BJT
circuits) are introduced.
DC and Small Signal Analysis of CE, CC, and CB Single Stage BJT
Amplifiers.
The DC bias or quiescent point (Q-Point) analysis for a BJT amplifier is
reviewed and practiced. The impedance results from the v IN/i IN method are used
to find the input impedance, output impedance, and signal gain of the three
different types of BJT amplifiers (CE, CC and CB) using the impedance
equations derived in lesson 2. The "input impedance" analysis method for a
single stage CE BJT amplifier is compared with the classical "plug-in model"
method. The basic concepts learned in lessons one and two are practiced and
reinforced by finding the voltage gain of single stage amplifiers. A graphical
presentation of how signal distortion is related to the Q point location is
presented.
DC and Small Signal Analysis of FET Amplifiers.
The methods for finding the voltage gain and input and output impedance for
the CS, CD, and CG FET amplifiers are presented. Emphasis is placed on using
impedance concepts to find the voltage gain as well as the input and output
impedance of amplifiers, without drawing the circuit models. The principles for
setting the DC Q-point of an FET amplifier to meet small signal voltage gain
specs are illustrated by a design example. The principles of the previous lessons
are exercised by solving FET and BJT single stage amplifier problems.
5.
Review of the Single Stage BJT Amplifiers; Design of Single Stage BJT and
FET Differential Amplifiers with Low Output Impedance and High Input
Impedance.
The basic single stage differential amplifier, with emphasis on its discrimination
against external noise, is introduced. The principles for the differential mode
(DM) and common mode (CM) signal analysis of both BJT and FET
differential amplifiers are presented. The origin of internal noise due to the
random motion of charge in electronic circuits is presented, including basic
concepts as Johnson, shot and flicker noise, dependence on the bandwidth, and
signal to noise power ratio (SNR) equations are introduced.
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6.
Differential and Common Mode Analysis of Multistage Differential
Amplifiers and the Common Mode Rejection Ratio.
The virtual ground concept for the differential
principles for analysis of multistage amplifiers
emphasized. DC and small signal analyses
differential amplifiers with current source bias
source circuits are introduced
7.
mode analysis is derived. The
using impedance concepts are
methods for FET and BJT
are studied. Basic DC current
Design of Current Sources and Three-stage CMOS Differential Amplifiers
with Active P-channel Loads.
Basic current mirror circuits in integrated circuit (IC) amplifiers are studied
further from both DC and small signal view-of-points. Small signal analyses of
classical multi-transistor current sources are done to review the method of
finding output impedance and to show that these circuits can increase the
output resistance and also improve the R OUTIOUT figure of merit for current
sources. The method of suppressing common mode gain in CMOS Differential
Amplifiers using P-channel current mirror loads is studied. Finding the voltage
gain of three stage CMOS Differential Amplifiers by inspection is practiced.
8.
Low and High Frequency Analysis of Single and Multistage Amplifiers.
The fundamentals of the frequency and time response of RC circuits and Bode
phase and gain plots, including the mathematics background, are reviewed. The
short circuit time constant (SCTC) method for obtaining the low cutoff
frequency of amplifiers is explained. Circuit problems exercising this method
for the different configurations of single-stage amplifiers are solved. The high
frequency models for the FET and BJT are presented along with gainbandwidth limitations. The high frequency response of common base, common
gate, common collector, and common drain amplifiers (obtained by the open
circuit time constant (OCTC) method) are compared. The Miller effect is
derived and applied to the frequency response analysis of basic amplifier
circuits.
9.
Analysis and Design of Multi-stage BJT and FET Circuits with Feedback
Circuits with feedback to improve input and output impedance, noise
suppression, frequency response, gain stability, and nonlinear distortion are
studied, along with methods to find the loop gain are studied. The classical
feedback theory using amplifier and feedback “boxes” is briefly discussed. The
frequency response of common base, common gate, common collector, and
common drain amplifiers are compared. The tradeoffs between frequency
response, gain, and input impedance and other parameters are emphasized.
10.
Small Signal Parameters and Methods for Large Signal Analysis
The concept of small signal parameters (z, y, h, and g) for analysis of two port
electronic systems with the different feedback configurations (series-series,
shunt-series, shunt-shunt, and series-shunt) is presented. The essential concepts
and applications of two-port parameters for feedback systems and device
characterization are listed. The graphical approach for large signal analysis of
electronic circuits, as illustrated by analysis of the push-pull output stage of
operational amplifier, is studied. There is at least one hour allocated to review
for the final exam
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Recommended and Reference Books
[1]
[2]
R. C. Jaeger, Microelectronic Circuit Design, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996;
A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1998
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